Przegląd Prawa Rolnego, 2015 Nr 1 (16)
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Item Prawne uwarunkowania uzyskania wsparcia na prowadzenie agroturystyki z Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 2014-2020(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Kapała, AnnaThe deliberations presented in the paper aim to establish whether and to what extent support can be offered under the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 to farmers planning or already engaged in agritourism. The categorisation of different types of agritourist activity provided in the Programme has been analysed. Regulation (EU)1305/2013 does not provide for any special support for agritourism, but only a business start-up aid (Article 19.1.a) or for investments and creation of non-agricultural activi-ties (Article 19.1.b). It leaves the decision of detailed criteria qualifying for the support to Member States, but makes no mention of the role of agritourism in the development of rural areas, as business conducted alongside ordinary agricultural activity, excluded from the scope of the Act on Freedom of Business Activity.Item Przegląd piśmiennictwa - Janina Ciechanowicz-McLean, Prawo ochrony i zarządzania środowiskiem, Wydawnictwo Difin, Warszawa 2015, ss. 218.(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Goździewicz-Biechońska, Justyna (rec.)Item Cuestiones de Derecho mercantil español en el sector agroalimentario. Especial referencia a la publicidad y la competencia desleal(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Vázquez Ruano, TrinidadThe conflict of interests arising from the existence of legal norms guaranteeing consumers access to food product information and regulations requiring proper labelling of food products marketed within the European Union is discussed. While food producers tend to restrict information of the product if it might discourage consumers from buying it, consumers want to be given information on the ingredients of the food they buy. Customers in Spain are protected by the existing legal regulations against unfair practices of food producers, but the conclusion of the discussion presented in the paper is that current regulations are insufficient and fail to efficiently stop agricultural and food producers from breaching the law in that matter.Item Wpływ polityki i prawa Unii Europejskiej na rozwój spółdzielni rolniczych w wybranych krajach członkowskich(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Suchoń, AnetaThe paper aims to establish the direction of development of agricultural cooperatives in selected Member States, having regard to EU policies and European Union law. The conclusions of the deliberations point to the impact of EU law and EU policies, including the Common Agricultural Policy and its special role in the development of cooperatives. It is also emphasised that cooperatives are among those instruments with which EU policies and law are implemented. A special role is also played by cooperatives operating in the agricultural sector as they engage in regional development, environmental protection, renewable sources of energy and various social matters. In the authoress’ opinion, domestic legislations on agricultural cooperatives in Member States such as France, Italy, or Germany, have been largely shaped by the tradition of the cooperative movement, but also by relevant EU policies and EU law.Item Aktywny rolnik – nowy beneficjent wsparcia bezpośredniego w ramach WPR(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Litwiniuk, PrzemysławFrom 2015 onwards, there will be a new legal category – ‘an active farmer’ defined in the regulations developed under the Common Agricultural Policy. The establishment of that concept and its definition aims to restrict access to direct payments and certain other payments available under the Rural Development Programme funds. A farmer undertaking an agricultural activity on at least one hectare of agricultural land will no longer, under the new regulation, be eligible for payment if he also undertakes another business activity and fails to demonstrate that that activity is of marginal proportion, or that his main activity is indeed agricultural activity. These changes should be positively assessed as the existing system of payments from EU funds enabled automatic payments to entities who were not intended to be beneficiaries, such as national parks, recreational grounds, flying clubs, hunting clubs, schools etc.Item Gospodarstwa rodzinne w systemie obrotu nieruchomościami rolnymi w Polsce(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Gajewska, Elżbieta; Iwaszkiewicz, PiotrThe article presents a family farm as a key legal institution when it comes to the trad-ing in agricultural property in Poland. An analysis of the regulations of the law of 11 April 2003 on the shaping of the agricultural regime shows that the normative construction of a family farm lacks coherence and does not serve implementation of the goals identified in the act. What is more, the construction of the concept and the elements that form the subjectivity of a family farm (an individual farmer) and its objectivity (and in particular the minimal area size of 1 ha) fail to provide a guarantee that focus will be put on farms with the most effective form of management, which ensure and maintain a source of fair income for a family of farmers. The same will also be true of the property from the Agricultural Property Resources of the State Treasury.Item Wokół prawnego pojęcia żywności(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Leśkiewicz, KatarzynaAn attempt has been made in the paper to identify certain common elements, if any, found in the legal concepts of food and an agricultural produce. An analysis of different interpretations of food in judicial decisions of the Polish administrative courts has identified some controversies regarding the notion of food. Of particular practical difficulty seems to be assigning particular types of food to food categories in the meaning provided in Regulation (EC) 172/2002. Administrative bodies applying food law sometimes take a view that the nutrition value of a product is a determining criterion deciding whether a given product is food. Likewise consumers also expect food to provide beneficial effects on the organism, when eaten, while from the legal point of view food need not have a nutritional value to pass as food. In consequence, there are many different preparations may be and are considered food despite the fact that they do not contain any nutritive value.Item Dylematy spółdzielczej formy gospodarowania w polskim rolnictwie i na obszarach wiejskich w świetle potrzeb i możliwości jej rozwoju(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Czternasty, WaldemarThe cooperative sector in Poland is currently undergoing advancing marginalisation, resulting in recurring identity, efficiency and environmental crises. The author claims that from the macroeconomic point of view as well as from the point of view of advantages to agricultural holdings and local communities, is will be absolutely necessary to develop a form of group management focused on the economic and social aspect of the agricultural sector and rural areas. This development must be correlated with an ‘update’ of certain principles and values of the cooperative movement, which arise from the needs of a devel-oped market economy. The idea of cooperative property, the necessary changes in the con-cept of cooperative membership, and implementation of a system of better access to equity require particular attention. Cooperatives will have to adopt a more business approach when operating in a market economy to become more competitive and efficient. This change will determine the economic and social function of cooperatives and is in line with the interest of its members.Item „Revue de Droit Rural” Daniel Gadbin, Loi d’Avenir et droit rural européen: vers une symbiose (Rozwój prawa a europejskie prawo rolne: droga ku symbiozie), RDR 2015, nr 430, s. 1-2.