Studia Rossica Posnaniensia, Nr 37 (2012)
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Item „Maленькая Вера” (1988) – „настолько отвратительного в нашей стране еще не было…”. Возмущенные против образованных. Голос к эскизу о менталитете „homo sovieticus” у порога новой эры(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Kistowska, Maria NataliaThe article is thought to be a contribution to a study on the mentality of homo sovieticus on the edge of a crucial period – perestroika. The basic material for the author were letters written by the audience to a movie screenwriter, Maryia Khmielik, and published as the last chapter of a film-based novel, both with the same title – Little Vera. This large body of voices stands up against – in their opinion – shameless and vile erotic scenes and against those few home truths which are presented. The portrait of homo sovieticus is fished out from fragments of the letters. Homo sovieticus seems to be sad, miserable, helpless and adrift in a new reality – just like the film’s characters.Item „А вы в конец света верите?”. Апокалипсис в современной русской литературе: пророчества индейцев в романе Дмитрия Глуховского „Сумерки"(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Szarycz, IreneuszDmitry Glukhovsky’s Sumerki (Twilight, 2007) is the story of a young Muscovite who takes up the task of decoding the prophecies of the Maya Indians and connects them with the catastrophes that plague today’s world: earthquakes in Iran, hurricanes in the USA, tsunamis in Indonesia, and drought and conflagrations in Russia. The newspaper headlines and TV news announcements look like Maya Indian prophecies. While translating the old diary of a Spanish conquistador, he becomes involved in a maelstrom of incredible events which will help him interpret the predictions and look into the future, even at the cost of his own life. Can the world be saved? This is the question that Glukhovsky already asked his readers in his previous, dark and apocalyptic science fiction novel Metro 2033 (2005) about a bleak and not-too-distant future. His novel Sumerki is more than a novel – it is rather a metaphor and a manifesto.Item Валентин Распутин и Григор Тютюнник: рефлексы „времени подростка”(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Nariwskaja, WalentynaThe phenomenon of “the time of teenager” in the literature is investigated in the article. The key characteristics of the teenager as a literary type and its genesis in Russian, Ukrainian and foreign literature are allocated. The existential poetics of the image of a teenager in Valentine Rasputin’s story, French Lessons, and Grygor Tiutiunnyk’s stories Death of the Gentleman and The Ovary is analyzed.Item Венок из сказа: круглый фантастический маршрут по пластам наррации между иронией и наивностью (по материалам Исаака Бабеля, Татьяны Толстой и Жоржи Амаду)(2012) Aloe, StefanoThe essay tries to trace a path along some of the mechanisms of skaz following the works of very different authors: Tat’jana Tolstaja’s Kys, Isaak Babel’s tales and Jorge Amado’s Captains of the Sand. The joining aspect between these works must be found in the writers’ common attitude of permitting the characters and the internal narrator to directly convey their own points of view, while the author eclipses him or herself in a very hidden position. The reader has to reconstruct the author’s point of view by awakening his or her presence in the text, which is hinted at implicitly by irony, nostalgy, etc. Especially irony acts as a veiled link between the author and the reader, who percives his or her self-exclusion from the hic et nunc of the narration and from the characters’ skaz: irony underlines this unreachable distance and separates the reader from the naive narrator as well as taking the author away from his or her narrator.Item Взгляд извне: русская литература в творчестве украинского критика Мыколы Евшана(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Korbicz, HalinaIn the works of Mykola Yevshan (1890–1919), the leading critic of early Ukrainian modernism, the issue of Russian literature is of particular significance. An analysis of Yevshan’s papers shows that he referred both to the literature and philosophical thought of Western Europe as well as to Russian literary tradition. He particularly esteemed the achievements of Russian realism, considering them as having universal and ageless values. He hoped to find the answers to questions of an existential and social nature which troubled modernists in the works of the greatest Russian writers, Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Leo Tolstoy.Item „Дела давно ушедших дней...” в контексте „Улицы генералов” Анатолия Гладилина(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Mianowska, JoannaIn the article the artistic work and silhouette of a forgotten Russian emigrant, Anatoly Gladilin, are both researched. He was a representative of the third wave of Russian emigration and the author of The Street of Generals. In the so-called Soviet text the atmosphere of the 1960s, in which Anatoly Gladilin appeared as a writer, was reconstructed. Reflecting the historical and factual image of the 1960s generation, Gladilin recalls many authors who, as well as he, were forced to leave their homeland and to eat the bitter bread of exile.Item Десять игр с временем. Концептуализация времени в поэзии Инны Лиснянской(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Nikadem-Malinowska, EwaInna Lisnianska, a Russian poet born in 1928, debuted in the late 1950s and has been publishing intellectual and inspired poetry since then. One of her major artistic achievements has been the creation of the linguistic concept of time. The poems that were selected for this analysis show the poet’s ability to recognize the signs of time “in everything” (M. Bachtin).Item Женская правда-истина в произведениях Валентина Распутина(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Kompaniejec, WalerijThe artistic characterology of Valentin Rasputin is considered from the angle of the gnosiological categories of truth. The characters are interpreted in the gender aspect. The author concentrates on stories by V. Rasputin, mainly, on the work Zhivi y pomni (Live and Remember).Item Женщины в жизни и творчестве Сергея Есенина(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Popiel-Machnicki, WawrzyniecThe literary criticism of Sergei Yesenin’s poetry notices what is most visible in it: a description of Russia and the native Ryazan region imbued with the religion and rural cosmogony of ancestors. His hedonistic character, which was his tendency towards alcohol consumption and a rich erotic life, was frequently emphasized. This emphasis was to decrease the importance of spirituality in his works. The present article is an attempt at describing the importance of women in Sergei Yesenin’s life and works.Item Кавказ в последний год жизни и творчества