Browsing by Author "Łukaszewski, Marcin"

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    Czy parlament może zmienić mężczyznę w kobietę? Granice i miejsce zasady supremacji parlamentu w brytyjskim porządku konstytucyjnym wobec europejskich procesów integracyjnych (wybrane problemy)
    (Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2013) Łukaszewski, Marcin
    The political system of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is of interest to researchers for several reasons. One of the most important motivations certainly involves the unique construction of its Constitution, the content of which is not formulated in a single legal act of a supreme status. This unwritten Constitution encompasses at least four parts. The most important part is undoubtedly constituted by one of three principles of the political system, namely the principle of the sovereignty (omnipotence) of parliament. This principle, which is regarded as a constitutional principle by some and as a principle above the Constitution by others, constitutes the core of British constitutional law. The topic of this paper is an attempt to indicate the boundaries of this principle in the British constitutional order and to place it in relation to remaining principles. The boundaries of this principle have been considered by British constitutionalists on numerous occasions. Considerations on the relation of this principle to the remaining elements of the Constitution have been the subject of interest for courts of law, including the House of Lords, which used to function as the court of last instance in judicial proceedings prior to the 2005 reform. It is worth emphasizing that even the lords/judges frequently disagreed on the boundaries of the principle and even on whether the principle can be examined by any court. There were also views that the principle is only a virtual construct, and even if it had ever applied to the political system at all, it can no longer be referred to, given contemporary European integration processes. The complicated combination of elements of the British constitution with the presence of the United Kingdom in the structures of the European Council and European Union (preceded by the European Community) have produced a number of interpretations of the principle of the omnipotence of the parliament in the new political reality the UK has found itself in. It was the adoption of the European Communities Act 1972, followed several decades later by the adoption of the European Union Act 2011 that led to the discussion on the construction of the British Constitution and either the approval or rejection of the concept that the Constitution of the United Kingdom with its meta-principle should be interpreted anew.
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    Czy renesans monarchii absolutnej? Zmiany w Konstytucji Księstwa Liechtensteinu z 2003 roku
    (Wydawnictwo Naukowe WNPiD UAM, 2010) Łukaszewski, Marcin
    W 2003 r. obywatele Liechtensteinu przyjęli zbiór nowelizacji do Konstytucji, który to zezwalał na znaczne wzmocnienie władzy monarszej. Te zmiany były kilkukrotnie krytykowane przez Radę Europy, która oceniła je jako możliwy odwrót od monarchii konstytucyjnej i tym samym zwrócenie się w kierunku monarchii absolutnej. W opinii Autora artykułu, obawy te są nieuzasadnione.
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    Efektywność systemów politycznych demokratycznych mikropaństw europejskich na przełomie XX i XXI wieku
    (2015-06-25) Łukaszewski, Marcin; Wallas, Tadeusz. Promotor
    Zasadniczym celem dysertacji jest ocena efektywności systemów politycznych czterech następujących państw: Andory, Liechtensteinu, Monako i San Marino. Tym samym stanowią one ramy terytorialne rozprawy. Druga część tematu – na przełomie XX i XXI wieku – implikuje umieszczenie zagadnienia badawczego w szerokim kontekście procesów integracyjnych i globalizacyjnych, z jakimi mamy do czynienia we współczesnym świecie. Ów kontekst został zawężony w temacie do przełomu XX i XXI wieku, w którym to we wszystkich z czterech państw nastąpiła daleko idąca demokratyzacja systemów politycznych. Kategoria mikropaństw europejskich, która znajduje się w temacie dysertacji ma wskazywać, że przedmiotem niniejszej pracy będą jedynie cztery wyżej wskazane państwa europejskie. Umieszczenie w temacie pracy przymiotnika demokratycznych oznacza, że w ramach terytorialnych dysertacji nie znajduje się najmniejsze państwo świata – Watykan.
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    Evolution of the constitutional position of selected German-speaking countries’ heads of state in the 20th/21st century
    (Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2014) Łukaszewski, Marcin
    This paper is an attempt to show the evolution of the constitutional position of the head of state in the years 1920–2013 in Austria, Liechtenstein and Switzerland, with special reference to the specificity of these systems (Austrian federalism, Liechtenstein’s strong position of the monarch and collegial head of state in the Swiss case). It is based on a comparative analysis of the constitutional provisions of constitutional acts and their corresponding amendments. The timeframe of the paper is based on the period 1920–2013, due to the fact that at the very beginning of the 1920s two of the constitutional acts were created in the countries which are the subject of the paper: Austria (1920) and Liechtenstein (1921), which, despite many changes, exist today. The aim of the paper is to indicate differences in the position of the political head of state in 1920, and almost a century later.
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    Kolegialna głowa państwa we współczesnych systemach politycznych
    (Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM w Poznaniu, 2011) Łukaszewski, Marcin
    Avast majority of democratic constitutions provide for a unipersonal head of state in modern political systems. There are only four democratic states with a collegial head of state in their political system. In the opinion of the article’s author, this form of the principal state organ is determined by historical factors and/or the federal character of the state. The author also points to the fact that this form of state leadership is present in the political systems of autocratic states.
