Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 2007, nr 3

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    PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Zbaraszewska, Anna
    Jan Białocerkiewicz, Status prawny zwierząt. Prawa zwierząt czy prawna ochrona zwierząt, Wydawnictwo TNOiK Dom Organizatora, Toruń 2005, ss. 319. „
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    PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Orczyk, Józef
    Employment Relations in a Changing Society. Assessing the Post-Fordist Paradigm, redakcja L. E. Alonso, M. M. Lucio, Paigrave Macmillan, Houndmills 2006, ss. 232.
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    WYBRANE PROBLEMY GIEŁDOWEGO OBROTU TOWAROWEGO W KONTEKŚCIE AKTUALNYCH WYPOWIEDZI DOKTRYNALNYCH
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Zacharzewski, Konrad
    Recenzja
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    O SPORNYM PROBLEMIE WŁAŚCIWOŚCI TRYBUNAŁU STANU W ZAKRESIE POCIĄGANIA DO ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI KARNEJ CZŁONKÓW RADY MINISTRÓW
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Janusz-Pohl, Barbara
    The starting point of the deliberations of the paper is a critical analysis of the main theses o f the decision of the State Tribunal of 21 February 2001 in which the Tribunal held that members of the Council of Ministers may be held by the State Tribunal criminally responsible only in the event where such criminal responsibility relates to (is connected with) constitutional liability. In particular article 156 clause 1 and article 145 of Poland’s Constitution have been analysed and interpreted. It has been found that article 156 clause 1 plays the key role here, as it contains three independent and unrelated to each other grounds for holding members of the Council of Ministers criminally responsible by the State Tribunal. Further, the following has been established: 1) Members o f the Council o f Ministers may be held criminally responsible by the State Tribunal only in relation to offences committed when in office. This results from the fact that the immunity protecting them is of functional character, being at the same time only partial immunity (in respect of crimes committed in connection with the function performed). 2) Criminal responsibility o f members of the Council of Ministers after their term of office may only be determined i f criminal proceedings were commenced when a member was still in office. 3) The State Tribunal limits jurisdiction of common criminal courts of law. 4) In respect of the provisions laid down in articles 17 para 1 point 8 of the code o f criminal procedure it is recognised that the State Tribunal enjoys a specific characteristic (right) and consequently its competences to adjudicate about criminal responsibility of certain subjects shall correlate with the institution of jurisdictional immunity from criminal jurisdiction of common courts of law. 5) In consequence of the above, the immunity of the Prime Minister and other members of the Council of Ministers is a jurisdictional immunity, functional, partial and temporary.
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    SYSTEMY MIĘDZYNARODOWEGO PRAWA UPADŁOŚCIOWEGO
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Prusak, Błażej
    The dynamically increasing number of transnational corporations in the global economy determines, especially in crisis periods, the rise in the number of transnational bankruptcies. Recently there have been a number of spectacular transnational bankruptcies such as: Parmalat, Yukos, Daewoo. As a result, this issue attracts interests of both practitioners and theory makers. This paper presents five bankruptcy system proposals (universalism, territorialism, cooperative territoriality, modified universalism and Rasmussen’s corporate-charter contractualism). The author has conducted a comparative analysis o f the above mentioned systems showing their advantages and disadvantages and presented their implementation in practice.
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    PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Surówka, Krzysztof
    Justyna Rój, Jan Sobiech, Zarządzanie finansami szpitala, Wolters Kluwer Polska, Spółka z o.o., Warszawa 2006, ss. 236.
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    MODELE ZADŁUŻENIA PUBLICZNEGO ODWOŁUJĄCE SIĘ DO TYPU INSTYTUCJI POLITYCZNYCH
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Babczuk, Arkadiusz
    The paper presents models o f public debt where their level and dynamics is related to different national political institutions. These institutions may influence public choices of political decision-makers and the character o f their interactions. Differences between national political institutions in different countries may explain cross-country differences in budget deficits and public debt. The paper surveys a number of models, including models of fragmented governments, the common pool model, or model of geographically dispersed interests.
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    ROZUMOWANIE MORALNE NIELETNICH PRZESTĘPCÓW
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Groth, Jarosław
    The paper is devoted to the subject of moral reasoning o f juvenile delinquents. The data collected from a sample of male adolescents indicate that there is a difference in morality between juvenile delinquents and their non-delinquent peers. They also reveal a diversity in the group of delinquents. The paper presents three clusters of persons that differ in the way of their moral reasoning. It also contains a brief overview of the cognitive-developmental theory of moral reasoning and J. Reste’s model of the stages of development o f morality that constitute the theoretical background of the presented research.
