Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia, 2011, Tom XVI
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Item Andrzej Rozwadowski, Obrazy z przeszłości. Hermeneutyka sztuki naskalnej, Poznań 2009(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Harat, KarolinaThe review of A. Rozwadowski’s „Images from the Past: Hermeneutics of the Rock Art” underlines its innovative approach to the complexity of the problem presented in this study.Item Archeologia klasyczna w poszukiwaniu swej tożsamości. Między przeszłością, teraźniejszą a historią sztuki(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Bugaj, EwaThe article defines classical archaeology as one of the first and oldest branches of archaeology practised in Europe by stressing that interests in the relics of ancient civilisations have been deeply embedded in the cultural self-identification of various peoples of Europe. The author aims to recognize how the modern world values contribute to interpretation and conservation of the classical past, especially Greek art and architecture, alongside other ancient objects, and how the Western elites treated them in the past centuries. The issue of common roots of classical archaeology and history of art as well as their long-lasting relationships are also thoroughly discussed. Discrepancies between major research procedures of classical archaeology and art history are scrutinized, especially in terms of an arguable irrelevance of modern concept of art in relation to archaeological evidence. The role of museums in relation to art and antiquities trade is also raised. Furthermore, the author discusses classical archaeology within broader issues of contemporary archaeology. It is recognized that classical archaeology has certainly changed by resigning from the previously dominant connoisseur knowledge approach to artefacts, concentrated solely on the works of art often seen as autonomous entities devoid of the context of their production, meaning and perception. Finally, the author defines contemporary classical archaeology as a rapidly changing discipline, reformulating its research agenda and opening up to cooperation with numerous other disciplines. Nevertheless, this should not mean a wholesale rejection of its great legacy of being a history of ancient art. On the contrary, this traditions ought to be redefined and incorporated into contemporary research agenda of the discipline.Item „Archeologia Uniwersytecka w Poznaniu. Jej wczoraj i dziś”. Obrzycko, 2-3 lipca 2009 r. Sprawozdanie z konferencji zorganizowanej przez Instytut Prahistorii Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Minta-Tworzowska, DanutaItem Badania Instytutu Prahistorii UAM w Poznaniu na Tell Arbid (północno-wschodnia Syria) w latach 2008-2009(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Koliński, RafałIn 2008 a new research project has been launched by the Institute of Prehistory, Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań in the framework of Polish-Syrian Archaeological Mission to Tell Arbid. The objective of the project is to make extensive clearance of the remains identified previously in Sector SR at Tell Arbid as belonging to the post-Akkadian period (ca. 2150-2000 BC), a period of alleged abandonment and cultural collapse in the north-eastern part of Syria. Two seasons of fieldwork resulted in extensive exposure of the post-Akkadian structures, including several buildings, household and industrial installations (pottery kiln) as well as some graves. Among the findings, a considerable number of copper/bronze tools, implements and jewelry pieces are worth mentioning; the presence of numerous artifacts of copper/bronze and of a sandstone casting mould is suggestive of presence of a foundry at the site. Beside the post-Akkadian remains, an overlying level belonging to Habur Ware period (ca 1800-1700 BC) was explored. It featured mainly foundations of houses as well as a considerable number of graves dug into the surface of the tell. Among the graves, three family chamber graves stand out, because of their well-preserved construction, including a vaulted chamber, and an entrance shaft protected by a retention wall. One of these graves yielded a rich set of burial gifts, including weapons and other implements of copper/bronze, more than dozen pottery vessels and over 200 beads, as well as some semi-precious stones. Work at the site will be continued in 2010.Item Badenizacja niżowych ugrupowań kultury pucharów lejkowatych w międzyrzeczu Odry i Wisły: 3600/3500-2400/2350 przed Chr. Podstawy systematyki chronologiczno-przestrzennej(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Przybył, AgnieszkaThe main objective of the dissertation was to discuss, departing from the taxonomical viewpoint, the impact of Baden culture upon the lowlands FBC communities in the Oder and Vistula basins in the period of 3600/3500–2400/2350 BC. The work was conducted within the project „The Great Valley Area of Funnel Beaker Culture Badenization. Carpathian Eneolithic Protocivilization Centre’s Contribution to the Development of the Elbe-Saale and Vistula drainages societies on the threshold of the Early Metal Age”, financed by the Polish Committee for Scientific Research. This project included study of temporal resolution of the youngest FBC societies in the Great Valley area influenced by the protocivilization of Baden societies. Moreover, the identification of representative groups belonging to both cultures has been possible thanks to constructing a register of identifiers of the process in question, including adaptation and transformation of „initial” Baden Culture’s patterns among Kuyavian FBC societies. The project further focused upon synchronization of the lowlands phenomena with the old-highland Badenization processes in the areas of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Moravia. Systematic application of radiocarbon dating made the project particularly remarkable achievement. Altogether, 33 samples have been dated. Thanks