(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Wendland, Michał
The article concerns some of the most important elements
of I. Kant’s epistemology and its connections with earlier epistemological ideas, namely rationalism and empiricism. The history
of dispute between rationalism (Descartes, Leibniz) and empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) is hereby shortly presented while
Kant’s own philosophical achievements are suggested to be both
alternative and synthesis of these. The main core of this paper is
summary of basis of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason; some most
important categories are described: apriorism, synthetic and analytical judgements, knowledge a priori and a posteriori, main ideas
of transcendental esthetics (two forms of pure intuition: time and
space), main ideas of transcendental logic (forms of judgement and
twelve categories). Also the meaning of Kant’s „copernican revolution” is presented as a turning point for classical German philosophy as well as for whole modern epistemology.