Wydział Archeologii (WAr)
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Browsing Wydział Archeologii (WAr) by Author "Antowska-Gorączniak, Olga"
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Item Archaeological research of the Gothic Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the island of Ostrów Tumski, Poznań(Faculty of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 2021-12) Antowska-Gorączniak, Olga; Piątkowska, Grażyna; Martini, Sarah; Rand, AstaBetween 1999 and 2015 an archaeological research of the interior and the immediate vicinity of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the island of Ostrów Tumski in Poznań was con- ducted. This hall church, whose consecration took place in 1448, is part of the architecture style connected with the workshops of Master Builder Hinrich Brunsberg. Interestingly, the traceries of the study church windows correspond to similar elements from the churches in Brandenburg and Chojna (Brunsberg’s work). But the fragments of Gothic pinnacles from the gable (according to written sources) were probably built by Lorek from Kościan. Also, the tracery decoration at the western portal of the Poznań cathedral, which was discovered during the post-war renovation works, confirms the presence of a similar façade decoration of the Poznań cathedral to that in Brandenburg. What is more, a fleuron found in the church of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the island of Ostrów Tumski is analogous to the same decorative element of the town hall in Tangermünde. This suggests that the workshops associated with that master builder, most probably participated in the rebuilding of the Poznań cathedral at the turn of the century (XIV/XV) and in the designing of the St Mary’s Church, which was completed after Brunsberg’s death. The archaeological research included the cemetery that was operational from the 2 nd half of the 15 th century to the end of the 18 th century, during which time, the deceased were buried inside the church. It was also where remains of several brick tombs/crypts were discovered. The youngest burial is an ossuary found in the middle of the nave, which contains bones moved there from the cathedral in 1784-1785. The brick and stone wall enclosing the cemetery was built in 1465-1466. Originally, the church and the cemetery were situated on a small hill, the slopes of which were reinforced.Item Architektura gotycka na Ostrowie Tumskim w Poznaniu. Studium architektoniczno-archeologiczne(2019) Antowska-Gorączniak, Olga; Kóčka-Krenz, Hanna. PromotorCelem pracy jest ukazanie architektury gotyckiej na Ostrowie Tumskim w Poznaniu oraz przekształceń i zagospodarowania terenu wokół budynków w oparciu o badania archeologiczne prowadzone w latach 1938-2017. Praca składa się z dwóch części – opisowej, która jest analizą i interpretacją materiału źródłowego oraz części drugiej – katalogu, który jest bazą źródłową. W części tekstowej omówiono zachowane budynki i rozpoznane relikty z podziałem na obiekty sakralne i towarzyszące im cmentarze, budynki mieszkalne, architekturę obronną, pozostałe budynki kościelne (np. szkołę) oraz tzw. małą architekturę (np. drogi, mosty, ogrodzenia). Uzupełniającym zagadnieniem jest detal architektoniczny, a w szczególności ceramika budowlana i możliwości, jakie daje analiza stylistyczna oraz materiały porównawcze, które pozwalają dla części źródeł wskazać warsztaty budowlane. Przyjęty zakres chronologiczny dla rozważań zawiera się między poł. XIII w., kiedy nastąpiła translokacja Poznania na lewy brzeg rzeki Warty, a 2 dekadą XVI w. (śmierć biskupa Jana Lubrańskiego). Postawiono pytanie jak architektura i jej najbliższy kontekst zmieniały się po przekazaniu terenu biskupstwu poznańskiemu. Odniesieniem do badań jest starsza zabudowa grodowa i równoległa zabudowa miasta lokacyjnego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy ustalono kryterium wyboru miejsca pod zabudowę (tradycja, bezpieczeństwo, prestiż), określono przemiany dotyczące stosowanych technik budowlanych i użytych materiałów, warunki zabudowy mieszkalnej, stylistykę i estetykę architektury i jej elementów, co w określonych przypadkach przełożyło się na wskazanie warsztatu budowlanego.Item Poznań in the early Middle Ages(Faculty of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 2021-12) Kóčka-Krenz, Hanna; Antowska-Gorączniak, Olga; Sikorski, Andrzej; Piątkowska, Grażyna; Martini, Sarah; Rand, AstaThe information contained in the oldest written sources reveals that Poznań was the seat of the Bishop of St. Peter’s Church and emphasises the military strength of the stronghold during the reign of Bolesław the Brave (Chrobry). They do not, however, provide any data about the size, fortifications, or development of the area covered by the stronghold or about the processes that transformed its buildings. As the written sources seem laconic, archaeologists must rely on the results of their research to reconstruct a picture of how the stronghold functioned. They reveal that in the second half of the 10 th century, the prince/duke possessed a stone palas in the stronghold of Poznań with a separate reception hall, chancellery office, and treasury, as well as a stone palace chapel used for private devotion. Adjacent to the palas was a wooden building that was a goldsmith’s workshop – one of the specialized work- shops that fulfilled the needs of the court. The nearby paved square was probably surrounded by other buildings serving as courtly workshops. The second section of the stronghold, adjacent to the east, contained in its centre the cathedral church and the buildings that be- longed to wealthy people associated with the ruler who performed military and administrative functions on his behalf. The third (northern) segment of the complex was probably intended for economic purposes. On the other hand, the fortified site of Zagórze was inhabited by a group of people who performed service functions for the rest of the stronghold’s inhabitants. There is no question, therefore, that Poznań was a mighty fortalice that guarded approaches to the interior of the state, a stronghold which had administrative, economic, and sacral functions that was the residence of the first Piasts and constituted the main point of support in the management of their domain.