Browsing by Author "Rosicki, Remigiusz"
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Item Analiza interesów w polityce bezpieczeństwa energetycznego w UE(Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa w Poznaniu, 2010) Kałążna, Klaudia; Rosicki, RemigiuszEnergy safety constitutes an important issue in UE documents and strategies. Its main interests are liberalizing the energy market, interdependence (through the expansion of connections) and energy solidarity. The liberalizing of the energy market aims to introduce free market mechanisms and competition. The main mechanisms are TPA principle and unbundling. The interdependence is to consist in the expansion of gas and electroenergetic connections among UE members. However, there is much controversy connected with the idea of energy solidarity. It results from different stand among old and new UE members. Energy safety, in general, should be connected with the predictability of energy market which can be achieved by means of a transparent market and cooperation, Such energy security is to be achieved by (1) decreasing energy dependency, (2) decreasing domestic demand for energy and resources, (3) diversification of energy resources, (4) counteracting homogenous energy infrastructure, (5) expansion of connections between countries and regions. The main hypothesis of this thesis is the statement the multidimensional interests and different interest groups influence the shape of energy security policy in UE. The main fields of the analysis of the interests in UE energy policy adopted in this thesis include: global interests, geopolitical interests, the interests of individual member countries and interest of energy markets. However, the interest groups include all of those who influence the shape of UE energy policy. The objective of this thesis is to present the main directions of UE energy security policy development. The analysis in historical, institutional and normative scope has been made. The main trends in the development of the energy security policy have been defined. It concerns normative and technological solutions in UE member counties. A flagging UE energy potential in a global perspective has been pointed out, yet the issue of the dynamics of those processes is still open to dispute.Item Assessment of shale gas potential in Poland (2014)(2014-01-17) Rosicki, RemigiuszItem Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne i ekologiczne na przykładzie węgla brunatnego w Polsce(Fundacja na Rzecz Czystej Energii, 2014) Rosicki, Remigiusz; Gielnik, Anna; Kwiatkiewicz, PiotrThe analysis in the text involves selected aspects of brown coal sector functioning in Poland. The analysis has been made in the context of Poland’s energy security and ecological safety, which seems important due to the need to implement low-emission energy policy. In relation to the sole fact that electricity production relies on coal, Poland will face the need to undertake major sector transformations in the coming 20-30 years. Two main parts of the text focus on the problem of energy security and ecological safety. In the earlier case, brief characteristic of the coal energy sector in Poland has been presented, namely the potential of brown coal, selected economic problems related to functioning of the sector, and orientation of Polish energy policy in this respect. In turn, the problem of ecological safety has been brought down to the impact of mines on the natural environment. Hence, the paper presents selected problems of threats to the natural and anthropogenic environment, as well as threats related to particular phases of energy production from brown coal. Furthermore, the text considers possible measures in the area of reclamation of areas where brown coal sector has been located. *** Przedmiotem analizy w tekście są wybrane aspekty funkcjonowania sektora węgla brunatnego w Polsce. Analiza ta została podjęta w kontekście bezpieczeństwa energetycznego i ekologicznego Polski, co wydaje się istotne, ze względu na konieczność wdrażania niskoemisyjnej polityki energetycznej. W związku z faktem oparcia produkcji energii elektrycznej na węglu w ogóle, Polskę czeka konieczność podjęcia poważnych przekształceń sektorowych w ciągu najbliższych 20-30 lat. Dwie główne części tekstu oparto na problematyce bezpieczeństwa energetycznego i bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego. W pierwszym przypadku przedstawiono krótką charakterystykę węglowego sektora energetycznego w Polsce, tj. potencjał węgla brunatnego, wybrane problemy gospodarcze związane z funkcjonowaniem tego sektora oraz kierunki polskiej polityki energetycznej w tym zakresie. Natomiast problem bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego został sprowadzony do wpływu kopalń na środowisko naturalne. Stąd w pracy przedstawiono wybraną problematykę zagrożeń dla środowiska naturalnego i antropogenicznego, także zagrożenia związane z poszczególnymi etapami produkcji energii pochodzącej z węgla brunatnego. Ponadto, w tekście uwzględniono potencjalne działania w zakresie rekultywacji obszarów, na których został zlokalizowany sektor węgla brunatnego.Item Bezpieczeństwo jądrowe - trendy w polityce energetycznej(WNPiD UAM, 2007) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe issue of nuclear security will be narrowed down to the realm of energy and environmental protection (that is to obtaining and using nuclear energy, as well as treating it as an alternative to other energy sources, including the harmful ones), and to the selected problems of international law (nuclear objects and facilities, fissionablematerial, MAEA security measures). Nuclear energy is treated as a cheap energy source and, primarily, an infinite one when compared to the finite resources of crude oil, natural gas and various forms of