Browsing by Author "Jankowiak, Katarzyna"
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Item Metaphors are like lenses: Electrophysiological correlates of novel meaning processing in bilingualism(SAGE Publishing) Jankowiak, Katarzyna; Naranowicz, Marcin; Rataj, KarolinaAims and objectives: The study provides new insights into how bilingual speakers process semantically complex novel meanings in their native (L1) and non-native language (L2). Methodology: The study employs an EEG method with a semantic decision task to novel nominal metaphors, novel similes, as well as literal and anomalous sentences presented in participants’ L1 and L2. Data and analysis: In total, 29 native speakers of Polish (L1) who were highly proficient in English (L2) took part in the study. The collected EEG signal was analyzed in terms of an eventrelated potential analysis. The statistical analyses were based on behavioral data (reaction times and accuracy rates) as well as mean amplitudes for the four conditions in the two languages within the N400 and LPC time windows. Findings: The results revealed the N400 effect of utterance type modulated by language nativeness, where the brainwaves for anomalous sentences, novel nominal metaphors, and novel similes converged in L2, while in L1 a graded effect was observed from anomalous sentences to novel nominal metaphors, novel similes and literal sentences. In contrast, within the late time window, a more pronounced sustained negativity to novel nominal metaphors than novel similes was observed in both languages, thus indicating that meaning integration mechanisms might be of similar automaticity in L1 and L2 when bilingual speakers are highly proficient in their L2. Altogether, the present results point to a more taxing mechanisms involved in lexico-semantic access in L2 than L1, yet such an increased effort seems to be resolved within the meaning integration phase. Originality: The findings present novel insights into how bilinguals construct new unfamiliar meanings and show how and when cognitive mechanisms engaged in this process are modulated by language nativeness. Significance: The study might provide crucial implications for further research on bilingual semantic processing as well as human creativityItem On modality effects in bilingual emotional language processing: Evidence from galvanic skin response(Springer, 2018) Jankowiak, Katarzyna; Korpal, PawełThough previous research has shown a decreased sensitivity to emotionally-laden linguistic stimuli presented in the non-native (L2) compared to the native language (L1), studies conducted thus far have not examined how different modalities influence bilingual emotional language processing. The present experiment was therefore aimed at investigating how late proficient Polish (L1)–English (L2) bilinguals process emotionally-laden narratives presented in L1 and L2, in the visual and auditory modality. To this aim, we employed the galvanic skin response (GSR) method and a self-report measure (Polish adaptation of the PANAS questionnaire). The GSR findings showed a reduced galvanic skin response to L2 relative to L1, thus suggesting a decreased reactivity to emotional stimuli in L2. Additionally, we observed a more pronounced skin conductance level to visual than auditory stimuli, yet only in L1, which might be accounted for by a self-reference effect that may have been modulated by both language and modality.Item Physiological and self-report measures in emotion studies: Methodological considerations(Committee for Psychological Science PAS, 2018-12) Korpal, Paweł; Jankowiak, KatarzynaInvestigating human emotions empirically is still considered to be challenging, mostly due to the questionable validity of the results obtained when employing individual types of measures. Among the most frequently used methods to study emotional reactions are self-report, autonomic, neurophysiological, and behavioral measures. Importantly, previous studies on emotional responding have rarely triangulated the aforementioned research methods. In this paper we discuss main methodological considerations related to the use of physiological and self-report measures in emotion studies, based on our previous research on the processing of emotionally-laden narratives in the native and non-native language, where we employed the SUPIN S30 questionnaire as a self-report tool, and galvanic skin response (GSR) as a physiological measure (Jankowiak & Korpal, 2018). The findings revealed a more pronounced reaction to stimuli presented in the native relative to the non-native language, which was however reflected only in GSR patterns. The lack of correlation between GSR and SUPIN scores might have resulted from a number of methodological considerations, such as social desirability bias, sensitive questions, lack of emotional self-awareness, compromised ecological validity, and laboratory anxiety, all of which are thoroughly discussed in the article.Item Przetwarzanie leksykalno-semantyczne w rozumieniu języka figuratywnego w dwujęzyczności: Wskaźniki behawioralne oraz elektrofizjologiczne(2018) Jankowiak, Katarzyna; Pawelczyk, Joanna. Promotor; Rataj, KarolinaNiniejsza rozprawa doktorska miała na celu empiryczne zbadanie tego, jak rodzimi użytkownicy języka polskiego, którzy są na wysokim poziomie zaawansowania w języku angielskim jako języku obcym, rozumieją metafory nowe oraz utarte (Eksperyment 1), jak również nowe znaczenia metaforyczne przedstawione w formie metafor rzeczownikowych oraz w formie porównań (Eksperyment 2). W tym celu, przeanalizowane zostały dane behawioralne (Eksperyment 1 oraz Eksperyment 2), jak również potencjały wywołane (Eksperyment 1), podczas gdy uczestnicy badań podejmowali decyzję semantyczną w odpowiedzi na wyrażenia zaprezentowane w języku polskim oraz angielskim. Zaobserwowane wyniki behawioralne oraz elektrofizjologiczne pokazały, że podczas gdy rozumienie nowych znaczeń metaforycznych jest niezależne od języka, rozumienie metafor utartych jest trudniejsze w języku obcym niż w języku rodzimym. Co więcej, otrzymane wyniki wskazały na mniej automatyczne przetwarzanie informacji semantycznych w L2, co może wynikać z różnic w dominacji języka rodzimego oraz obcego. Wyniki przedstawionych badań pokazały zatem, że osoby biegle posługujące się językiem obcym, których językiem dominującym jest jednak język rodzimy, są mniej wrażliwe na poziom konwencjonalności wyrażeń metaforycznych w L2 niż w L1 oraz przetwarzają informacje językowe mniej automatycznie w języku obcym niż w języku ojczystym.