Artykuły naukowe (WF)

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ALPL-1 Newtonian Ephemeris of the Planetary System Spanning 4000 years
(Acta Astronomica, 1986) Dybczyński, P. A.; Jopek, Tadeusz
Numerical integration of the equations of motion of the Solar System Planets (except Mercury) is described. The continuous ephemeris obtained in result, spanning the time interval from 1918 BC to 2092 AD is presented.
Separation of meteor streams from the sporadic background
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995-01) Jopek, Tadeusz
A cluster analysis procedure has been used to estimate the fraction of the sporadic interlopers (sporadis bias) identified as stream members among the observed meteor orbits. Using the artificial meteor orbits with the same distribution as the observed one, the sporadic bias is estimated for the given threshold value of the orbital similarityD c. It has been shown that in case of the radio meteor catalogues theD c values given by the formula proposed in Southworth and Hawkins (1963)and in Lindblad (1971) correspond to the sporadic bias of 8 21%. For the five radio meteor catalogues the values ofD c corresponding to the fixed bias equal to 10% and 15% are given.
A Main Belt Asteroid: the Most Probable Cause of the Tunguska Event
(Societa Astronomica Italiana, 2002) Jopek, Tadeusz J.; Gonczi, Robert; Froeschle, Christiane; Michel, Patric; Longo, Giuseppe; Foschini, Luigi
We studied the available scientific literature on the Tunguska event of 30 June 1908 to select a sample of atmospheric trajectories. Then we calculated a set of parameters from which we obtained 886 orbits. Using the model of Bottke and colleagues on dynamical properties of celestial bodies, we estimated the probabilities of different origins of the Tunguska Cosmic Body (TCB). Event though 6 of 886 orbits can be both asteroidal or cometary, the probability of an asteroidal origins remain s the highest.
The effect of ionizing radiation on chloramphenicol
(Springer Netherlands, 2006) Marciniec, Barbara; Stawny, Maciej; Kozak, Maciej; Naskrent, Marek
The effect of ionizing radiation on the physicochemical properties of chloramphenicol in solid state has been studied. The compound was e-beam irradiated with doses from the range 25–400 kGy and the possible changes were detected in the organoleptic methods (colour, form, odour, solubility and clarity), by SEM observations, X-ray, chromatography (TLC), spectrophotometry (UV, IR, EPR) and thermal (DSC) methods. No significant changes relative to the unirradiated sample were observed as a result of irradiation with the dose of 25 kGy – a standard dose for radiation sterilization, besides free radicals generation. Higher doses were found to produce a change in colour, increase in absorbance (UV), changes in the XRD spectra and appearance of products of radiolysis. The presence of the radiolysis products was confirmed by the TLC method, indirectly by DSC showing a decrease in the melting point from 0.2 to 4.5°C and enthalpy from 3.8 to 23.3 J g–1, respectively. A linear relationship was obtained between the irradiation dose (25–400 kGy) and the melting point of chloramphenicol, characterised by the correlation coefficient r=0.9968. The EPR signal intensity increased with increasing dose of irradiation and the lifetime of the free radicals was longer than 6 months. No changes were detected in SEM and IR spectra. As follows from our results, the DSC method is most suitable for a fast monitoring of the drugs subjected to sterilization by irradiation as it permits detection of changes occurring even on irradiation with low doses and their quantitative description.
Thermal study of four irradiated imidazoline derivatives in solid state
(Springer Netherlands, 2007) Marciniec, Barbara; Kozak, Maciej; Naskrent, Marek; Dettlaff, Katarzyna; Ogrodowczyk, Magdalena; Stawny, Maciej; Wachowski, Leszek
Four imidazoline derivatives: antazoline (AN), naphazoline (NN), tymazoline (TM), xylometazoline (XM), in the form of hydrochlorides in solid phase have been subjected to high energy e-beam irradiation from an accelerator (10 MeV) at a dose varied from 25 to 200 kGy. The effects of the irradiation have been assessed by DSC, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, EPR and TLC. The standard sterilisation dose of 25 kGy has been found to produce changes in the properties of one derivative (XM), two other ones (AN and TM) have been found sensitive to doses >100 kGy, whereas NN has been resistant to irradiation in the whole range studied (25–200 kGy). EPR results indicated that the changes taking place in the therapeutic substances studied are related to radical formation. The irradiation induced changes in colour, a decrease or increase in the melting point, changes in the XRD pattern, small changes in the shape of FTIR peaks and the presence of radiolysis products. The XM compounds cannot be sterilised by irradiation because of the radiation induced changes in its physico-chemical properties.
