Browsing by Author "Kaniecki, Alfred"

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    Dawne mapy jako źródło informacji o wodach śródlądowych i stopniu ich antropogenicznychprzeobrażeń
    (Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2008) Graf, Renata; Kaniecki, Alfred; Medyńska-Gulij, Beata
    W opracowaniu dokonano analizy przekazów kartograficznych ukazujących się na przełomie XVIII i XIX w., których głównym elementem treści są wody źródłowe Polski. W zakresie sposobów przedstawiania i interpretacji elementów hydrograficznych jako podstawowe źródła kartograficzne omówiono, uwzględniajac kryterium skali i kartometryczności, mapy wód źródłowych oraz mapy ogólnogeograficzne. Problem wykorzystania nie w pełni kartometrycznych materiałów kartograficznych do odtworzenia i rekonstrukcji przestrzennych układów systemów rzecznych rozpatrywano na przykładzie dolnego biegu Warty przy ujęciu do Odry, w rejonie Kostrzyna. Analizie poddano dwie rękopiśmienne mapy z XVIII w. (1773 i 1786), porównujac sposoby przedstawiania na nich zasadniczych elementów sieci rzecznej oraz dokonując oceny ich wiarygodności w zakresie możliwości odtworzenia kierunków i zasięgu przemian stosunków wodnych związanych z antropopresja. Dodatkowo treści obu map odniesiono do obrazu dolnego odcinka Warty, zarejestrowanego na mapie z 1928 r., stanowiącej materiał w pełni kartometryczny. Uznano, że mapy rękopiśmienne, tworzone jeszcze przed okresem zastosowania pomiarów terenowych opartych na triangulacji, stanowią bogate źródło informacji o stanie i stopniu przekształceń wód źródłowych, jednak różny poziom ich kartometryczności oraz sposób prezentacji treści hydrograficznej ograniczają ich przydatność w analizach przestrzennych.
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    Przemiany środowiskowe związane z antropopresją w ujściowym odcinku Warty
    (Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2014) Kaniecki, Alfred
    This article is an attempt at presenting environmental changes within the Warta valley during the last 250 years on the basis of existing archives, i.e. historical sources and old hydrographic hand-drawn maps, compiled in 1773 and 1786. Correlation with a modern map illustrates how much the hydrographic network and water conditions has changed in this area. The area under discussion by the author covers the valley of the lower Warta river from the mouth of Noteć river to the mouth of the Warta into the Odra river. First of all, an attempt was mode to reconstruct the initial environmental conditions. The greatest changes were connected with river regulation work in the Warta valley, including irrigation channels and discharge ditches draining the water from swampy valleys parts. These field works were for the most part of valley carried out towards the end of the 18-th century and the early part of the 19-th century. In this period the changes of hydrographic conditions were greatest. The present hydrographic pattern in the Warta Valley is artificial regulated with strengthened nearly straight line banks. This works provided for its stability, whereas in its other segments of Warta river often changed its course creating new meanders or arms. The dominance of drainage works in this area, liquidation of wet areas and river patterns made this terrain periodically dry, completely different than in the middle Ages. The Warta also lost its significance as a water route, and its water are polluted. In the Warta valley also the transformation of relief is caused by the development of transport routes, building the flood dam and another type of anthropogenic forms. In area under consideration as a result of human activity, practically all physiographic elements were changed – waters, swamps, relief, soils and topoclimate.
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    Przemiany stosunków wodnych w dolinie górnej Noteci do połowy XIX wieku związane z antropopresją
    (Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2011) Kaniecki, Alfred
    The start of the great drainage work in the Upper Noteć valley is connected with the construction of the Bydgoszcz Canal in the years 1772–1774. Earlier, the economic ventures, like building of water mills or causeways, affected the area water conditions only locally. A reconstruction of the initial look of the valley still rests on historical source materials because no research has been conducted in the region to date. Here, we made use of the information from the 15th-century chronicle by Jan Długosz, of the description the 18th-century causeways, of the cartographic works of this period as well as the old descriptions of the Noteć valley. Despite attempts at a regulation of the channel, the Noteć valley from Lake Gopło to Nakło preserved its natural character until the mid-19th century, hence it was poorly accessible and swampy. It was only in the other half of the 19th century that the water conditions and the pattern of stream network in the Noteć valley were transformed radically owing to the drainage of wetland and the regulation of the river for navigational purposes.