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    Marginalizacja ugrupowań ekologicznych na scenach politycznych państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w okresie transformacji ustrojowej
    (Wydawnictwo Naukowe WNPiD UAM w Poznaniu, 2013) Łukaszewski, Marcin
    In the period 2008–2011, twelve parliamentary elections were held in eight Central and East European states. Their results demonstrated the decreasing importance of green parties on the political stage in this part of Europe. The author of this paper tries to translate the concept developed by Allan Sikk and Rune Holmgaard Andersen, concerning the evolution of Estonian green parties, to party systems in CEE states. The paper also discusses the evolution of the status of green parties and their probable placement in party systems following the nearest parliamentary elections.
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    Microstate and monarchy in the face of the challenges of the modern world. The political system of Liechtenstein and its specificity (an outline of the problem)
    (Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2015) Łukaszewski, Marcin
    The p is an attempt to analyse the functioning of the political system of monarchy and microstate in the conditions of modern processes of integration and globalisation with which we are dealing in Europe. The author attempts to analyse the functioning of the state based on an interview with the main political actor of the Duchy – HSH Alois, who since 2004, under Article 13 bis of the Constitution of the Principality, fulfils the duties of head of state. The author is also tries to draw attention to the specific features of the political system of Liechtenstein.
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    Obywatelstwo watykańskie a zasada ius sanguinis i ius soli
    (Wydawnictwo Naukowe WNPiD UAM w Poznaniu, 2010) Łukaszewski, Marcin
    In 2009 we passed the eightieth anniversary of Peter Cardinal Gasparri signing an agreement with the Italian Government, represented by Prime Minister Benito Mussolini. The documents signed by the parties led to the establishment of the smallest state in the world – the Vatican City. The Lateran Treaty led to the exclusion of 44 hectares from Italian territory and their transfer to the jurisdiction of the Pope. This led to a situ- ation when it was necessary to determine the status of the persons on the territory of the newly established state. Thus, a formula emerged of a residence permit and citizenship of the Vatican. Of course, it was necessary to define the categories of people using both formulas. The intention of the author of this article was to indicate that the acquisition of citizenship of the Vatican cannot be classified in any of the traditional categories of ius sanguinisandius soli. It is a specific form of citizenship, which could be called functional citizenship. The persons eligible for citizenship of the Vatican fall intosev- eral categories, with particular emphasis on those serving in the Papal Swiss Guard. The subject of the article are the rights and obligations of citizens of the Vatican and Vatican documents (identity card or passport).
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    Parliament–government–citizens. The place of the institution of direct democracy in the discussion on the shape of San Marino-European Union relations in the context of the referendum of 2013
    (Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2021) Łukaszewski, Marcin
    The subject of the article is the issue of using the institutions of direct democracy in the process of shaping the directions of a very specific element of foreign policy – relations with the European Union, of which San Marino is not a member. While most of the referenda related to the European Union concern the accession of countries to this organization, the vote in 2013 was of a slightly different nature. Therefore, the author attempts to indicate how the use of the instruments of direct democracy by citizens, in a way in opposition to the institution of indirect democracy (parliament and its dependent government), can contribute to the decision-makers making political decisions desired by citizens, even in seemingly rather unusual (apart from the aforementioned accession referenda) for direct democracy, spheres as the directions of foreign policy.
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    Stosunki francusko-andorskie w dwudziestolecie podpisania traktatu o dobrym sąsiedztwie, przyjaźni i współpracy
    (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2015) Łukaszewski, Marcin
    W 1993 roku społeczeństwo Andory zdecydowało o przyjęciu pierwszej w dziejach Księstwa konstytucji. Rok ten był dla tego pirenejskiego państwa również wyjątkowy ze względu na przyjęcie go do ONZ i ze względu na zawarcie trójstronnego traktatu z oboma sąsiadami : Hiszpanią i Francją. Zdaniem autora, traktat ten w sposób znaczący wpłynął na pozycję Andory na arenie międzynarodowej i na kolejne dziesięciolecia uwarunkował relacje tego państwa z sąsiadami. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest próba podjęcia analizy tych stosunków, opierając się na relacjach andorsko-francuskich. Autor stara się wskazać sprawy, które stanowiły dla obu państw przedmiot sporu i kompromisu: oszustwa podatkowe, kwestia granicy czy chociażby waluta euro.
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    Zasada incompatibilitas w samorządowym prawie ustrojowym (relacje samorządowiec-parlamentarzysta) i projekt przekształcenia Senatu w Izbę Samorządową
    (Wydawnictwo Naukowe WNPiD UAM, Poznań, 2011) Łukaszewski, Marcin
    The problem of senate as a self-government chamber and self-government person – parliament deputy relations were shown in the political history of the Polish Third Republic many times. In 2001, when self-government laws were introduced into the political system of selfgovernment, there was an institution of incompatibilitas (incompatibility of self-governmental and parliamentarian seats). It influenced the subsequent public debate about the role of Senate and the emerging plans to transform it into a self-government chamber.