(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Gadkowski, Aleksander (oprac.)Item Polska bibliografia prawnorolna za rok 2014(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Łobos-Kotowska, Dorota (oprac.); Stańko, Marek (oprac.)Item System handlu uprawnieniami do emisji gazów cieplarnianych jako forma reglamentacji produkcji rolnej(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Zieliński, AdamThe paper aims to establish the legal framework of the regulation of agricultural production implemented to combat climate change. An attempt is also made to settle numer-ous doubts arising from the implementation by public administration bodies of the obligation of participating in the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the EU community. The European Union soft law and the political announcements herald further international commitments that Poland will make to reduce greenhouse gases emission. These will certainly have an impact on agricultural production, and will require separate regulations that will account for its specific character. It is postulated that the extension of the European Union Emissions Trading System on the agricultural sector should account for the fundamental principles of the agricultural regime. Pursuant to the provisions of the basic law of a number of EU Member States including Poland, family farms have already been granted a special legal status, and that status should be extended on the greenhouse gas emissions allowance trading system as well.Item Unidad de mercado y descentralización territorial en el sector agroalimentario español: la incidencia de la Ley 20/2013, de 9 de diciembre(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Carbonell Porras, EloísaThe competencies regarding agriculture in Spain have been divided between the state and autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas), the largest units of territorial division. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 does not make any direct reference to agriculture as a branch of economy not regulated by the state, but it provides that competencies regarding matters related to agriculture and breeding animals may be taken over by autonomous communities. Despite the apparent absence of an explicit regulation separating the competences of the state and autonomous communities, the opinion presented in the paper is that conflict situations are infrequent and if they do occur, all disputes are settled by the Constitutional Tribunal.Item Item Christian Busse, Das Auslaufen der EU – Milchquotenregelung zum Milchquotenjahr 2014/2015 (Zakończenie stosowania zasady regulacji kwot mlecznych w Unii Europejskiej w roku 2014/2015), AUR 2015, nr 1, s. 10-21.(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Marcinkowski, Michał (oprac.)Item Sprawozdania i informacje - Niemiecko-polskie kolokwium „Żywność w nowoczesnym społeczeństwie konsumpcyjnym” („Lebensmittel in der modernen Konsumgesellschaft”) Słubice, 22-23 stycznia 2015 r.(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Sokołowski, Łukasz MikołajItem Z prawnej problematyki dobrostanu zwierząt gospodarskich(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Lipińska, IzabelaThe article tackles the issue of farm animals welfare as a constituent factor of animal health protection and an important element of proper management of agricultural production. The starting point for the deliberations is an assumption that each animal is capable of the feeling of suffering and should therefore be treated in a proper way, relevant to its spe-cies and race. In the authoress’ opinion the current legislation ensures animal welfare and covers in a comprehensive manner all respective issues starting from animal maintenance at a farm, through the transporting of animals, to the conditions of their slaughter. Further simplification and harmonisation of the existing legislative norms is nevertheless necessary, as well as formulation of clear principles of support to farmers who satisfy the basic requirements of animal welfare, and to those who maintain standards even higher than prescribed.Item Wsparcie działalności rolniczej na obszarach Natura 2000 w świetle Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej UE(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Goździewicz-Biechońska, JustynaThe paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the CAP 2014-2010 instruments for the purposes of nature protection under the European Ecological Network Natura 2000. Thus it seeks to answer the question to what extent the financial instruments available under the CAP stimulate agricultural management conducted in compliance with the protective purposes of Natura 2000. These instruments seem to play an important role in agricultural areas. In particular, they help to weaken the negative tendencies resulting from the loss biological diversity. However, due to the nature of the above phenomena and insuffi-cient means of their measurement, an accurate assessment of their influence is impossible to achieve. Agricultural holdings located within Natura 2000 territory, especially those occupying small, marginal areas will particularly benefit from the financial support provided under pillar I of the CAP, while pillar II payments will be streamlined to support proper management of habitats and species. A special role will be attached to agricultural, environmental and climatic activities. And yet, despite the emphasis on the ecological aspect of this policy, spectacular landmark effects resulting from this new perspective of CAP 2014-2020 should not be expected.Item Zaopatrzeniowy czy ubezpieczeniowy charakter rolniczego ubezpieczenia społecznego?(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Puślecki, DamianThe aim of the paper is to answer the question whether, and if yes, to what extent the farmers’ social insurance should maintain its supply character. With this in mind, the prin-ciples underlying farmers’ social insurance, its main functions as well as the principle of its financing taking into account the idea of social solidarity are shown and analysed. It is concluded that the decision to include farmers into the same system of collection of social insurance premiums developed in the transformation period when agriculture found itself in a very difficult situation was of supply nature. From today’s perspective it may be said that the decision was justified and today’s national budget is less burdened and the situation of the insured farmers improved, although it must continue to improve to increase the quality of their welfare. The insured must also participate to a higher degree in the financing of their insurance, which now is also of insurance character. However, farmers in Poland are unable to finance the entire system of agricultural social insurance and its proper implementation; therefore expected results may not be possible to achieve without support from the national budget.Item Przegląd orzecznictwa - Wybrane tezy orzeczeń w sprawach rolnych(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015) Łobos-Kotowska, Dorota (oprac.); Stańko, Marek (oprac.); Bartosz, Klaudia (oprac.)