coal. Producing and using nuclear energy has its advantages and disadvantages. The former involve the protection of air, ozone layer and climate, the latter – a potential for breakdowns and damage. The opponents of nuclear energy pay particular attention to Chernobyl, which in 1986 witnessed the most dramatic breakdown in the atomic industry, both in terms of its ecological and social impact.Item Biogas, agricultural biogas and biogas plants in Poland - selected statistical and legal aspects(Fundacja na rzecz Czystej Energii (FNCE), 2014) Rosicki, Remigiusz; Rosicki, Grzegorz; Kwiatkiewicz, PiotrPoland’s situation in the years 2012/2013 was far from stable and predictable in terms of legal regulations regarding the energy sector. Negative assessment of the works on necessary changes to the energy law does not refer to the scope of the subject. The scope of the subject of such works was forced by the need to adjust the requirements of the European Union in regards to the functioning of RES market. The prolongation of the works on regulations regarding the energy industry was also due to measures taken by various interest groups who, using this opportunity, attempted to guarantee their privileged "legal position” (RES sector, various types of RES, conventional energy sector). All these elements contributed to lack of the sense of legal stability. The object of analysis in the text is one of the RES sectors, namely the sector of biogas and agricultural biogas. Biogas, agricultural biogas and energy and/or heat obtained from them are not a significant element in the aspect of volume (power installed within RES is 136.3 MW, which constitutes 2.9%). However, attention must be drawn to major development potential of e.g. installations related to agricultural biogas production. The text presents the analysis of: (1) biogas potential in Poland, (2)definition of biogas and agricultural biogas, (3) development opportunities for biogas and agricultural biogas, (4) selected legal problems. The last case focuses on de lege ferenda regulations in the aspect of: (1) business activities involving generation of “energy” and agricultural biogas, (2) connection of RES/biogas installation to the transmission infrastructure. Due to specific dynamics of changes to the works on draft statutes, this part of the text focuses exclusively on signaling the selected legal institutions.Item Chiny i Indie a bezpieczeństwo energetyczne Europy(COS ABW, 2010) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe article will concern the relations between China, India and Europe in respect to their position. The consequence of the economic development especially in China and India is the increase in energy demand. Rich coal resources in China are not enough to satisfy a significant increase in energy demand. For instance, it is thought that the oil import in the next 20-30 years will go up by 50 %. A similar situation can be observed in India. Both countries are searching for solutions to increase their energy security. Surely, such actions do not necessarily correspond with policies of other European countries and UE. On the one hand, there is an impressive economic development of Asian countries, but on the other hand, there is a necessity to meet their demands. Economists claim that Chinese and Asian development exerts a positive influence on world economy but in the context of competition . In case of energy security, as one of the elements of national security, it does not have to have a positive effect. The position of Europe in this respect becomes unstable. It means that Europe and UE countries are one of those entities which queue for natural resources and energy and it does not necessarily mean that they have to be before Asian countries. All this has an influence on, for instance, the development of new energy technologies, searching new sources of natural resources, the increase in energy and resources prices and also on changes in energy structure ( e.g. renewable or nuclear energy).Item Clean and dirty energy cultures in the European Union(WNPiD UAM, 2017) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe object of analysis in the text are “energy cultures” in the member states of the European Union (EU-28). The text attempts to verify the legitimacy of the statements pointing to the possibility of grouping the European Union member states according to a special kind of energy use practices. In order to elaborate the research problem the text features the following research questions: (1) Is it legitimate to claim that within the EU-28 there are special “energy cultures”?, (2) If the claim of the existence of special “energy cultures” is legitimate, what features determine the division among the EU-28 countries? These questions should be associated with the intention to establish the existence of the division of the EU-28 states into “clean” and “dirty” energy cultures. Such a division can be substantiated by individual features of the EU-28 member states, related to energy production, consumption and conversion, e.g. GHG emissions and the commitment to the coal sector. For the adopted premises to be verified, the analysis employed one of the agglomerative methods (i.e. the Ward’s method) and one of the methods for optimising a given group of objects (i.e. the k-means method). Besides, with the aid of individual tests, the differences in the level of parameters between the isolated clusters of countries were analysed. Furthermore, with the aid of the principal component method groups of independent factors were isolated, and the scope of essential differences in the level of the isolated factors between the grouped EU-28 member states was determined.Item Counter-Terrorist Security: the Example of the Special Powers of the Polish Special Services in the