Radiation sterilization of ephedrine in the solid state
(Polish Chemical Society and the Committee on Analytical Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences with cooperation of the Czech Chemical Society, the Slovak Chemical Society and the Hungarian Chemical Society, 2008) Dettlaff, Katarzyna; Teżyk, Artur; Marciniec, Barbara; Wachowiak, Roman; Naskrent, Marek; Bednarek, Bartłomiej
The effects of the e-beam ionising radiation of energy 9.96 MeV in doses 25 800 kGy on the stability of solid ephedrine hydrochloride (1R,2S)-(-)-2-methylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol hydrochloride) have been studied. These effects have been observed using the following analytical methods: organoleptic (form, colour, smell, clarity of solution), scanning electron microscope SEM, pH measurement, chirality and water content measurement (Karl Fischer method), spectrometric methods (UV, FT IR, EPR), chromatography (TLC), and combined chromatography (TLC UV, GC MS). Even the standard sterilisation dose of 25 kGy has been found to cause a change in colour from white to pale yellow, the appearance of free radicals in the concentration of 3.05×10^15 spin/g, and about 1% loss of the content. The effects of higher doses 50 800 kGy have shown that radiodegradation degree of the compound is proportional to the dose applied. The main product of radiodegradation, formed at a yield of G = 17.17×10^7 mol/J, has been identified as 2-methylamino-1 phenyl-1-propanone (methcathinone, ephedrone), a psychoactive compound of the activity similar to that of amphetamine. For the above reasons ephedrine hydrochloride can not be subjected to radiative sterilisation with a dose of 25 kGy, however, assuming sufficiently low microbiological contamination of the initial substance, lower doses could be probably used for sterilisation purposes. Our results have not confirmed the earlier reports from 1970s on the resistance of ephedrine to ionising radiation in doses up to 60 kGy.
Critical Sound Propagation in Magnets
(Nova Science Publishers, 2009) Pawlak, Andrzej
The critical dynamics of sound is a very interesting field in which we can test modern concepts of the phase transition theory such as the universality of critical exponents, scaling or the crossover to another universality class etc. It is the aim of the study to present a general theory of critical sound propagation, which takes also into account some important nonasymptotic effects. In metallic magnets the critical anomalies in the sound attenuation coefficient are of different types than in magnetic insulators.The difference in the critical exponents used to be explained by the occurrence of different kinds of magnetoelastic coupling in the two classes of magnets mentioned. We will show in this chapter that one should assume coexistence of both types of coupling in all magnets. A very important role is played by the ratio of the spin-lattice relaxation time to the characteristic time of spin fluctuations. It is a crucial parameter determining whether the sound attenuation coefficient reveals a strong or a weak singularity in a given material. After a short introduction the fundamental concepts of the phase transition theory such as critical exponents, the scaling and universality hypothesis etc are reviewed in Section 2 of this chapter. Section 3 presents the idea of critical slowing down, dynamic scaling as well as the presentation of the basic dynamic universality classes. In Section 4, the model describing the static behavior of acoustic degrees of freedom is investigated. The expressions for the adiabatic and the isothermal sound velocity are also derived. The phenomenological theory of critical sound propagation is presented in very intuitive way in Section 5, while Section 6 contains a detailed description of the dynamic model based on the coupled nonlinear Langevin equations of motion. Three basic regimes characterized by different critical exponents and scaling functions are distinguished in the sound attenuation coefficient. Crossover effects from the insulator-type regime to the metallic-type regime and to the high-frequency regime are demonstrated on the example of the ultrasonic data for MnF2. The concept of the effective sound attenuation exponent is introduced using the data reported for FeF2 and RbMnF3. The frequency dependent longitudinal sound velocity and its relation to the static quantities are discussed. Finally, the unsolved questions and future prospects in this field are outlined.
