Studia Romanica Posnaniensia, 2000, vol. 25/26
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Item Analyse conversationnelle et didactique de la traduction(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Stefanink, BerndThe analysis of conversations held by two or more students negotiating a joint version of a translation has an important didactic value. It enables the teacher to work on the translational behavior of the students instead of merely limiting her/his activity to the correction of diverse grammar and semantic mistakes. The confrontation with their own translation procedures heightens the students’ awareness of what it really means to translate. In many cases it leads to a catharsis which in turn motivates the students to study the different factors involved in the translation process. On a larger scale, conversational analysis provides the teacher with a sound basis on which to structure a translation course and organize a syllabus.Item Formy skrócone rzeczowników francuskich oznaczających osoby(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Gajos, MieczysławThe author o f this article deals with the problems of “abbreviated forms” in French, emphasising the role which this type of lexical units performs in communication. Their detailed typology, mechanisms which are their foundation and their functioning in language are performed. In his conclusion the author postulates that this kind of lexical units should be taken into consideration more comprehensively than it has been so far.Item Al torno de los conceptos del realismo mágico y lo real maravilloso - intento de diferenciación(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Charchalis, WojciechThe article presents some notes about the nature of the magic realism that can become useful to formulate a homogeneous definition of the concept. The basic differences between the concepts of magic realism and “lo real maravilloso” of Alejo Carpentier are also exposed. Those terms are frequently erroneously equalled by the critics which generates a terminological confusion that should be cleared. The magic realism is presented as an aesthetic term whereas “lo real maravilloso” is considered as an ontological term, which constitutes the main difference between them.Item Médiation et mise en scène de Vinformation dans le discours de vulgarization scientifique(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Sabban, AnnetteThe present study examines texts about computer viruses from French, Spanish and German popular scientific journals. The first part of the paper shows how these texts make systematic use of concepts and expressions drawn from other domains of discourse. The second part of the paper focusses on a subgroup of the linguistic means employed, i.e. metaphorical expressions, and discusses their functions in the texts under discussion. These functions can be assigned to two groups, in that they either mediate new information or make the message more effective on the rhetorical level. The paper concludes with a discussion of some writer strategies used for activating other semantic domains as a prerequisite for achieving a particular rhetorical effect.Item La notion de modèle de discours appliquée à la traduction(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Bocquet, ClaudeThe author makes an attempt at determining how much and to what an extent various types of discourse and their characteristics have, or should have, an influence on the process of translation. In the text it is shown in what way the medical discourse historically had an influence on the modern French in the field of economics. In order to draw conclusions concerning translation of this type of texts this kind of special French is compared with the German and Italian language of economics.Item Albert Camus, écrivain français d’Algérie(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Stępniak, MariaThis study is about the Algerianity of Albert Camus, the greatest French writer of Algeria. The topic tackled has three aspects: Algeria as source of work, Camus’s Algerian political philosophy and the deterioration of his relationships with the native Algerian writers. The authoress leads to the following thesis: Albert Camus inscribes himself into the history of North African literature at the decline of the colonial age. His work is situated between a French colonial literature and one of the Algerians, founders of a national literature. Anticolonialist but opposed to the independence of Algeria, Albert Camus was overtaken by the revolution in motion. Camus’s double identity within the context of the Algerian war condemned him to becoming a stranger in his two countries. The drama of his separation fiom the Mother Algeria turned to tragedy with his premature and absurd death. The message of Albert Camus, an agnostic and moralist writer, remains alive. The author of The insurgent man encourages to overtake the absurdity of the human condition by man’s own strengths. Albert Camus, the Algerian sings the wedding of the man and the nature. Great artist, he continues to fascinate generations of readers with his magic word. For some of them, it’s because of its art that the work of Albert Camus remains.Item La gestión du couple QUESTION-RÉPONSE (Q-R) en situation de communication assistée par un(e) interprete(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Apfelbaum, BirgitThis paper explores the interactional management of question-answer sequences in interpreter-mediated business encounters and discusses didactic applications for interpreter training. A close analysis of transcripts from authentic audiotaped data reveals how the turn-taking system in the translational mode is particularized to contextual needs, i.e., as talk progresses, the business partners, rather than addressing one another, take turns being ‘bystanders’ as the other one