to this method, it was possible to define a chronological position of taxons connected with the phenomena related to the Badenization process of the lowlands in three research areas: Kuyavia (mainly), Northern Greater Poland and Lower Silesia (auxiliary data). The project results contributed to the debate on the role of the Baden patterns in the latitudinal system of cultural ties in the Great Valley area between the Elbe-Saale and Vistula rivers. As these phenomena have not yet been satisfactorily recognized, especially in Greater Poland and in the Elbe river basin, a complex comparative analysis, making possible a systematic conceptualization of the process, has not been feasible. The project made possible to capture a historical context of the process of Badenization in the Great Valley zone and identified further research directions. These comprise multidimensional studies of the late and final phase in the development of Funnel Beaker Culture and the emergence of the early Bronze Age civilization in the Great Valley areas.Item Błogosławiony Edmund Bojanowski (1814-1871) jako amator archeologii regionalnej. Fragment starożytnictwa w Wielkim Księstwie Poznańskim(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Fogel, JerzyEdmund Bojanowski was a son of the impoverished noble Polish family. He spent most of his life in Grabonog near Gostyń (Great Poland). For a short period of time, he studied human sciences, including archaeology, at German universities in Breslau and Berlin. After returning permanently from abroad, Bojanowski has completely devoted himself to a charitable, educational and religious work with people from rural areas. In June 1839 he carried out archaeological excavations of a multicultural prehistoric cemetery in Grabonog. The results of this project were published in a popular weekly magazine „Przyjaciel Ludu” (see appendix I) in 1842. Edmund Bojanowski was a very active member of Kasyno Gostyńskie, which among others, was interested in patriotic antiquities (see appendix II). As the devoted servant of God, Edmund Bojanowski was personally beatified by Pope John Paul II in Warsaw on June 13, 1999.Item Dolnoodrzańska enklawa kultury ceramiki sznurowej w ramach circumbałtyckiego kręgu KCSZ(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Matuszewska, AgnieszkaThe present project has taken two spatial dimensions: regional and pan-regional. As far the regional dimension is concerned, I focused on the region of the lower Oder river. The main objective of this project was to create the fundamentals of taxonomic-chronological systematics of Corded Ware Culture materials for this region as well as summarise and verify previous achievements of studies on the aforementioned issue. However, as regards the pan-regional dimension, I attempted at discussing this region against the background of a wider communicative community– the circum-Baltic circle of Corded Ware Culture.Item Fajki oraz sposoby używania tytoniu na obszarze obecnych zachodnich ziem polskich od XVII do początku XX wieku(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Gil, ŁukaszClay pipes are common category of archaeological data. These are very interesting and useful artifacts. In most cases, their chronological position and the place of origin are easy to determine. The first clay pipes appeared in the western areas of present-day Poland in the beginning of the 17th century. They were made by pipe makers from Amsterdam and Gouda City (Holland). In the second half of the 17th century in southern part of western areas of present-day Poland or in their neighbourhood, local manufactures producing clay pipes for local market – Śląsk, eastern Saksonia and southern Branderburgia, were established. The products from Gouda were the most popular in the first half of the 18th century. Machiel Brem, Hendrick Manshoofd, Lucas de Jong, Jacob de Vos, Danens’ Family manufacture and Frans Verzijl were among their biggest exporters to western areas of present-day Poland. From the second half of the 18th century, the pipe makers from Gouda had to compete with products of local manufactures, such as Rościn, Zborowskie and Weissenspring. Stub-stemmed pipes came to western areas of present-day Poland from Turkey around the middle of the 17th century. It is worth mentioning that drawing snuff was very popular in the western areas of present-day Poland in the 18th century, but cigars and cigarettes became more popular only in the following centuries.Item Holoceńskie społeczności zbieracko – łowieckie zachodniej części Niżu Polskiego w kontekście analiz funkcjonalnych inwentarzy krzemiennych(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Pyżewicz, KatarzynaThis PhD project was aimed at presenting selected aspects of daily life of hunter-gathering societies in the western Polish lowlands. It was based on the microscopic analysis of flint artifacts supported by experimental data. The primary method comprised use-wear analysis of lithic surfaces. The interpretation of observed macro- and microtraces was based upon experimental data. The study reveals how flint artifacts were used, what was the relationship between physical actions and traces left on particular tools, and what kind of materials were utilized at the site. The reconstruction of flint hafting as well as identification of several techniques of blank production and tool retouching comprised an integral part of the study. The results of macroscopic and microscopic analysis, conducting experiments, typology and technology as well as raw material attributes made possible to reveal the relation between selection of the material, production technique, artifact forms, and their function. The rationale behind decisions at particular stages of production and utilization of flint artifacts has also been identified. The results of the project contribute to the recognition of behaviour of hunters and gatherers in the Holocene of Central Europe.Item IX Międzynarodowa Interdyscyplinarna Sesja Studentów Archeologii „Oblicza śmierci. Perspektywy badawcze”, Puszczykowo, 3-5 grudnia 2007 r.