Browsing by Author "Kolendowicz, Leszek"
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Item Charakterystyka termiczna wklęsłej formy terenowej w okresie letnim 2010 r. na przykładzie zagłębienia międzywydmowego w Słowińskim Parku Narodowym(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2011) Kolendowicz, Leszek; Bednorz, EwaThe study is based on the measurements carried out on the Łeba Sandbar in the vicinity of the terrain station of the Department of Climatology, Adam Mickiewicz University in the period from 5 July 2010 to 6 August 2010. The interdune concave, close to the seashore, was chosen to recognize the microclimatic features of the hollow terrain form. Five measurement points were established within this hollow form: on the western, southern, eastern and northern slope and at the bottom of the concave. Thermal characteristic of each point was accomplished and thermal conditions within the hollow terrain form were described. At the same time, a description of weather conditions at standard surface has been performed, on the basis of the data from the automatic meteorological station located in the vicinity. The analysis has been made for the whole period and, separately, for the days with radiant weather.Item Charakterystyka topoklimatyczna fragmentu wybrzeża klifowego w rejonie Białej Góry (Woliński Park Narodowy)(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2009) Bednorz, Ewa; Kolendowicz, Leszek; Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaW opracowaniu wykorzystano pomiary: albedo, bilansu promieniowania, temperatury i wilgotnooeci wzglêdnej z siedmiu stanowisk obserwacyjnych rozlokowanych w profilu poprzecznym do brzegu morskiego od pla¿y do buczyny na wysoczyŸnie morenowej. Stwierdzono zró¿nicowany przebieg dobowy analizowanych elementów meteorologicznych, zale¿ny od konfiguracji i pokrycia terenu. Punkty pomiarowe zlokalizowane na obszarze ods³oniêtym charakteryzuj¹ siê wiêkszymi amplitudami temperatury i wilgotnooeci powietrza ni¿ usytuowane na terenie zalesionym czy na stokach klifu. Wystawienie na bezpooerednie promieniowanie s³oneczne powoduje znaczny wzrost temperatury przy pogodzie bezchmurnej. Ods³oniêcie terenu pozwala te¿ na wiêksze wypromieniowanie w zakresie d³ugofalowym w nocy, co obni¿a poranne minimum temperatury. Specyficzn¹ termik¹ charakteryzuje siê obszar pla¿y.Wyniki pomiarów potwierdzaj¹ oddzia³ywanie Ba³tyku, który znacz¹co zmniejsza dobow¹ amplitudê temperatury powietrza. Termika analizowanych stanowisk pomiarowych jest oecioele powi¹zana z wartooeci¹ bilansu radiacyjnego, która g³ównie zale¿y od natê¿enia bezpooeredniego promieniowania S³oñca docieraj¹cego do pod³o¿a, albedo oraz pojemnooeci cieplnej gruntu.Item Daily course of the soil temperature in summer in chosen ecosystems of Słowiński National Park, northern Poland.(Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 2010) Bednorz, Ewa; Kolendowicz, LeszekPatterns of the daily changes of the soil temperature in summer at three different ecosystems within the Słowiński National Park were analyzed. Strong correlation between the solar radiation and the soil temperature was found, particularly for the bare sandy surfaces, while the plant and humus cover hampers the solar energy fl ux to the soil. In the same way, correlations between the temperature of soil surface and the air temperature were computed. Finally, logarithmic models for the relationship between the global solar radiation and the soil surface temperature and between the soil surface temperature and the air temperature were constructed.Item Heavy thunderstorms on the Polish-German lowlands in the period 1951-2008 and their circulation conditions(Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych UAM, 2012) Kolendowicz, LeszekThe aim of the study was an analysis of the impact of atmospheric circulation over the territory of Europe on the frequency of occurrence of heavy thunderstorms on German Lowlands and on Polish Lowlands in the period 1951–2008. The atmospheric circulation in days with investigated phenomena was illustrated as the averaged image of the atmospheric pressure field over Europe (sea level pressure and 500 hPa geopotential heights). Heavy thunderstorm phenomena occur as a result of low pressure systems or low pressure troughs moving above investigated area and bringing cold air masses. Usually, the distribution of isobars at sea level indicates the occurrence of atmospheric fronts accompanying a low pressure system.Item Lokalne zróżnicowanie parametrów wiatru na Mierzei Łebskiej (Słowiński Park Narodowy)(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2010) Bednorz, Ewa; Kolendowicz, LeszekThe daily course of wind speed and direction over chosen active surfaces close to the sea shore on the Łeba Bar have been analysed. Measurements took place in the vicinity of the field station of the Department of Climatology, Adam Mickiewicz University in the period from the 1st of July until 25th of August 2009. Two measurement posts, representing different morphological and plant zones were chosen: 1) the frontal dune, 2) coniferous forest, and additionally, the measurements from an automatic meteorological station, located at the grey dune in the topographic low behind the frontal dune, were used. The daily cycle of wind speed changes, with its maximum in the early afternoon and minimum at night, was identified at both measurement posts. Wind speed decreases towards the land interior. The difference of a few hundred meters