Badania Fizjograficzne, Seria A, Tom 61, 2010
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Browsing Badania Fizjograficzne, Seria A, Tom 61, 2010 by Subject "Poland"
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Item Struktura pola opadów Polski na tle warunków cyrkulacyjnych(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2010) Komar, Zbigniew; Kolendowicz, Leszek i inniThe way circulation factors influence the spatial structure of the precipitation area in Poland was studied on the basis of everyday pluviometric data from 31 metrological stations as well as a circulation catalogue published by M. Stępniewska-Podrażka. The analysis covered all 7-day-long or longer periods which displayed the same type of circulation in the years 1951–1990. The pluviometric data gathered made it possible to characterise the pluviometric regimes for each town in the specified periods taking account of 3 factors: total precipitation, frequency of precipitation and intensity of precipitation. The study focused on pluviometric similarities between neighbouring points (stations) under specified conditions of atmospheric circulation. When considering matters related to the objective of the study, account was taken of the elements of the graph theory which not only made it possible to graphically represent the directions of similarity research but also showed the degree of consistency between pluviometric similarity networks from a statistical point of view. The research uncovered some particular features of structural organisation of the precipitation area depending on the conditions of atmospheric circulation: –– Variation in similarity within the precipitation areas is disturbed to a different degree The number of similar relations in constructed graph networks varied between 9 and 75. –– Cases of perfect similarity can be observed only under anti-cyclonic circulation and were present in SEa, Sa and Oa circulation types. –– The degree of similarity within the precipitation area varies depending on the character of circulation. The mean frequency with which precipitation similarities were identified along studied edges is at its lowest under cyclonic circulation and at its highest under anti-cyclonic conditions. –– When analyzed by seasons, the frequency of pluviometric precipitation similarity along specified relation lines was lower in the warm half-year under cyclonic, intermediate and anti-cyclonic circulation conditions. The graph method of studying structural features of the precipitation area used in this paper has proved to be a useful and effective research tool especially when applied to analyses of spatial relations. Presented examples of graphs are a more or less clear indication that the spatial structure of the precipitation area in Poland studied from the perspective of pluviometric similarity relations is determined by circulation factors with the spatial scope of this influence depending on the season.Item Z historii zagranicznego ruchu turystycznego w Polsce(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2010) Kłysz, PiotrThe beginnings of tourist traffic in Poland go back to the second half of the 20th century. Earlier, particularly between 1945–1856, foreign tourism was almost non-existent. Tourism started to develop at the end of that period. The development gained momentum in the first half of the 1960s. In 1955 about 77,000 foreign tourists came to Poland and 44,000 Poles went to other countries. These figures have been growing considerably in the following years – in 1965 778,400 Polish tourists visited other countries and as many as 1,162,900 foreign tourists came to Poland. Foreign tourist traffic has been mainly organized by the Polish Travel Office Orbis. Other institutions involved in the organization of foreign tourism in Poland included PTTK (Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Organization), ZMS (Union of Socialist Youth), ZSP (Union of Polish Students), Polish Tourist Cooperative Gromada, and Turysta Cooperative. The opinions about Polanď’s attractiveness for tourists varied. In the 1980s many foreign tourists believed that Poland is not a very attractive tourist destination. A number of people who visited Poland in recent years have had a completely different opinion. In tourist materials dating back to the beginnings of the 1960s we can read that foreigners find in Poland everything that could be expected from a tourist trip, i.e., beautiful landscapes (Photo 1), and beautiful historical architecture (Photo 2). Polish tourists also go to many attractive regions of the world (Photo 3).