(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Michalik, TomaszItem Jednoprzestrzenne kościoły romańskie z terenu Wielkopolski(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Różański, Artur‘Rural’ ecclesiae laicorum have remained mute witnesses of our history; they have been deserted, forgotten and frequently falling into ruin. Single-nave Romanesque churches from the territories of Poland have not been much interest for the scholars of the Middle Ages. A full monograph on such churches from Greater Poland has not been written yet. This remains in a striking opposition to analogues buildings from Western Pomerania, Silesia or the New March. The only incomplete and to a large extent outdated work on this subject is Stanisław Wiliński’s paper Granite village churches of 12th century in Greater Poland or an exiguous paper by Alicja Karłowska- Kamzowa addressing the question of their foundation. The main aim of my book is the presentation of single-nave churches from Greater Poland erected in the period between the second half of the eleventh century and the end of the thirteenth century, in their historical and settlement context. Only churches that have been subject to archeological excavations have been included. Therefore, two factors determined whether a church has been chosen and included in this study: firstly, some archeological excavations must have been carried out within it, and secondly, the church must have played a basic role as a Christianization centre for ‘rural’ areas.Item Kilka uwag na marginesie badań stosunków społecznych ludności „łużyckiej”(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Żychlińska, JustynaThe presented paper aims at addressing one of aspects of study of social relations in the Lusatian culture, namely exclusion of some children bodies from the kin cemetery. In the course of the Lusatian culture development, this self-inclusiveness of human groups ceased leading to attributing the kin status even to the newborns. However, recent studies of numerous Lusatian cemeteries seem to question this hypothesis. This discrepancy can be partly explained by burying some infants, as well as adults, in consecrated places outside the kin cemeteries. This is well manifested in case of the settlement at Łęczyska, Łodź province where dozens of children and adults have been buried in distinctively isolated three zones, which correspond to the triple model of the rite de passage. This clearly implies that even individuals, otherwise excluded from a given social group, are treated with due honor and respected after the death so their souls can be granted eternal peace.Item Kontakty społeczności Europy Środkowej i strefy egejskiej w II tysiącleciu p.n.e. Próba analizy archeologiczno-chronometrycznej(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Suchowska-Ducke, PaulinaLong-distance contacts, exchange of goods and more organized forms of trade have been a part of human life since the beginning of what is commonly perceived as culture. One reason for this has always been an unequal geographic distribution of desirable raw materials such as obsidian, flint, or metals. Another driving force comprises the construction of social networks through the exchange of extraordinary objects. My work explores the connectivity and cross-cultural communication between the Bronze Age societies, in particular the Mycenaean world and Central Europe. These links are less researched than those between the Eastern Mediterranean societies of the time. The cultural differences between the Mycenaean Greece and Central Europe, along with the diversity of their societies, provide an interesting and strongly debated case study. There are significant differences in opinions on the nature of these relations, their importance, intensity, and range. Archaeological evidence of cross-cultural contacts between Central Europe and the Aegean is rich and diverse. It includes amber, faience, weapons and tools, dress fasteners, personal ornaments and jewellery, metal vessels, Handmade Barbaric Ware, horse harness made of bone and antlers, loaf-of-bread idols and decorative elements, etc. Despite the often unclear context in which these objects and elements have been found, there is a striking similarity of appearance and this shared materiality may indicate shared notions of technology and ideology.Item Kulturowy charakter czasu i przestrzeni. Analiza średniowiecznego i wczesnorenesansowego elitarnego budownictwa mieszkalnego i obronnego w Irlandii(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Kiarszys, GrzegorzThe main goal of my PhD thesis is socio-cultural interpretation of architectural space in Medieval Irish castles. Furthermore, I intend to discuss the way archaeologists think and write about the past. The first part of the PhD thesis is an attempt to define my own understanding of concepts such as memory, tradition, culture, society, social order, power, architecture, cultural spacetime, language, and narration. The idea of the past is not only concerned with past events. Its picture is created by present perception and future expectations. These play a key role in the way in which we create cause and effect relationships, which is to provide foundations for the structure of past narratives. Consequently, our idea of the past and its meaning shifts dynamically according to our expectations and social context. This is also fundamental for constructing cultural identity. In archaeology, this problem has a form of relationships between archaeological data and the past. I believe artefacts can only be seen as an inspiration for different pictures of the past created by archaeologists. They may have lost their connection with the past and become an element of the present context. The second part of my PhD thesis concerns social relations in Medieval society. This is based upon analysis of the elite architecture in Ireland. The most important research issueconcerns