distance from the sea shore between posts 1 and 2 causes substantial decrease in wind speed. Additionally, the topography of the second post, which is located in the forest, in the depression behind the frontal dune, strongly reduces wind speed. The breeze circulation was weak during the measurement period while the macroscale western circulation was dominant with shorter periods when the eastern flow dominated. The effect of the night breeze was expressed by southern deviation of wind direction and the daily breeze in the afternoon, whereas in the evening the northern directions dominated.Item Thermal and humidity conditions over a salient land form as exemplified by a coastal sand dune at the Łeba Sandbar in the Słowiński National Park(Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 2013) Kolendowicz, Leszek; Forycka-Ławniczak, HannaIn July 2011, measurements were taken of selected meteorological elements in the central part of the Łeba Sandbar in the Słowiński National Park. On the basis of the results of measurements performed at five points located on a salient land form in close proximity to the seashore, a thermal and humidity characteristics of this form were determined for a twenty-four hour period. The results of measurements obtained from an automatic weather station located in an open area, near the measurement points on the coastal sand dune, were used as information on the atmospheric conditions predominant in the standard area (flat area covered by grass). The research analysis was performed for the entire measurement period and for days with radiational weather. The authors also determined the dependence between air temperature and humidity values observed over the analysed land form and the values of weather elements measured over the standard area.Item Topoclimatic differentiation of the area of the Słowiński National Park, northern Poland.(Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 2010) Kolendowicz, Leszek; Bednorz, EwaThe primary objective of the study was to elaborate a synthetic topoclimatic map of the area of the Słowiński National Park (SNP). The spatial scopes of individual types of topoclimate were distinguished using the method proposed by Paszyński (1999). Pursuant to this method, the topoclimatic classifi cation – and subsequently topoclimatic charting – is performed on the basis of an analysis of the exchange of energy between the atmosphere and its base. The research conducted allowed us to determine that the SNP contains 12 types of local climate, and also to designate the spatial scopes thereof.Item Variability of summer meteorological and biometeorological conditions in the Ebba Valley region (Central Spitsbergen)(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2014) Bednorz, Ewa; Kolendowicz, Leszek; Szpikowski, Józef; Małecki, JakubVariability of summer meteorological and biometeorological conditions on the topoclimatic scale in the 2008–2010 summer season in the Ebba Valley region (Central Spitsbergen) was investigated. Three measurement sites, representing different altitudes and topography, as well as different types of active surfaces typical of Spitsbergen, were chosen, where automatic, hourly recorded, measurements were taken. The mean diurnal course of the basic meteorological and biometeorological parameters (i.e. air surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction, global solar radiation, wind chill temperature, cooling power, etc.), was computed for each of the three sites, which demonstrated spatial and temporal variability of biometeorological and weather conditions. Furthermore, four relevant weather types which may appear in the summer in different environments represented by the three measurement sites were distinguished. They can be defined as follows: type 1 – cold and windy weather, type 2 – cold and wet weather, type 3 – sunny weather (moderately windy and relatively warm), type 4 – warm and cloudy weather. The characteristics and occurrence of each of these types were described.Item Warunki mikroklimatyczne we wnętrzu boru sosnowego na Mierzei Łebskiej(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2010) Kolendowicz, Leszek; Bednorz, EwaThe observed regularities concerning the differentiation of the temperature of individual layers of the pine forest point to the assumption by the tree crowns of the role of the active surface, which is served by the soil surface in the area devoid of vegetation. This is supported among others by the higher values of air temperature to a height of 6 m above ground level between 12.00–15.00 hours, this means during the maximum of the intensity of solar radiation (Molga 1970). Moreover the lowest values of air temperature appears to a bottom part of the pine forest above ground level between 15.00–8.00 hours. The inversion of temperature near the ground is a natural phenomenon in the night hours, particularly at dawn. If no compact vegetation layer is present, it comes into being during calm nights and in the predawn hours above the active surface (above the ground) due to the radiation of heat from the ground zone to higher layers of the atmosphere. Appearance of the cool layer in the bottom part of pine forest under the hight of 6–8 m above ground level during the points to the assumption of the role of the active surface by pine crowns at this very height (Molga 1970; Paszyński et al. 1999). Differences in temperature between the open area and the forest interior or the layer of air above the forest