communicates with the interpreter respectively. The interpreter takes and is given responsibilities to make the question-answer sequences work, especially as far as respecting conditional relevances is concerned. This system seems to be fully functional for a professional management of such situations and thus could be used as an analytical tool in training future liaison interpreters.Item Les erreurs de déterminants chez les étudiants en français langue étrangère: une perspective microtextuelle(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Jespersen, JanineThe goal of this paper is to provide teachers of French with the origin of main errors made by Slavic students in the use of articles. In the languages of these students tjjere are no articles. Of particular interest are binominal structures, for example: text analysis, (l’analyse de texte) vs analysis of the text, (l’analyse du texte). In the first example an entity is subcategorised as a generic entity; in the second example this expression is used as the noun of a process: the text was read, discussed, explored .........The analysis of the te x t............. Constructions of this type are often used in order to provide summaries and introduce abstractions in scientific and academic texts. I shall apply the theory of Alain Berrendonner to these structures and I shall suggest some ways of correcting errors in this area.Item «Anna Karénine» travestie ou une mise en abyme transtextuelle. Sur quelques pratiques transtextuelles dans la prose d ’Albert Cohen(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Sadkowski, PiotrTranstextuality is the first principle o f Albert Cohen’s writing. The author of this paper is trying to reveal the function on the combination of two aspects of transtextuality (external and internal) in generating multiple interpretations of Cohen’s novels. To illustrate this problem the author presents one of the narrative strategies in Albert Cohen’s prose: “transtextual mise en abyme”, applied to Tolstoy’s novel Anna Karenina. This notion refers to the combined effect of transtextual processes (from implicit mention to allusion to travesty) and mise en abyme. The fiction of Anna Karenina transformed by one of Cohen’s heroes, Mangeclous in the eponym novel and in Les Valeureux, is a travesty. Nevertheless if the reader examines this process in an intratextual perspective, he realizes that this transformation is at the same time, because in the travesty of Tolstoy Cohen’s own text (Belle du Seigneur) is mirrored. Thus Karenina’s story in Mangeclous and Les Valeureux is a prolepsis of the fiction of Belle du Seigneur.Item Le discours et ses situations(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Rey-Debove, JosetteThis paper aims to situate the various areas of discourse analysis with respect to general typological or intersecting characteristics, and to èxtend our apprehension of «true meaning» as far as possible. It suggests that unacceptable phrases and paralinguistic elements can be included in semantics, and that non-spontaneous cited or transcribed discourse can be considered alongside spontaneous oral and written discourse. A distinction is made between the «producer» (who is «responsible») and the «emitter»; between the «addressee» (who is deliberately targeted) and the «receiver». The emitter is often citing a third party, while the addressee is often non-specific or accidental. Provision is made for conflictual relationships between speakers (claiming the right to speak in public) and messages with pseudo addressees, which give the function of expression priority over the function of communication. The phatic function merely maintains a relationship between speakers which is detrimental to meaning, just as violence may ensue when intercomprehension breaks down.Item L’intraculturel et la traduction(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Potok-Nycz, Magda; Sypnicki, JózefThe article takes up the subject of stereotypes within the contractive linguistics and translation area. The authors investigate the presence of cultural and national differences in language systems demonstrating that the fixed set ideas about particular tlings are compactly built in linguistic expressions. The requisites of culture are examined in word components, conceptual models and means of categorization. The selected examples go to prove the individual character of the world representation within different cultures. Other expressions seem to converge or because of language acquisitions (translations) or due to the identical experiences that create the particular forms of understanding the world. In the second part of the article the cultural stereotype is situated in the translation frame. Several translation strategies are proposed. The conclusion, nevertheless, reveals that the stereotypes belong to the linguistic system and, unlike the sense, can be departed from it. Unless the cultural experience of different linguistic communities converges, the stereotypes are untranslatable. The commented patterns of translation procedures demonstrate that the cultural stereotypes do not cross the language barriers in the process of translation.Item Systèmes écrivants et répartition des rôles interactionnels(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Krafft, Ulrich; Dausendschon-Gay, UlrichIn cooperative writing two or more interacting persons work together to write a common text. After several case studies with unplanned writing interactions, in an experiment we asked 17 dyads to compose a recipe for mousse au chocolat. In the first part of the essay we show that one can describe the cooperating dyads as writing systems with specific properties, the interacting persons as agents of the system. After that we ask how far the writing system determines the activities of its agents and to what extent the distribution of