Dysfunkcja akomodacji i metody jej badań
(2010) Przekoracka-Krawczyk, Anna; Naskręcki, Ryszard
Charge orderings and phase separations in the atomic limit of the extended Hubbard model with intersite density-density interactions
(Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, al. Lotników 32-46, Pl-02-668 Warsaw, Poland, 2010-08) Kapcia, Konrad; Kłobus, Waldemar; Robaszkiewicz, Stanisław
We have studied a simple effective model of charge ordered insulators. The tight binding Hamiltonian consists of the effective on-site interaction U and the intersite density-density interaction Wij (both: nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor). In the analysis of the phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of this model we have adopted the variational approach, which treats the on-site interaction term exactly and the intersite interactions within the mean-field approximation. Our investigations of the general case (as a function of the electron concentration) have shown that the system exhibits various critical behaviors including among others bicritical, tricritical, critical-end and isolated critical points. In this report we concentrate on the metastable phases and transitions between them. One finds that the first- and second order transitions between metastable phases can exist in the system. These transitions occur in the neighborhood of first as well as second order transitions between stable phases. For the case of on-site attraction the regions of metastable homogeneous phases occurrence inside the ranges of phase separated states stability have been also determined.
Magnetic orderings and phase separations in the zero-bandwidth limit of the extended Hubbard model with intersite magnetic interactions
(Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, al. Lotników 32-46, Pl-02-668 Warsaw, Poland, 2010-08) Kłobus, Waldemar; Kapcia, Konrad; Robaszkiewicz, Stanisław
A simple effective model for a description of magnetically ordered insulators is analysed. The tight binding Hamiltonian consists of the effective on-site interaction (U) and intersite magnetic exchange interactions (Jz, Jxy) between nearest-neighbours. The phase diagrams of this model have been determined within the variational approach, which treats the on-site interaction term exactly and the intersite interactions within the mean-field approximation. We show that, depending on the values of interaction parameters and the electron concentration, the system can exhibit not only homogeneous phases: (anti-)ferromagnetic (F) and nonordered (NO), but also phase separated states (PS: F-NO).
Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies
(Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, 2011) Jopek, Tadeusz J.
Various points concerning meteoroid streams and their parent comets and asteroids are presented. The first connection between meteoroids and comets, among others, were established by G.V. Schiaparelli 150 years ago. The first computer search for meteoroid streams was made by Southworth and Hawkins 50 years ago. Since that time many investigators have been studied the problem of cometary and asteroidal origin of meteoroid streams. Many results have been established. In this study we made the most extensive search for streams and their parent bodies amongst photographic meteoroids, comets and minor planets. We used two D- distance functions and rigorous cluster analysis approach. The well known results have been confirmed -- several major streams and their parents have been identified. Also we found ten associations consisting mainly of the near Earth asteroids. The obtained results do not allow us to make a final conclusions about the genetic reality or the origin of these associations.
The effects of the next-nearest-neighbour density-density interaction in the atomic limit of the extended Hubbard model
(IOP Publishing Ltd., Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol BS1 6BE, England, 2011-03-16) Kapcia, Konrad; Robaszkiewicz, Stanisław
We have studied the extended Hubbard model in the atomic limit. The Hamiltonian analyzed consists of the effective on-site interaction U and the intersite density-density interactions Wij (both: nearest-neighbour and next-nearest-neighbour). The model can be considered as a simple effective model of charge ordered insulators. The phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of this system have been determined within the variational approach, which treats the on-site interaction term exactly and the intersite interactions within the mean-field approximation. Our investigation of the general case taking into account for the first time the effects of longer-ranged density-density interaction (repulsive and attractive) as well as possible phase separations shows that, depending on the values of the interaction parameters and the electron concentration, the system can exhibit not only several homogeneous charge ordered (CO) phases, but also various phase separated states (CO-CO and CO-nonordered). One finds that the model considered exhibits very interesting multicritical behaviours and features, including among others bicritical, tricritical, critical-end and isolated critical points.
Magnets: Types, Uses and Safety
(Nova Science Publishers, 2012) Pawlak, Andrzej
The critical dynamics of sound is a very interesting field in which we can test modern concepts of the phase transition theory such as the universality of critical exponents, scaling or the crossover to another universality class etc. It is the aim of the study to present a general theory of critical sound propagation, which takes also into account some important nonasymptotic effects. In metallic magnets the critical anomalies in the sound attenuation coefficient are of different types than in magnetic insulators. The difference in the critical exponents used to be explained by the occurrence of different kinds of magnetoelastic coupling in the two classes of magnets mentioned. We will show in this chapter that one should assume coexistence of both types of coupling in all magnets. A very important role is played by the ratio of the spinlattice relaxation time to the characteristic time of spin fluctuations. It is a crucial parameter determining whether the sound attenuation coefficient reveals a strong or a weak singularity in a given material. After a short introduction the fundamental concepts of the phase transition theory such as critical exponents, the scaling and universality hypothesis etc are reviewed in Section 2 of this chapter. Section 3 presents the idea of critical slowing down, dynamic scaling as well as the presentation of the basic dynamic universality classes. In Section 4, the model describing the static behavior of acoustic degrees of freedom is investigated. The expressions for the adiabatic and the isothermal sound velocity are also derived. The phenomenological theory of critical sound propagation is presented in very intuitive way in Section 5, while Section 6 contains a detailed description of the dynamic model based on the coupled nonlinear Langevin equations of motion. Three basic regimes characterized by different critical exponents and scaling functions are distinguished in the sound attenuation coefficient. Crossover effects from the insulator-type regime to the metallic-type regime and to the highfrequency regime are demonstrated on the example of the ultrasonic data for MnF2. The concept of the effective sound attenuation exponent is introduced using the data reported for FeF2 and RbMnF3. The frequency dependent longitudinal sound velocity and its relation to the static quantities are discussed. Finally, the unsolved questions and future prospects in this field are outlined.