point to the differentiation of energy exchange processes, this being dependent on the nature of the active surface. The forest area is characterised by a clearly lower albedo value than the area of the grey sand dune upon which the MAWS 201 station is located. In addition, forest areas may accumulate a greater amount of heat during the day than the sandy soil covered with grassy vegetation. The stored heat, the quantity of which depends both on the heat capacity and the albedo value, is transferred to the atmosphere in the night. Thus, the layer of atmosphere above the forest is usually warmer at night than the air located above the ground not covered with dense and tall vegetation. During the day, the soil is considerably warmer than the active surface of the forest, which results from the lower heat capacity of the soil. For this reason, a considerably greater quantity of energy radiates in a longwave form than in the case of the forest, and thus the temperature of air above the ground during the day is higher (Paszyński et al. 1999). During the day, the interior of the forest is in turn cooler than the areas devoid of vegetation due to considerably weaker solar radiation reaching the forest bed. At night, however, due the emission of additional quantities of heat from the tall vegetation and the more difficult emission of energy from the forest soil to the atmosphere above the forest (due to its absorption by the vegetation), the temperature of air inside the forest is usually higher than in the area devoid of vegetation (Geiger 1942; Molga 1970). The distribution of humidity in individual layers of the researched forest community does not differ considerably from the results of research carried out on this topic by other authors. The greater content of water vapour in the air inside the forest in comparison with the open area results directly from the considerable intensity of evaporation of the lower active surface of the forest. The maintenance of the greatest air humidity in the lower zone of pine crowns is most probably connected with their additional transpiration (apart from the transpiration of vegetation of the forest bed) and low wind velocities, which make it possible for water vapour to gather and remain in this zone (Molga 1970).Item Wpływ cyrkulacji atmosferycznej na występowanie dni z burzą na obszarze Polski Północno-Zachodniej(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2006) Kolendowicz, LeszekOpracowanie przedstawia wyniki analizy wpływu wywieranego przez cyrkulację atmosferyczną z jednoczesnym uwzględnieniem położenia i kierunku przemieszczania się frontów atmosferycznych, na występowanie dni z burzą na obszarze Polski Północno-Zachodniej. Badania przeprowadzono dla wyróżnionych w trakcie procedury badawczej sezonów burzowych w ciągu roku oraz regionów burzowych. Wyróżniono również typy sytuacji synoptycznej charakterystyczne dla dni burzowych. W przeprowadzonej analizie współzależności między aktywnością burzową a występowaniem wyróżnionych typów sytuacji synoptycznej wykorzystano analizę prawdopodobieństwa, korelacji oraz regresji logistycznej.Item Wpływ cyrkulacji atmosferycznej na występowanie dni z burzą w Poznaniu w latach 1951-2000(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2007) Kolendowicz, LeszekThe study concerns research into the connection between atmospheric circulation over the area of Central and Eastern Europe, and the occurrence of days with thunderstorms in Poznañ (Poland). The analysis of lower synoptic maps for the researched period 1951–2000 made it possible to isolate seven types of synoptic situations characteristic of days with thunderstorms on the area of Poland. During research based on the use of logistic regression, a determination was made of the influence of various synoptic situation types on thunderstorm activity in one of the polish meteorological station – Poznañ. An indication was made of type 2 of synoptic situations that is particularly conducive to the appearance of days with thunderstorms. This type is also characterised by the highest probability of the occurrence of stormy days. It has to be pointed out that type 2 synoptic situation may be the cause of very violent storms not only in Poland, but also in Europe or the USA. This is reflected in the descriptions of individual cases of violent storms or their accompanying phenomena occurring over Europe (PIAGET 1976; COURVOISIER et al. 1979; KURZ 1985, 1986; KOLENDOWICZ 2003, 2005), and the results of the studies conducted by CHANGNON (1985, 2001), WALKNER (1992) and KOLENDOWICZ (1998) pertaining to the analysis of a greater number of violent storms.Item Wpływ cyrkulacji atmosferycznej na występowanie ekstremalnych opadów w Poznaniu w latach 1920-2010(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2013) Bernas, Marcin; Kolendowicz, LeszekThe aim of this work is to define the influence of atmospheric circulation on the occurrence of extreme precipitation in Poznań in the years 1920–2010. The daily totals for atmospheric precipitation taken at the IMGW Poznań Ławica meteorological station were used. The research also uses data collected from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (Kalnay et al. 1996) concerning the distribution of atmospheric pressure at sea level, the geopotential height of 500 hPa as well as an indicator for the availability of precipitable water (PW). Data on the frequency of occurrence of Grosswetterlagen atmospheric circulation from 1920–2000 was also used.