activities, conversely, follows the wishes and preferences of those interacting. We also examine whether one can speak of a “writing style” of the writers working together in the writing system.Item Répétition, redondance, reformulation: les spirales explicatives du même(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Ibrahim, Amr HelmyThis work tries to show how and why repetition, redundancy and rewording, by borrowing the figure of some sort of a spiral do explain and add considerably to meaning in spite o f the fact that they don’t seem to be willing to do so. Although only redundancy is likely to occur with the same shape in all languages, the three are indeed universals even if their function and place in the grammar is not the same in all languages. The paper refers to three types of ongoing different researches: that of the followers of Zellig S. Harris about redundancy seen as a complete descriptive tool of language, that of the author about repetitions in the holy Coran, and that of Claire Martinot about the way children appropriate meaning through rewordings.Item Comment traduire l’inexistant: définitude/indéfinitude des syntagmes binominaux(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Karolak, StanisławThe article deals with the problem of criteria to be followed in the translation of Slavic noun phrases that have no overt markers of definiteness/indefiniteness into a language with articles. It is affirmed that the category of semantic defmiteness/indefiniteness is not restricted to languages with articles and therefore the initial criterion is furnished by sense, or more precisely, by the relations between the intention of the noun phrase and the intention determined by its position. These relations determine intentional completeness or incompleteness, tantamount to definiteness and indefiniteness, respectively. Because of the fact that there is no one-to-one correspondence between semantic definiteness or indefiniteness and their surface reflexes, the translator must furthermore follow the idiomatic rules that govern the assignment of definiteness markers to particular semantic categories. Selected parallelisms between semantic and formal rules are illustrated with equivalences between Slavic (Polish and Russian) noun phrases and their translations in French.Item Pour une analyse contrastive des types de discours: I’exemple dufaire-part de décès en français et en espagnol(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Drescher, MartinaThis article undertakes the problems of contrastive analysis of discourse. The author discusses functioning of a definite, ossified structure on the example of French and Spanish obituaries. Similarities and differences in the social functioning of this type of texts are discussed in order to draw conclusions which also pertain to the theory of translation.Item Co-construction de sens en situation de conception d ’un outil didactique(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Brassac, Christian; Grégori, NicolasIn the article, the author defends a thesis on the necessity of application in psychology and other cognitive sciences of a methodology based on the interactive theory. Therefore, it is postulated that analysis from the perspective of a monologue be replaced by the analysis from the interactive perspective. The article consists of two parts. In the first part a model of mutual understanding is presented, which was devised at the Psychological Laboratory of the Nancy University 2, and in the other, a proposal of application of this model for the developing of didactic aids of a multimedial character is discussed.Item Facteurs discoursifs dans I'amplification du texte pendant la traduction(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Szeflińska-Karkowska, MagdalenaThis article discusses the role of discourse’s factors in amplification in the process of translation from the French language to the Polish language. Role of discourse’s factors is discussed from the perspective of comprehension which is examined with regard to syntactic and semantic components of the text. A detailed analysis of the cognitive process involved in translation is presented on the basis of examples from literary texts.Item Le sens et l'information à transmettre dans la traduction des messages verbo-visuels(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Tomaszkiewicz, TeresaThis article focusses on the search for a solution to problems of translation of texts of a verbal-visual character. Despite appearance various images occurring in these texts are not automatically understood by a foreign recipient since they undergo a certain codification, characteristic of every culture individually. In the meantime the sense of these verbal-visual tramsmissions is a result of various relations into which enter with each other both semiotic elements (parallel, supplementing and interpretative meaning, equivalence and contradiction). The author tries to answer the question about the way in which the translator of this type of texts may render their sense and transmit information contained in them for the use of a foreign recipient.Item Quelques exemples d’analyse des corpus en vue de la traduction(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Vetulani, GrażynaIntensive works by (first) computer scientists and (then) linguists in order to obtain Automatic Translation Systems started already in the late 40-ties. Since that time many things have changed in the field of tools and methodologies like for example creation of basic electronic resources as corpora and dictionaries or the lexicon-grammar framework. This paper presents some language engineering tools recently developed (with participation of the Author) for Polish and claims their interest for the Translation Community.Item Spis treści(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000)