Field of Surveillance of Foreign Nationals(2018) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe material scope of the analysis presented in this paper refers to special powers held by the Polish special services with respect to the surveillance of foreign nationals in connection with terrorist threats and terrorist offenses. This paper connects the issue of anti-terrorist measures with the assessment of the effectiveness of the Polish special services and with the assessment of potential social costs, which are related to the increase in the powers held by these services in the field of surveillance of Polish citizens and foreign nationals. The analysis of the powers of the special services focuses on the powers of one of the counterintelligence services, i.e. the Internal Security Agency (Polish: ABW). The purpose of this paper is to indicate the consequences of the introduction of legal changes concerning the powers held by the special services in the scope of applying particular types of surveillance activities (operational-and-intelligence activities). It poses the following research questions: (1) To what extent can mechanisms in Polish law influence the effectiveness of combating terrorism by the Polish special services? (2) To what extent can mechanisms in Polish law in the field of combating terrorism violate the rights and freedoms of Polish citizens and foreign nationals? In order to answer the research questions, the activities and powers of Polish special services were analyzed from a legal and institutional point of view. On the other hand, to analyze legal regulations related to surveillance, the author applied a dogmatic and doctrinal interpretation and a pro-constitutional interpretation of the provisions of criminal law.Item Czarnogóra i Bośnia-Hercegowina (problemy graniczne i etniczne)(2008) Kałążna, Klaudia; Rosicki, RemigiuszItem Development of Social Sciences in Dissertations of Immanuel Wallerstein - Implications for the Theory of International Relations(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe paper presents an analysis of the social science development concept of Immanuel Wallerstein. In general terms we can say that the development of social sciences was based on a process of emancipation of individual subjects of research and validation of research methods. I. Wallerstein drew attention to the process of emancipation of individual disciplines, therefore we can talk about the separation of philosophy, followed by social sciences and, negatively evaluated by I. Wallerstein, applied social sciences. With the constitution of individual disciplines we dealt with the process of polarising methodological positions, which can be roughly described as the concept of two cultures. The text describes the following issues: (1) the directions of emancipation of scientific disciplines, (2) the processes of emancipation of scientific disciplines, (3) the dynamics of changes in social sciences, (4) the effects of changes occurring in sciences. In addition to the main assumptions of I. Wallerstein on science, the text attempts to confront these assumptions with the achievements of T.S. Kuhn, R.K. Merton and C.W. Mills. The aim of the article is to point out the implications for the “theory of international relations” deriving from the general trends in the development of social sciences. This issue has come down to only selected issues of: microscopisation, idealisation, metaphorical use, deformation, transcendentalisation, fictionalisation and fetishisation of notions in the “theory of international relations”. The aim of the article is to point out the implications for the theory of international relations deriving from the general trends in the development of social sciences. This issue is presented by focussing on selected questions of: microscopisation, idealisation, methaporical use, deformation, fictionalisation and fetishisation of notions in the theory of international relations.Item Energetyka wiatrowa w Polsce – możliwości rozwoju i zagrożenia(Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa w Poznaniu, 2013-03) Gielnik, Anna; Rosicki, RemigiuszThe article presents the issues of wind energy on the example of Poland, an overview of the opportunities of development and barriers. The thesis provides an analysis of: (1) the potential of wind energy development in Poland, (2) the impact of climate and energy package on the energy sector, (3) regulatory obstacles to the development of wind energy in Poland, (4) environmental hazards associated with wind power, (5) risks for anthropogenic environment connected with wind energy.Item Energy Cultures in the European Union(WNPiDz UAM, 2016) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe main objective of the text is to present an analysis that points to the existence of special “energy cultures” in the European Union. The comparative analysis encompassing the results of previous research into “energy cultures” employs statistical methods, i.e. a cluster analysis (Ward’s clustering method and k-means clustering method). The main sections of the text address: (1) the concept and examples of “energy cultures,” (2) a methodology of analysis, (3) a selection of indexes characterising “energy cultures,” (4) an attempt at grouping the European Union member states with the aid of clustering, (5) conclusions. With a view to making the research problem more specific, the present text features the following questions: (1) Is the claim that the European Union manifests special “energy cultures” legitimate?, (2) Did the decade of 2001-2011 witness changes in the field of the European Union “energy cultures,” as earlier recognised by the literature?Item Energy security cultures in the European Union(WNPiD UAM, 2017) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe research problem under analysis in this text is ‘energy security cultures’ in the European Union. The main goal of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis involving selected existing research papers on ‘energy cultures.’ In the analysis, attention is drawn to research employing quantitative methods based on object clustering methods. Given the necessity to make the research problem more specific, the text addresses the following research questions: (1) Is the claim that the European Union presents special ‘energy security cultures’ legitimate?, (2) Did the period of 2008-2012 witness changes to the above-established ‘energy security cultures’ in the European Union? In order to conduct the analysis concerned with the existence or non-existence of ‘energy security cultures’ in the European Union, the following indices have been adopted: (1) the index of the energy intensity of the economy, (2) the index of energy dependence, (3) the Stirling index, (4) the index of network losses and (5) the index of renewable energy use. It is considered that the selected indices constitute a definiens of the adopted term of an ‘energy security culture.’ To verify the assumptions made in the analysis, use was made of one agglomerative method (i.e. Ward’s method) and one method for optimising a given cluster of objects (the k-means method).Item Energy Transition and Transformation. The World, the European Union and Poland(Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 2019) Rosicki, RemigiuszItem Energy transition in the European Union – institutional and legal factors(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2023) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe subject of the research problem addressed in the article concerns the importance of institutional and legal (or, more broadly, political) factors of energy transition in the European Union. Following Aleh Cherp and his team, political factors are understood as state objectives, political interests and institutional capabilities and factors of other types. All of them, as a whole, enter into a relationship with other factors, such as socio-technical and techno-economic ones. Referring to F. W. Geels, the European Union can be defined as a kind of socio-technical regime (energy regime), responsive to internal or external threats or adverse events. The main purpose of the analysis is to present the relationship between the institutional and legal, socio-technical, and techno-economic factors. In order to specify the research problem, the research question has been posed of the extent to which institutional and legal factors affect energy transition in the European Union. To answer this question, the analysis relies on the theoretical aspects of energy transition studies, the institutional and legal approach and secondary statistical data. Zakres przedmiotowy problemu badawczego tekstu dotyczy znaczenia czynników instytucjonalno-prawnych, szerzej ujmowanych jako polityczne, transformacji energetycznej w Unii Europejskiej. Przez „czynniki polityczne” rozumie się – za A. Cherpem i zespołem – cele państwowe, interesy polityczne oraz możliwości instytucjonalne i czynniki innego typu. Wszystkie one, jako całość, pozostają w relacji z innymi, do których należy zaliczyć: społeczno-techniczne i techniczno-ekonomiczne. Z kolei za F. W. Geelsem Unię Europejską można określić mianem swoistego reżimu społeczno-technologicznego (reżimu energetycznego), responsywnego wobec wewnętrznych lub zewnętrznych zagrożeń albo zdarzeń niepożądanych. Głównym celem analizy jest prezentacja relacji, jaka występuje między czynnikami: instytucjonalno-prawnym i społeczno-technologicznym oraz techniczno-ekonomicznym. W celu uszczegółowienia zakresu przedmiotowego problemu badawczego w tekście wskazano następujące pytanie badawcze: „W jakim stopniu czynniki instytucjonalno-prawne wpływają na transformację energetyczną w Unii Europejskiej?”. Aby odpowiedzieć na to pytanie, analizę w tekście oparto na teoretycznych aspektach studiów nad transformacją energetyczną, ujęciu instytucjonalno-prawnym oraz wtórnych danych statystycznych.Item Espionage against Poland in the Documents and Analyses of the Polish Special Services (1944 - 1989) - as Illustrated by the Intelligence Activities of the USA(WNPiDz UAM, 2016) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe text is treats of the espionage against Poland in the period 1944-1989. The above analysis has been supplemented with the quantitative data from the period 1944-1984 as regards those convicted for participating in, acting for, and passing on information to the foreign intelligence agencies. The espionage issues were presented on the example of the American intelligence activity, which was illustrated by the cases of persons who were convicted for espionage. While examining the research thesis, the author used the documents and analyses prepared by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which were in its major part addressed to the Security Service and the Citizens’ Militia officers. The author made an attempt at the verification of the following research hypotheses: (1) to what extent did the character of the socio-political system influence the number of persons convicted for espionage against Poland in the period under examination (1944-1989)?, (2) what was the level of foreign intelligence services’ interest in Poland before the year 1990?, (3) is it possible to indicate the specificity of the U.S. intelligence activity against Poland?Item Europejska polityka energetyczna - między solidaryzmem a egoizmem(INPiD UAM, 2007) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe article focuses on the European energy politics (incl. EU politics), particularly on the question of energy solidarity which is opposed