the meaning of architectural space in castles. This comprises the followingquestions: How did the architecture reflect social status of its inhabitants? In what ways might the arrangement of the interior have influenced social practice? What was the perception of elite architecture by non-elite groups? The cultural construction of architectural time and space is related to social order and group identity. I believe that searching for meaning of the symbolism involves thinking about castles as a metaphor of theatre or stage of social life. We need to understand not only the symbolic meaning of every individual detail but also their mutual relationships and purpose. There are approximately 3,500 castles in Ireland surviving to the present day. The late Medieval Ireland was possibly the most heavily castellated part of Western Europe. Numerous and constant wars between the Anglo-Norman aristocracy and the indigenous Gaelic Chieftains led to social unrest and anxiety. It was also one of the main reasons for the rapid development of castles. History of architecture can be considered as a history of human society. Changes of style and design are in fact often related to social conflict, which not only gives impetus to the development of the art but can also be destructive. Irish castles are indicative of such conflict.Item „Ludy Morza” na tle przeobrażeń kulturowych w strefie pontyjsko-bałkańskiej w 2. poł. II tys. p.n.e.(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Cieszewska, JustynaThe project intended to investigate cultural, social and political situation of the second half of the second millenium BC in the catchment area of the Black and the Aegean Seas. The cultural transformations taking place at that time in the Pontic-Balkan area have been discussed within this framework. In terms of chronology, it covers the period between 1500 and 1150 BC, that is prior to the expansion of the Sea Peoples and shortly afterwards. A particular attention has been drawn on events taking place around the 12th century BC. The primary aim of this work was to specify a nature of interrelations, socio-political structure as well as cultural correlations between Eastern and Southern Europe. These issues were discussed in a broad spatial perspective, partially in reference to temperate Europe, northern Pontic zone, Eastern, Central and Western Balkans and Aegean- Anatolian zone. This allowed for a comprehensive overview of the “political-historical” situation. The core of the discussion was concentrated on the genesis of the so-called Sea Peoples, whose invasion of the late 13th and 12th centuries BC affected broad areas of the eastern Mediterranean. The study has been based upon the assumption on a possibility of producing a comprehensive overview of archaeological and historical materials making possible to interrogate the Sea Peoples both from the northern (Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkans) and southern perspective (eastern Mediterranean). The most important part of the study has been devoted to detailed analysis of archaeological artefacts and historical documents (written and iconographic sources) making possible to address these issues. Evidence of Sea Peoples invasion from Central and Eastern Europe comprise swords of the Naue II type, swords and daggers of the Krasny Mayak type, spearheads and arrows, a decorative motive of waterfowl heads, hatchets and the so-called barbarian ceramic, among others.Item Międzynarodowa konferencja pt. „Szlaki Międzymorza: Bałtyk – Bug – Boh – Pont (od III do połowy I tysiąclecia przed Chr.), Obrzycko, 13-16 października 2008 r.(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Suchowska-Ducke, Paulina; Ignaczak, MarcinItem Od nadwarciańskiego matecznika ku archeologii pogranicza Zachodu i Wschodu Europy(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Kośko, AleksanderItem On grain, bones, and Khabur collapse(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Koliński, RafałA hypothesis on the total collapse of the settlement in Northern Syria at the end of the third millennium BC, put forward in 1993 by Harvey Weiss and his team, is one of the most disputed issues in the protohistoric archaeology of North Mesopotamia. Today it is obvious that the crisis has not been as general as Weiss believed. Also his original explanation of the cause of this event (volcano eruption in the Near East) is generally doubted. The author discusses the present state of knowledge of the archaeology of this period as well as proxy data used for environmental reconstructions, because an environmental crisis is considered to be the most likely cause of the decline in settlement. One of the aims of the paper is to propose new sources for environmental proxies, which may help in the formulation of a more accurate reconstruction of environmental trends in the Near East in general.Item Osadnictwo ma wyspie Thira (Santoryn) od neolitu po późną epokę brązu(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Kufel, MariuszThis article presents a history of the Thera Island occupation in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Altogether, 13 settlements and 2 cemeteries have been recorded from this period. The island was inhabited until the Late Bronze Age. The most significant centre on the island was surely the town of Akrotiri. At the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, a large eruption of the Santorini volcano took place which ceased the occupation and covered the almost entire island with a thick layer of pumice.Item Osadnictwo wczesnośredniowieczne nad Jeziorem Wojnowickim(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2011) Jankowska, DobrochnaThe article aims to present the results of rescue excavations of Early Medieval sites located in the area of the planned reservoir „Wonieść” (Great Poland) and carried out in the years 1976–1980. In particular, the results of excavations of remains of a metallurgical settlement at Wojnowice 2, Osieczna commune, are discussed.