Some properties of the model of a superconductor with pair hopping and magnetic interactions at half-filling
(Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, al. Lotników 32-46, Pl-02-668 Warsaw, Poland, 2012-04) Kapcia, Konrad
We present our preliminary studies of an effective model of a superconductor with short coherence length involving magnetic interactions. The Hamiltonian considered consists of (i) the effective on-site interaction U, (ii) the intersite magnetic exchange interactions (Jz, Jxy) between nearest-neighbors and (iii) the intersite charge exchange term I, determining the hopping of electron pairs between nearest-neighbor sites. In the analysis of the phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of this model for half-filling (n=1) we have adopted the variational approach, which treats the on-site interaction term exactly and the intersite interactions within the mean-field approximation. One finds that the system considered can exhibit very interesting multicritical behaviors (including tricritical, critical-end and bicritical points) caused by the competition between magnetism and superconductivity, even for n=1. Our investigations show that, depending on the values of interaction parameters, the system at half-filling can exhibit three homogeneous phases: superconducting (SS), (anti-)ferromagnetic (F) and nonordered (NO). The transitions between ordered phases (SS, F) and the NO phase can be first order as well as second order ones, whereas SS-F transition is first order one. Temperature dependencies of the order parameters and thermodynamic properties of the system at the sequence of transitions: SS-F-NO with increasing temperature for J/I=0.3, U/I0 = 0.69 and n=1 are also presented.
Phase separation in a lattice model of a superconductor with pair hopping
(IOP Publishing Ltd., Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol BS1 6BE, England, 2012-05-30) Kapcia, Konrad; Robaszkiewicz, Stanisław; Micnas, Roman
We have studied the extended Hubbard model with pair hopping in the atomic limit for arbitrary electron density and chemical potential. The Hamiltonian considered consists of (i) the effective on-site interaction U and (ii) the intersite charge exchange interactions I, determining the hopping of electron pairs between nearest-neighbour sites. The model can be treated as a simple effective model of a superconductor with very short coherence length in which electrons are localized and only electron pairs have possibility of transferring. The phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of this model have been determined within the variational approach, which treats the on-site interaction term exactly and the intersite interactions within the mean-field approximation. We have also obtained rigorous results for a linear chain (d=1) in the ground state. Moreover, at T=0 some results derived within the random phase approximation (and the spin-wave approximation) for d=2 and d=3 lattices and within the low density expansions for d=3 lattices are presented. Our investigation of the general case (as a function of the electron concentration and as a function of the chemical potential) shows that, depending on the values of interaction parameters, the system can exhibit not only the homogeneous phases: superconducting (SS) and nonordered (NO), but also the phase separated states (PS: SS-NO). The system considered exhibits interesting multicritical behaviour including tricritical points.
Interplay between charge and magnetic orderings in the zero-bandwidth limit of the extended Hubbard model for strong on-site repulsion
(Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, al. Lotników 32-46, Pl-02-668 Warsaw, Poland, 2012-06) Kapcia, Konrad; Kłobus, Waldemar; Robaszkiewicz, Stanisław
A simple effective model of charge ordered and (or) magnetically ordered insulators is studied. The tight binding Hamiltonian analyzed consists of (i) the effective on-site interaction U, (ii) the intersite density-density interaction W and (iii) intersite magnetic exchange interaction Jz (or Jxy) between nearest-neighbors. The intersite interaction are treated within the mean-field approximation. One shows that the systems considered can exhibit very interesting multicritical behaviors, including among others bicritical, tricritical, tetracritical and critical end points. The analysis of the model has been performed for an arbitrary electron concentration as well as an arbitrary chemical potential in the limit of strong on-site repulsion. The phase diagrams obtained in such a case are shown to consist of at least 9 different states, including four homogenous phases: nonordered (NO), ferromagnetic (F), charge ordered (CO), ferrimagnetic (intermediate, I) and five types of phase separation: NO-NO, F-NO, F-F, CO-F, CO-I.