to egoistic political actions. The energy solidarity which is a subsequent factor, which can reinforce the energy security, i.e., most of all, the decrease in energy dependence, decrease in inner demand for energy, diversification of energy resources, as well as counteracting energy ,,mono culture". The article presents the main trends in EU energy policy, i.e.: competitiveness, diversity in energy forms, solidarity, security of energy and raw material supply, stable development, innovations and new technologies, common foreign policy, market reform, renewable energy, energy productivity, energy security, crisis counteracting. The article also refers to the ambiguity of the concepts of energy solidarity and energy security. In order to identify these notions and the very EU energy policy, the analysis of key documents regarding energy policy has been presented (the basis are the so called “energy green papers”), as well as the analysis of countries' actions, which in common perception are referred to as ,,political”. The article determines major problems concerning EU energy policy, which, among others, relate to: the multitude of businesses of EU members, bilateralness of relations between some of the member countries and raw material suppliers (eg. Russia), lack of uniform foreign policy (which also influences the formation of EU energy security), treatment of energy security from the national perspective, different structures of energy markets in the EU Member States, occurrence on the energy market of the private subjects realizing their own policy, technological differences in power infrastructure of the EU Member States.Item Information and anti-terrorist security of Poland. A critical analysis exemplified with the tasks and activity of the Internal Security Agency(Instytut Nauk Politycznych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2015) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe subject matter of the analysis conducted in the text is information and anti-terrorist security of Poland, which has been presented within the context of a clash between two spheres – the state and the private sphere. Furthermore, the issues of security have been supplemented with a description of the tasks and activity of the Internal Security Agency, as well as a synthetic appraisal of a terrorist threat to Poland. The main parts of this work are concerned with: (1) the state and the private sphere, (2) " terrorism " and terrorist offences, (3) the tasks and activity of the Internal Security Agency, (4) an appraisal of a terrorist threat to Poland. Given the necessity to elaborate the research problem, the text features the following research questions: (1) To what extent does referring to a threat to security influence a limitation on rights and freedoms in Poland (with regard to the clash between the state and the private sphere)?, (2) To what extent do the tasks and activity of the Internal Security Agency influence the effectiveness of anti-terrorist security in Poland?Item Information Security as Exemplified by Clandestine Collaboration and Influence Exerted by the Polish Internal Security Agency Officers on Journalists - De Lege Lata and De Lege Ferenda Regulations(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2014) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe text addresses the issue of information security as exemplified by clandestine collaboration and the influence exerted by the Internal Security Agency officers upon journalists. The texts analyzes the de lege lata regulations as well as the de lege ferenda ones. As for the former, the penal provisions of the Act, that is Articles 153b–153d (Chapter 10a) are applicable, whereas as for the latter, the applicable regulations are the 2013 Bill Articles numbered 197-199 (Chapter 10). In both the 2002 Act on the Internal Security Agency and Foreign Intelligence Agency as well as in the 2013 draft Bill of the Internal Security Agency, the legislator penalizes the employment by the officers of the information acquired while fulfilling or in connection with official duties for the purpose of affecting the operation of public authority bodies, entrepreneurs or broadcasters, editors-in-chief, journalists and persons conducting publishing activity. Also, the text analyzes regulations concerned with the penalization of clandestine collaboration engaged in by ABW officers with a broadcaster, editor-in-chief, a journalist and a person conducting publishing activity.Item Information security as exemplified by the crime of espionage in the Polish and Swedish criminal law(Instytut Nauk Politycznych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2018) Rosicki, RemigiuszThe objective scope of the analysis contained in the text concerns legal solutions to penalisation of the crime of espionage with regard to information security. As the main goal, the text performs an analysis of the crime of espionage in the Polish substantive penal regulations, including a comparative analysis of corresponding Swedish substantive penal regulations. In order to elaborate the research problem, the text addresses the following research questions: (1) To what degree do the legal solutions concerned with the penalisation of the crime of espionage provide effective prosecution and combating of this type of crime? (2) What changes in the scope of legal solutions penalising the acts of espionage can be proposed? While the analysis contained in the text is for the most part a dogmatic and doctrinal approach, a comparative interpretation (with regard to substantive penal regulations penalising the crime of espionage in Poland and Sweden), as well as teleological and functional interpretations (with a view to reinterpreting selected, established or debated doctrinal approaches) are also applied.