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    PROBLEM DOPUSZCZANIA PRZEZ SĄD DOWODÓW Z URZĘDU W POSTĘPOWANIU CYWILNYM
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Knoppek, Krzysztof
    The paper is focused on the still controversial issue of the courts of the first and second instance admitting or deciding not to admit ex officio evidence. This issue has become even more problematic after the amendments o f the code o f civil proceedings commenced in 1996. The judicial decisions of the last years have demonstrated an opinion that it is in the courts discretion to decide whether ex-officio evidence should be admitted, and such a decision should be made such evidence has been deemed necessary in a given case. In my opinion this position is wrong and contrary to the current legal order. The admissibility of ex officio evidence by the court should be indeed exceptional and reserved to those very rare situations in which the legally protected goods play a role, or where the courts’ decision is prompted by a relevant special regulation. Generally, however, admitting ex officio evidence may infringe the principle of the equal treatment of the parties, and the principle o f independence and impartiality of the courts adjudicating in civil matters.
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    ODDZIAŁYWANIE POLITYKI FISKALNEJ NA PRZEDSIĘBIORCZOŚĆ NA PRZYKŁADZIE GOSPODARKI POLSKIEJ
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Gaweł, Aleksandra
    Although studies on entrepreneurship are conducted outside the main trend of economics, it is generally believed that entrepreneurial activity is a factor fostering economic development. Declarations of entrepreneurship stimulation are frequently formulated by politicians but in case of the lack of a comprehensive homogeneous theory of entrepreneurship, it is essential to show the political tools which influence entrepreneurship. This is the main aim of the paper. The research has shown that budget revenues have a stronger influence on entrepreneurship than budget expenditures. While entrepreneurs negatively react to budget revenues from indirect taxes and corporate income tax, an increase in budget revenues from personal income tax has a positive influence on entrepreneurship. At the same time budget expenditures on national insurance and investments negatively shape the rate of proper entrepreneurs. The rate of quasi-entrepreneurs, however, is negatively influenced by budget expenditures on national insurance influence, but positively by the budget expenditures on investments. The results of the analysis allow us to recommend a policy of reducing fiscal charges, and direct taxes and corporate income tax in particular, as a tool of stimulating entrepreneurial activity.
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    W SPRAWIE SYTUACJI PRAWNEJ CZŁONKÓW KORPUSU SŁUŻBY CYWILNEJ NA PODSTAWIE PRZEPISÓW USTAWY O SŁUŻBIE CYWILNEJ Z 2006 R.
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Samol, Sebastian
    The paper focuses on the conditions o f employment of civil servants under the new regulations and provisions of the Act on civil service of 24 August 2006 (Dz. U. No 170, item 1218). The author analyses the new provisions and their impact on the conditions of employment in civil service, the rights and duties of civil servants, the rules governing remuneration of civil servants and their disciplinary liability, as well as the constitutionality o f the provisions of the Act on civil service 2006. The above analysis constitutes the grounds upon which conclusions about the change of the legal status of that employees’ group are drawn.
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    IMMUNITET JURYSDYKCYJNY ORGANIZACJI MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH A IMMUNITET ICH FUNKCJONARIUSZY
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Augustyniak, Łukasz
    International organizations play a very important role in the modern society. To ensure their proper functioning on the level of domestic law, they are granted various privileges and immunities which are included in different sources o f international law. However, it is not undisputable whether international customary law has been developed in this area. The legal form o f the immunity performs the key role in defending the organization’s rights before national courts. Contrary to state immunity, immunity o f international organizations has a wider scope. Many authors do not agree with this interpretation and are of the opinion that it needs to be restricted in some way. Furthermore, in certain specific situations, for example when a person has suffered damage from the organization and an alternative settlement of the dispute is not available, human rights, and in particular the right of access to courts, may be infringed. Sometimes it may be easier to sue officials of international organizations rather than the organization itself because the immunity that protects them is strictly functional. However, it is still difficult to draw a clear line between their official and non-official acts. The legal situation of those who work for international organizations in Polish law is rather complicated and not always consistent with international regulations. This may cause various problems in the interpretation of the applicable law. It is worth mentioning that in numerous cases it is not possible to apply the reciprocity rule to the relations between a state and an international organization.