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    Rola i znaczenie Warty w dawnym Poznaniu
    (Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2015) Kaniecki, Alfred
    In this article an attempt has been made to demonstrate the role and significance of the Warta river in the spatial organisation of Poznań, its defence system and its economic role. Water from the Warta and its tributaries was both one of the basic raw materials and an energy producer, via water mills, in the manufacturing processes of workshops or groups of craftsmen (tanners, shoe makers, wood workers, beer brewers) along its banks. While in the Middle Ages the river pattern of Poznań played an important role in the development of the city area, in the middle of the 17th century its significance began to gradually decline, ultimately disappearing. The Warta lost its significance as a water route. Its waters are polluted and it seems that the city has turned away from it.
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    Średniowieczne młyny wodne i ich wpływ na przemiany stosunków wodnych na przykładzie zlewni Obry Skwierzyńskiej
    (Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2010) Kaniecki, Alfred; Brychcy, Dorota
    From the mid-13th century onwards, water provided energy to water mills located in the catchment of Obra Skwierzyńska. They did not only mill grain but also produced groats, malt, fulled cloth, tanned skin, cut wood, ground metal and produced paper. Their considerable growth in number in this area was observed at the end of the 14th century as a result of the Polish-Lithuanian Union. This area found itself on the main trade routes. During the period from the 13th to 19th century, water mills had a significant influence on the formation of the hydrological system of the catchment area. Their building and functioning was connected with the formation of mill-pond trough, dams, building weirs and mill ditches as well as bypass channels. The river network adaptation for the abovementioned purposes also includes: river mining, river bed cleaning, river banks strengthening with timber piles and boards, changes in the amount of water in watercourses. Water from lakes, springs and other water races was guided to watercourses on which several water -mills were built. Water mills were built in meadows or wetlands , trough-out canals and trenches gathering water in millponds were dug out. This kind of permanent dewatering of wet areas and changing them into meadows and pastures; also, water energy utilization for production influenced the evolution of society, forced it to optimize the utilization of surface water resources.
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    Użytkowanie wód w średniowieczu na przykładzie zlewni Osiecznicy
    (Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2012) Kaniecki, Alfred
    This article analyses the activities aimed at exploiting water resources for power generation and fishing. From the end of the 14th century onwards, water provided energy to water mills located in the catchment of Osiecznica. Their considerable growth in number in this area, to a total of 28, was observed at the end of the 16th century as a result of the Polish-Lithuanian Union and economic growth. The water mills had a significant influence on the formation of the hydrological system of the catchment area. Their building and functioning was connected with the formation of mill-ponds, dams, weirs and mill ditches. The river network adaptation for these purposes included: river mining, river bed cleaning and changes of water discharge. Water from lakes and springs was guided to watercourses along which several water mills were built. Water mills were built mainly on the Osiecznica, Szczanica and Dopływ z Kwilcza, the greatest rivers of this catchment mainly below outflows of lakes. In the Middle Ages fishing was undoubtedly a very important form of water use. There was a lot of water in this catchment: the Osiecznica River and its tributaries, lakes and ponds. Often near the main mill ponds, which dammed the water for the mill, a few smaller ponds were dug out where fish were bred. The combination of pond management with water energy and fish breeding created an increase in so-called small retention in the Osiecznica catchment.
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    Ways of presenting environmental elements in old cartographic records and their reliability
    (Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 2011) Kaniecki, Alfred
    This article seeks to assess the reliability of the hydrographic type of environmental features depicted in old cartographic records up to the end of the 18th century.
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    Zmiany koryta Noteci w jej środkowym odcinku
    (Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2016) Kaniecki, Alfred; Ptak, Mariusz
    The paper analyses the changes in middle course of the Noteć River channel i.e. from Nakło to Ujście. The research was carried out by means of the cartographic method surveying environmental changes. Based on the cartographic material from four different periods of time, the occurrence of considerable changes was determined in the period between the second half of the 18th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The observed transformation was attributed mainly to the anthropogenic factors, including any hydrotechnical works related to e.g. the river’s regulation and drainage works in the river valley. Such activities are aimed at a more efficient use of the Noteć River for economic purposes.