Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne, 2014, nr 6
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Item Václav Havel: niepolityczny polityk(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Bankowicz, MarekThe article presents the political and intellectual silhouette of Václav Havel (1936–2011) – the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first one of the Czech Republic. Havel, the next to the Pole Lech Wałęsa, is the world renown symbol of the political turning point of 1989 that ended the world communist system. Before 1989, during the communist age, Havel was a dramatist, essayist and leader of Czechoslovak anticommunist and democratic dissident movement. He was strongly persecuted by the ruling communists, and while living under a permanent supervision of the security services and he was many times arrested. In 1989 Havel became a president of democratic Czechoslovakia and after dissolving of this state, in 1993, he was elected as a the first president of the new Czech Republic, holding the office by 10 following years. Havel was very untypical politician and president. He has played rather the role of an intellectual for whom politics is a matter of changing reality not by political decisions, but as a result of impact the on world by ideas and views. To follow Thomas Garrigue Masaryk example, the founder and first head of Czechoslovak state, clearly admired by Havel, he has tried to conduct of non-political politics. In this model politics becomes a practical applying of ethics and most important within it is not a power or state procedures and mechanisms, but men’s good and faithfulness to the truth. Václav Havel went down in the history as one of the greatest political figures of the second half of the last century.Item Diskursi feminizma i modernizma u esejima Julke Chlapec Đorđević i Jele Spiridonović-Savić(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Đurić, DubravkaI start from the definition of Serbian Yugoslav bourgeois culture as a semi-peripheral and having this in mind, I tend to analyze the essays by Julka Chlapec Đorđević and Jela Spiridonović-Savić, from the perspective of the world systemic theories applied to literature.Item Глазами „другого” (заметки о прозе Е.Г. Эткинда)(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Кривонос, ВладиславIn the article E.G. Etkind’s prose is discussed from the point of view of its place and role in the dissident movement in the Soviet Russia. The particular attention is paid of Etkind’s ideological differences with the political regime and of the Jewish theme which was very important to his selfconsciousness. The article shows how Etkind’s position defined the angle of the narrative in his prose, and especially his view of the events.Item Kontestacja à rebours. O pisarstwie i nie-pisarstwie Karla Michala(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Czernikow, OlgaThe problem of transfer from the official to the unofficial culture is one of the most significant phenomena in the post-war Czech literature history. Resistance against the limitations on creative autonomy set by the government led to the emergence of particular contestation attitudes and to the creation of counterculture, understood as a dissident and exile culture, as well as the underground. In this landscape, Karel Michal’s position is peculiar and difficult to classify; his contestation is total, as it is pointed at not only the subordination of literature to norms set by the regime, but also at the expectations put on it by the dissident community. In texts which appeared during his exile, he presents an uncompromising approach to the issue of the engagement of literature and roles assumed by a writer arbitrarily. A consequence of his radical position is the growing imperative to not write, which leads to his complete withdrawal from literary life.Item „Ispisati istinu umjesto povijesti” (otpor ideološkom u izboru hrvatskih drama iz druge polovice XX. st.)(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Peričić, HelenaIn this paper the authoress refers to examples from the period between the 60s and the beginning of the 90s of the 20 th century in Croatia which best illustrate not only the playwriting but also the lethalness of the act through mostly political drama typical of the period in question. At the time, the theatre was more often than not „the only space in which people were allowed to think and talk politically” (B. Senker). The paper discusses the following dramas: Perković’s Closed Afternoon(1966), Šoljan’s Diocletian’s Palace(1969), Kušan’s The End of Freedom(1971), Marović’s Antigona, the Queen of Thebes, and Themistocles (both from the early 1980s), and Brešan’s Julius Caesar (1994; publ. 1997). Dramatic literature and the theatre of these decades did not only reflect the happenings in Croatia within the former Yugoslav state; many of the above and other authors paid for their courage to write these texts with being passed over in silence, and with intellectual, political and existential harassment.Item В „утробата на кита”, или „тихият вик” на българските поети през 60-те и 70-те години на ХХ век(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Кръстева, ГергинаThis article entitled unassumingly aims at reminding – just in a cursory way, but with a substantial degree of certainty, too, in their literary and historical justification – of a specific list of names of Bulgarian poets, whose „discontent” and/or „disappointment” with the totalitarian regime in Bulgaria create the history of the dissent, which found its expression in the alternative lyrical thinking and writing in the period of socialist realism during the decades of the sixties and the seventies of the twentieth century.Item „Unutrašnji emigrant”: političke ideje Milovana Đilasa 1954–1989(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Stanić, VeljkoThe aim of this article is to examine the political ideas of Milovan Djilas (1911–1995) developed in his dissident period (1954–1989). Once a highly ranked communist and revolutionary of Tito’s antifascist partisan army in the Second World War Yugoslavia, Milovan Djilas (1911–1995) became widely known as one of the most important dissident figures in Eastern Europe. A noted reformist since Tito-Stalin split in 1948 and political prisoner (1956–1961, 1962–1966), Djilas was deprived from all public activity in his country until the end of communist rule. Author of more than twenty books translated and published abroad, ranging from political analysis and memoirs to novels and shorts stories, Djilas never truly gave up the ideals of the young talented writer he was in the early 1930s when he joined the communists. Declaring himself a democratic socialist, it was in his dissident period that he formulated a specific form of political philosophy which included his criticism of communist ideology and Titoist authoritarian rule in Yugoslavia, but also wider thoughts on human condition, literature and philosophy in the 20th century.Item Transformations of the Dissident Behaviour. Politics in Post-1989 Bulgarian Literature(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Licheva, AmeliaThe essay follows the changes in the literary works of the Bulgarian dissidents immediately after 1989. It tries to take into account the disillusionment and the distorted perceptions, but also the satisfaction of freedom, which it discusses as subject matters in the poetry of two dissident authors, who were also active politically – Blaga Dimitrova and Edvin Sugarev. The second major line of thought in the essay is a rereading of socialism in the writings of the younger generations. Against the backdrop of a major absence from Bulgarian literature during the socialist regime, it is interesting to observe how the new generations compensate the gaps, and what they stress on, including in those cases when they try to render socialism into a convertible currency.Item „Nije na pjesniku da se klanja kralju”. Pozicija disidenta u hrvatskoj teatrologiji – slučaj Ivšić(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Petranović, MartinaThe paper discusses the position of Croatian playwright Radovan Ivšić in Croatian theatre historiography, before and after the independence of Croatia in the nineties. The research results point to three major phases in Ivšić’s reception in Croatian theatre historiography – the rejection, acceptance and canonization.Item Czy warto dziś być niezadowolonym?(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Gawarecka, AnnaRecenzja nr 2 (2010) czasopisma „Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacja. Praktyka”Item Uwagi na marginesie lektury literackich kontestacji Dubravki Ugrešić(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Czapik-Lityńska, BarbaraIn the article, the literary texts of the Croatian authoress are considered, since they present a critical comportment that is to remain in opposition to the crisis of the contemporary culture. The article makes an attempt to describe a specifi city of the writer’s literary contestations, derived from a stance of the avant-garde and modern rebellion, adopted among others by Miroslav Krleža, and from an intellectual revolt, expressed by the postmodern aesthetics and philosophy. The growing on both contestation traditions determines a manner of thinking, perceptiveness of interpretation regarding the depicted world and life. The literary contestations of Ugrešić focus on problems of the postmodern aesthetics, ethics, sociopolitical and cultural transformations.Item Rane 1970-e i filmski slučaj Tomislava Radića(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Gilić, NikicaAlthough his early feature length works – Živa istinaand Timon– created quite a stir and could be called provocative at its time (the first half of 1970s), as much as they can be considered stylistically interesting with its focus on the documentary style, Tomislav Radić can hardly be called a typical dissident, regardless of the suggestion that the politics caused the hiatus in his filmmaking (found in Ivo Škrabalo’s very influential history of Croatian cinema). He remained in the country after his initial experiences with the mainstream cinema institutions and even became a dean of the drama academy in Zagreb during socialism. Not surprisingly, after 1990 he