On the phase diagram of the zero-bandwidth extended Hubbard model with intersite magnetic interactions for strong on-site repulsion limit
(Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, al. Lotników 32-46, Pl-02-668 Warsaw, Poland, 2012-06) Murawski, Szymon; Kapcia, Konrad; Pawłowski, Grzegorz; Robaszkiewicz, Stanisław
In this report we have analyzed a simple effective model for a description of magnetically ordered insulators. The Hamiltonian considered consists of the effective on-site interaction (U) and the intersite Ising-like magnetic exchange interaction (J) between nearest neighbors. For the first time the phase diagrams of this model have been determined within Monte Carlo simulation on 2D-square lattice. They have been compared with results obtained within variational approach, which treats the on-site term exactly and the intersite interactions within mean-field approximation. We show within both approaches that, depending on the values of interaction parameters and the electron concentration, the system can exhibit not only homogeneous phases: (anti-)ferromagnetic (F) and nonordered (NO), but also phase separated states (PS: F-NO).
Stable and metastable phases in the atomic limit of the extended Hubbard model with intersite density-density interactions
(Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, al. Lotników 32-46, Pl-02-668 Warsaw, Poland, 2012-06) Kapcia, Konrad; Robaszkiewicz, Stanisław
We have studied a simple effective model of charge ordered insulators. The tight binding Hamiltonian consists of the effective on-site interaction U and the intersite density-density interaction Wij (both: nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor). In the analysis of the phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of this model we have adopted the variational approach, which treats the on-site interaction term exactly and the intersite interactions within the mean-field approximation. Our investigations of the general case (as a function of the electron concentration) have shown that the system exhibits various critical behaviors including among others bicritical, tricritical, critical-end and isolated critical points. In this report we concentrate on the metastable phases and transitions between them. One finds that the first- and second order transitions between metastable phases can exist in the system. These transitions occur in the neighborhood of first as well as second order transitions between stable phases. For the case of on-site attraction the regions of metastable homogeneous phases occurrence inside the ranges of phase separated states stability have been also determined.
The magnetic field induced phase separation in a model of a superconductor with local electron pairing
(IOP Publishing Ltd., Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol BS1 6BE, England, 2013-02-13) Kapcia, Konrad; Robaszkiewicz, Stanisław
We have studied the extended Hubbard model with pair hopping in the atomic limit for arbitrary electron density and chemical potential and focus on paramagnetic effects of the external magnetic field. The Hamiltonian considered consists of (i) the effective on-site interaction U and (ii) the intersite charge exchange interactions I, determining the hopping of electron pairs between nearest-neighbour sites. The phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of this model have been determined within the variational approach (VA), which treats the on-site interaction term exactly and the intersite interactions within the mean-field approximation. Our investigation of the general case shows that the system can exhibit not only the homogeneous phases: superconducting (SS) and nonordered (NO), but also the phase separated states (PS: SS-NO). Depending on the values of interaction parameters, the PS state can occur in higher fields than the SS phase (field-induced PS). Some ground state results beyond the VA are also presented.
Interplay and competition between superconductivity and charge orderings in the zero-bandwidth limit of the extended Hubbard model with pair hopping and on-site attraction
(Springer, 2013-08) Kapcia, Konrad
We present studies of an effective model which is a simple generalization of the standard model of a local pair superconductor with on-site pairing (i.e., the model of hard core bosons on a lattice) to the case of finite pair binding energy. The tight binding Hamiltonian consists of (i) the effective on-site interaction U, (ii) the intersite density-density interactions W between nearest-neighbours, and (iii) the intersite charge exchange term I, determining the hopping of electron pairs between nearest-neighbour sites. In the analysis of the phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of this model we treat the intersite interactions within the mean-field approximation. Our investigations of the U<0 and W>0 case show that, depending on the values of interaction parameters, the system can exhibit three homogeneous phases: superconducting (SS), charge-ordered (CO) and nonordered (NO) as well as the phase separated SS-CO state.

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