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    OCHRONA EMBRIONÓW W PRAWIE MIĘDZYNARODOWYM I EUROPEJSKIM
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Bosek, Leszek
    The paper focuses on the international standards of human embryo protection, with special emphasis on the European standards. The analysis of the issue has demonstrated that the underlying factor of the protection of embryos is the principle of human dignity. The international regulations are based on the assumption that dignity is attributable to each human being, member of the human kind, also ex utero. Polish bioethical regulations are extremely fragmentary and do not provide satisfactory protection of embryos, not even in instances identified in international law. In particular, leaving the IVF sphere outside the governing laws in Poland leads to a question whether Polish laws are not in breach of Directive 2004/23/EEC and Directive 17/EC. Those Directives set out requirements that must be complied with when embryos and gametes are taken and stored, as well as supervision of the prescribed procedures and possible sanctions where those provisions are infringed.
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    TYTUŁ PRAWNY, POSIADANIE, KORZYSTANIE - KONTROWERSJE WOKÓŁ SOCJOLOGICZNEJ TEORII WŁASNOŚCI
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Pluciński, Przemysław
    Recenzja
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    RYZYKO I ZAUFANIE JAKO CZYNNIKI ROZWOJU MAŁYCH I ŚREDNICH PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW PRYWATNYCH
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Skrobacki, Radosław
    The paper is an attempt to determine the relation between risk and trust and its influence on how contracts are entered into by small and medium-sized private companies today, in the area divided into the “old” and “new” economy. Both phenomena are treated as the basis on which a factor qualitatively separate from their direct total is constructed, whose specifics is then related to the necessity of commencing business in full readiness for relation-based contracts, a situation which the current market seems be prefer. These deliberations are carried out on the theoretical background of A. Gidden’s stratification model of the acting agent and the behavioural assumptions of O. E. Williamson’s transaction cost economics, and are focused on a contract as a phenomenon with consequences reaching much further than would have transpired from a mere analysis o f its contents. Such an approach allows to analyse also the social, and not only the formal impact of the practices used in the sector of small and medium-sized private companies, while the very importance, or meaning of risk and trust and their mutual derives from the impossibility to determine all the conditions and consequences resulting from business transactions concluded by those companies. Pointing out to the differences of transaction costs arising from different types of relations between risk and trust and, basing on his own research, the author describes selected similarities and differences between the representatives of the “old” and “new” economy operating in the sector of small and medium-sized private companies in respect o f two issues: the similarity in their of financial credibility of a contract depending on the ownership structure of business partners (here, distinctions are made between state-owned enterprises and private companies, which are divided further foreign companies operating in Poland, foreign companies operating abroad and Polish private companies) and the differences arising from the different character of business relations between companies operating in the same sector, in which the “old” economy demonstrates actual forms of co-operation with competitors, whereas the “new” economy limits itself to declaratory co-operation only.
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    REGIONALNE ZRÓŻNICOWANIE EFEKTYWNOŚCI AKTYWNYCH PROGRAMÓW RYNKU PRACY W POLSCE
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Reichelt, Anna
    This paper has been written on the basis o f compulsory statistical reports prepared by Polish labour offices and presents various forms of activation of the unemployed, their efficiency and the funds spent on realisation of those activities. The effectiveness o f active labour market programmes has been going down since 2001. One o f the reasons of that situation is the difference in the structural and economic development of regions in Poland. Analyses of the differences in the effectiveness of active labour market programmes (ALMP) in Polish regions show that those differences have their origin in historic and geographic determinants. The effectiveness of ALMP in counties (powiat) depends on their location. Those near large urban agglomerations achieve better employment results upon completion of an active labour market programme than those farther from large cities or in rural areas. Areas with high demand for work and with readily available qualified human resources are more attractive to potential enterprises. To increase the effectiveness of ALMP it will be necessary to change the social and economic environment and reduce the cost o f labour, to adapt the education and professional training to the needs of the labour market, and to eliminate the differences in economic and structural development of Polish regions.
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    NEKROLOGII. WSPOMNIENIE O PROFESORZE KAROLU MARIANIE POSPIESZALSKIM
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Kędzia, Zdzisław
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    PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Deszczyński, Przemysław
    Piotr Andrzejewski, Wiesław Kot, Medialne public relations, Wydawnictwo Forum Naukowe, Poznań 2006, ss. 227.
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    PARADYGMAT KLARYFIKACYJNY CZY DERYWACYJNY - SPÓR O PRYMAT W POLSKIEJ KULTURZE PRAWNEJ
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Kondratko, Łukasz
    Recenzja