was very close to the nationalist government and yet he became the author of the first artistically successful fiction film about the perils of (Croatian) transition – Što je Iva snimila 21. listopada 2003.The author is in this case more ambivalent than his work, but the fact that his films mix very freely facts and fiction (in all of his best works – from the 1970s as well as the 2000s and 2010s – actually encourage analytical merging of art and the man who made it, thus making the study of dissenting and contesting figures of socialism more challenging. The insight into aspects of Radić’s work gives a very useful perspective on the complexities of working in the socialist context.Item Muzeum niepokorności(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014)Item Rojaliści i Krasnoludki wychodzą na ulicę. Kultura kontestacji w działaniach ruchu České děti i Pomarańczowej Alternatywy(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Balcerzak, MałgorzataThis article is an attempt to compare two contestation models, that occurred in the activities of new social movements formed in the 80s of the twentieth century in Czechoslovakia and Poland (Czech Children and Orange Alternative). Both movements are the examples of the changes taking place in the process to form of political and social opposition to the communist regime. The article describes the relationship between political commitment and understanding of the aesthetic function (influence of surrealism) in the culture of opposition.Item О литературе как феномене эстетики(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Наривская, ВалентинаItem Upiorne oblicze systemu(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Lis-Wielgosz, IzabelaRecenzja książki Božidara Jezernika pt. "Naga wyspa. Gułag Tity".Item „Byl to život na sopce, život pod závalem, život v tekoucí lavině”. O „dysydenckim getcie” według Pavla Kohouta(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Kowalska, UrszulaThe main intention of the presented article was to find and indicate thoughts connected to the dissident tradition of Czech 20 th century history. The generational experience regarding the „drunken festival” of Prague Spring and brutal intervention of „fraternal help” have influenced a non-official side of Czech modern culture. Literary works, as well as publicist activities in the period 1968– –1989 prove that the political opposition has become a very important subject for many writers. In the article, I am referring to above indicated novel written by Pavel Kohout. In his text, the writer, known as one of the most important founding members and architects of the informal civic initiative called Charter 77, has managed to describe an atmosphere of Czech „normalization” and nonofficial ways of rebelling, fighting against the communistic ideology in Czechoslovakia before the Velvet Revolution in November 1989.Item Poezie Pavla Zajíčka po jeho návratu z exilu(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Pilař, MartinPavel Zajíček was a leading personality of Czech rock and literary underground in the 1970s. His imprisonment in 1976 was an important impuls for creation of Charta 77. Communist establishment wanted to get rid of him and therefore (though he was a dissident) he was given his passport and allowed to leave Czechoslovakia for Sweden. In exile he continued in writing and in 1995 he returned to Prague. The present study deals with both invariable and variable qualities of his poetry created after his return. The detailed analysis of his collection of poems called Zvuky sirén a zvonů (The Sounds of Sirens and Bells, 2001) proves that the latest texts of Pavel Zajíček rank among the most original examples of Czech alternative poetry, independent on praised literary tradition.Item Kilka słów o początkach kina bułgarskiego(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Jóźwiak, WojciechRecenzja książki Aleksandra Grozewa "Киното в България" obejmującej okres rozwoju kina bułgarskiego od 1897 do 1956 roku.Item Kilka uwag o dysydenctwie oraz literaturze antytotalitarnej w Bułgarii(Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, 2014) Gołek-Sepetliewa, DorotaThe aim of this article is to introduce a characteristic of the dissident movement and the anti-totalitarian literature in Bulgaria in the period 1944–1989. In the early‚ 90s a group of very important researchers began to focus on an accurate description of a Bulgarian dissident movement and migration literature. The results of researches in the field of history and literary studies do not give a coherent and explicit definition of dissent, dissident movement or migration dissident literature. In addiction recent works in literary studies, are not based on the various paradigms of dissent, but they create new terms and categories to describe the phenomena of cultural and literary period of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria from 1944 to 1989. The most popular are: alternative canon, anti-totalitarian literature, alternative literature, illegal literature – and in relation to dichotomies: literature of the PRB, socialist realism, socialist canon, offi cial literature.