Михаила Лермонтова(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Jatczak, GrażynaThe theme of Caucasia is present in all of Lermontov’s works. In the last year of his life the poet altered the way Caucasia and its inhabitants were perceived. He changed this from a romantic to a realistic description and began the process of deglorifying his characters, as he was interested in the Eastern mentality and philosophy.Item „Маленький человек” в современном пространстве(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Pudowa, TatianaThe article analyzes the literary works of modern writers which are based on Gogol’s The Overcoat (Shinel). These stories and The Overcoat (Shinel) are united by a general theme – “the small person”. By addressing Gogol’s creativity the authors open up in what way the typical features of Gogol’s protagonist, Bashmachkin, have become true in the modern space.Item Мемуары Анны Евдокимовны Лабзиной – документ познания нравственности русской женщины в конце XVIII века(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Waliszewska, GrażynaAnna Labzina, born in the eighteenth century in a gentry family, left extraordinary memoirs. Her diaries are not a testimony of time but rather reflect her very own experiences and emotions connected with her unsuccessful marriage, a decision which was made when she was thirteen years old. Her notes confirm the eighteenth-century principle of absolute dependence on one’s husband. Labzina accepts and suffers dependence meekly, but from her words the picture of a “pained soul” emanates – the only thing she can rebel against is her fate.Item „Меня ждет на улице дождь” – анализ мотива дождя в творчестве Виктора Цоя(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Paulus, Jędrzej MelchiorViktor Tsoi and his band KINO were some of the most well-known musicians of the late 1980s in the former USSR. Their influence on Russian rock-culture has been quite large and their output started being analyzed a few years ago. One of the main themes in Tsoi’s poems and songs is rain. This work is an attempt to interpret this motif in some of Tsoi’s most important songs. The author, after his analysis, concludes that rain is always combined with some strong negative feelings, such as sadness or anger.Item Место человека в концепции времени Михаила Осоргина(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Murawski, AntoniThe main subject of the article is the way Mikhail Osorgin perceives the relation between man and time in his emigration novels. The category of time in Osorgin’s works cannot be considered apart from the human factor. Osorgin has always been interested in man’s role and place in the eternal stream of time.Item Молитва и религиозная жестикуляция в поэзии Есенина(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Szokalski, JerzyThe theme of this essay is to present some religious practices in the lyric poetry of Sergei Yesenin, especially the rites of the Orthodox Church along with many accompanying manifestations of the spiritual life and all kinds of gestures (mostly very distant) associated with the sphere of human religiosity. The author stresses the autonomy of the Orthodox Church as a way of perceiving the world and the mystical communion with it. This communication takes place primarily at the level of language, and particularly at the level of body language and the gestures of the language that could (although, as emphasized, not always) express the certain intentions and feelings of a religious entity as well as quasi-ritual or ceremonial speech acts: invocations, prayers, veneration, etc., but seen in some isolation from their religious functions.Item Неизвестный известный поэт. Про еврейский аспект жизни и творчества Самуила Маршака(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Rzeszewska, DorotaSamuil Marshak, the father of Soviet children’s literature, started his literary career as a supporter of Zionism, a movement that was particularly popular in the Russian Empire in the first decade of the 20th century. During the Stalinist era this descendant of great rabbinic families and author of the collections of poems Zionides and Palestine was forced to hide his Jewish roots. However, Jewish themes are present in Marshak’s pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary work.Item О жанровом своеобразии „Современной идиллии” Михаила Салтыкова-Щедрина(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Sokolanskij, MarkThe article focuses on the genre of Russian satirist Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin’s book The Modern Idyll. Special attention is paid to the traditions of a cervantesian type of novel in the book, the ironic code in the title and narration, real objects of bitter political satire, a great number of literary quotations, reminiscences and so on. On the whole the novel may be qualified as a novel-pamphlet.Item О литературном дебюте Андрея Соболя(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Hazan, WładymirThe article examines the early steps in the literature of a prominent Russian writer, Andrey Sobol (1888–1926). The first published story A. Sobol himself pointed to was “Chelovek s prozvischami” (A Man with Nicknames), which appeared in print in 1913. In fact, A. Sobol’s literary debut took place much earlier – in 1904. As the author of the article believes, Sobol attempted to cut out the first texts from his biography because these were unskillfully written. However, it is important to consider his literary debut in order to understand the evolution which Sobol accomplished from his early works to becoming an interesting and brilliant writer.Item О морском „voyage de noce” („На «Титанике»” Михаила Зенкевича)(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Kulikowa, ElenaYelena Kulikova’s paper “On a Sea Voyage de Noce (M. Zenkevich’s On the «Titanic»)” analyzes Mikhail Zenkevich’s poem about the demise of the famous ship against the background of Dante’s Divine Comedy. The author notes the Acmeist approach in Zenkevich’s description of the Titanic where the object crafted by the hands of a human creator becomes alive. The sea voyage de noce of the protagonists is interrupted by the destruction of the Titanic and turns into a journey through the circles of Hell, while Helène becomes a double for Beatrice and, like Dante’s heroine, saves the protagonist’s soul.Item Образ женщины в творчестве Владимира Войновича(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Zywert, AleksandraThis article is devoted to the issue of the evolution of how a woman is portrayed in Vladimir Voinovich’s works. In the author’s early works a woman’s portrayal was relatively poor, stereotypical and neutral; then it became more diverse and profound from the point of view of its ideological significance. A woman steps away from the man’s background and transforms herself into his equal partner in the process of creating reality.