Artykuły naukowe (WNS)
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Browsing Artykuły naukowe (WNS) by Subject "academic entrepreneurialism"
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Item Academic Entrepreneurialism and Changing Governance in Universities. Evidence from Empirical Studies(2015) Kwiek, MarekEntrepreneurial universities are increasingly important points of reference for international and European-level policy discussions on reforming higher education systems, and especially on a shift in its financing towards more self-reliance and its secure sustainable development in competitive environments. The chapter analyzes academic entrepreneurialism as emerging from recent European comparative (theoretical and empirical) studies. It outlines the theoretical (and ideological) “modernization agenda” of European universities promoted by the European Commission. Case studies of selected European institutions show that the modernization processes in question (and their emphasis on academic entrepreneurialism widely understood) have already been in progress in numerous institutions in different systems across Europe. Case studies analyzed in the chapter also stress the pivotal role of changing governance at most entrepreneurially-oriented European universities.Item Academic Entrepreneurialism vs. Changing Governance and Institutional Management Structures in European Universities (Chapter 5)(2013) Kwiek, MarekIn this chapter we will discuss a historically relatively new phenomenon in European higher education systems: academic entrepreneurialism – especially with regard to governance and management. Entrepreneurial universities seem to be increasingly important points of reference for international and European-level policy discussions about the future of higher education. Entrepreneurial institutions, functionally similar although variously termed, currently seem to be an almost natural reference points in both national discussions on reforming higher education systems, and especially a shift in its financing towards more financial self-reliance, as well as in EU-level discussions on how to secure the sustainable development of public universities in increasingly hostile financial environment and increasingly powerful intersectoral competition for public subsidies of higher education with other state-funded public services. An important point of reference of this chapter is the future role of universities from the perspective presented and promoted for more or less a decade (throughout the 2000s and beyond) by the European Commission, especially in the context of the transformation of university management and university governance. The second part of the chapter presents changes as suggested by the European Commission (in the framework of broad discussions on the Bologna Process and the Lisbon Strategy). Next we analyze academic entrepreneurialism, as emerging from recent European comparative (theoretical and empirical) studies in this area, especially a three-year international research project EUEREK (“European Universities for Entrepreneurship: Their Role in the Europe of Knowledge”). In the third part, academic entrepreneurialism is linked to risk management at European universities and legal and institutional conditions that favor its formation are studied. Increased risk is associated with an increase in uncertainty currently experienced by the vast majority of European education systems. In the fourth part, we study a clash of traditional academic values with managerial values in the functioning of academic institutions, and we address the issue of academic entrepreneurialism in the context of traditional academic collegiality, various ways of minimization of tensions in the management of educational institutions. And in its sixth part, we pass on to the discussion of complex relationships between academic entrepreneurialism and centralization and decentralization of the university power. In the seventh part, we discuss the location of academic entrepreneurialism in different parts of educational institutions. Conclusions come back to a wider vision of higher education as it appears in the documents of the European Commission and shows their convergences and divergences with academic entrepreneurialism as studied through empirical material throughout the chapter.Item The Role of Individuals and Funding in University–Enterprise Partnerships in Europe. A Cross-National Approach(Iztok Publishers, 2015) Kwiek, MarekThe present article focuses on knowledge exchange in European universities as viewed through the lenses of university–enterprise partnerships1. The empirical material is drawn from six European countries (Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Poland) and the analysis is performed at three distinct levels: six national case studies, eighteen institutional case studies, and ten partnership case studies, with different units of analysis: countries, individual academic institutions, and individual institutional partnerships. The structure of the article is as follows. After this introductory section, the analytical framework is presented in section two. Next, the article explores two major partnership parameters: in section three, the role of individuals (academics/administrators) in establishing and running successful partnerships; and in section four, the role of public authorities, public subsidies and private donations in operations of successful partnerships. Section five presents tentative conclusions. In general, research findings are linked to current discussions in the knowledge transfer and science policy literatures on the growing role of knowledge exchange and university–industry linkages in the knowledge economy, with particular emphasis on the role of individual vs. institutional characteristics in successful university–industry collaborations and the role of the public/private mix in funding and governance modes in partnerships.Item The Theory and Practice of Academic Entrepreneurialism: Transborder Polish-German Institutions(2013) Kwiek, MarekIn this paper I discuss academic entrepreneurialism in the empirical context of Polish-German transborder universities. Entrepreneurialism is viewed here, following Michael Shattock (2009a: 3), as “a drive to identify and sustain a distinctive institutional agenda which is institutionally determined, not one [which is] effectively a product of a state funding formula”. Entrepreneurial universities seem to be increasingly important points of reference for international and European-level policy discussions about the future of higher education. The major question of this paper is as follows: how do Polish-German transborder universities respond to the challenges of changing social and economic environments and to what extent they are able to determine their futures?Item The unfading power of collegiality? University governance in Poland in a European comparative and quantitative perspective(2015) Kwiek, MarekThis paper studies the applicability of theoretical models of university governance from the international research literature to the Polish system. In particular, it is to test the applicability of a collegial model in the Polish case. The research question was ‘to what extent is a collegial model reflected in actual governance patterns found in the Polish university sector’. This is based on large-scale internationally comparable quantitative material. The empirical evidence for it comes from 3700 returned surveys in Poland (and more than 17,000 in eleven European countries) produced for two international research projects focused on the academic profession (CAP: “Changing Academic Profession” and EUROAC: “The Academic Profession in Europe”). This paper concludes that Polish universities are operating according to the traditional collegial model of the university as a “community of scholars” to an extent that is unparalleled in Western Europe. A detailed study of selected variables and specifically constructed indexes indicates that the defining feature of Polish academia today is the power of academic collegial bodies. The influence of collegial bodies on academic decision-making in Poland is the highest in Europe; and, in contrast, the power of the government and external stakeholders is the lowest. However, academics, sharing the “republic of scholars” institutional vision of the university, and still highly influential in university decision-making, are currently confronted with higher education reforms grounded in an instrumental vision of the university (in which it is a tool for national political agendas). Consequently, powerful value-driven clashes between the academic community and the community of policymakers and reformers are to be expected to intensify. The major theoretical concepts used in this paper come from Johan P. Olsen’s, Ian McNay’s and Robert Birnbaum’s studies of university governance, and its findings are presented from a European comparative and quantitative perspective.