Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej, 6/2012
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Item Deutschland in Europa. Eine neue Rolle nach der Finanzkrise?(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Crome, ErhardGermany in Europe. A new role after the financial crisis? The main proposition of the author of the paper is that the role and importance of Germany in Europe has increased during the financial crisis of the eurozone. In the opinion of the author, since the government of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, and especially since his refusal to take part in the anti-Iraq coalition in 2003, German foreign policy has been marked by assertiveness and followed exclusively German national interests. The cabinet of Angela Merkel continues this approach, and the solutions to solve the eurozone’s financial crisis Berlin has proposed and promoted are primarily subordinated to the needs of the German economy. In the author’s opinion, in the future, Germany will treat the European Union instrumentally as what is termed a hinterland (backup facilities) for emerging German ambitions to become a great powerItem Die EU-Russland-Beziehungen: eine Ausweitung innenpolitischer Interessen?(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Dmitrieva, AnnaSummary Relations between the European Union and Russia:the development of internal political interests? In the paper, the author emphasizes a new stage in relations between Russia and the EU in 2008, following the election of D.Medvedev for president. This marked the beginning of intensive talks on the extension of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) and the launch of the EU-Russian Partnership for Modernization. These activities failed, which primarily resulted from how the internal situation developed in Russia. The EU observed that democratization in Russia failed to progress, and the guiding motto of the Putin/Medvedev tandem was to gain and maintain power. The EU was particularly critical of the state parliamentary elections in 2011 and presidential elections in 2012. The EU and Russia have different points of view on the development of bilateral relations. Russia expects the EU to provide technological support and abandon visas, whereas the EU expects Russia to observe Western standards of human rights, freedom of the media and an oligarch-free economy. It will be difficult to align the interests of the EU and Russia outside the energy sector, which is the only sector that may stabilize their overall relationship.Item Die Eurokrise und ihre strategischen Folgen für Europa(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Franzke, JochenThe euro crisis and its strategic implications for Europe The author claims that the eurozone crisis has generated the most difficult situation European integration has faced since the 1950s. The crisis will hinder the enlargement of the European Union with new members and the process of EU democratization. The role of Germany in the EU has been excessively increased, and Berlin will take advantage of this, persuading other partners to adopt German solutions in terms of recovery from the crisis. With the exception of the left-wing party (Die Linke), the remaining German political parties support the government’spoint of view. The eurozone crisis has resulted in the global deterioration of the EU’s image, contributing to a decline in its importance and impact.Item Federalizm europejski początków integracji europejskiej i doby kryzysu gospodarczego(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Jaskulski, AdamEuropean federalism at the beginnings of the European Union and in the time of economic crisis The purpose of this paper is to compare the federalist concepts at the onset of European integration processes after the Second World War and in the time of struggling with the economic crisis. The starting point for the analysis is to present the initial situation, which in both periods was referred to as the crisis of the nation-state. In the first case, the nation-state was found guilty of instigating two world wars, and in the other it was guilty of the collapse of the public finances of eurozone Member States. Whether at the turn of the 1940s or now, an effective way out of the crisis is sought in federalism.Item Instytucje demokracji bezpośredniej w procesie integracji europejskiej – od referendum ogólnonarodowego do europejskiej inicjatywy obywatelskiej(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Musiał-Karg, MagdalenaInstitutions of direct democracy in the process of European integration: from nationwide referendum to European civic initiative. The idea of civic participation in national decision-making processes is an important part of European history. By means of implementing the principle of the sovereignty of nations, those eligible to vote are able to express their will through the institutions of direct democracy and representative democracy. The instruments of direct democracy are an extremely interesting research subject – not only due to the fact that the number of votes on European integration has been very high (especially in the last decade), but also because EU Member States, being aware of the importance of citizen involvement in the process of integration in Europe, established the institution of the European citizens’ initiative. Using this instrument, European citizens can impact the politics of the EU. The purpose of this text is to answer the question of the role of direct democracy and its tools in the process of European integration, as well as of the prospects for the use of direct forms of governance in the process of deepening and widening integration in Europe.Item International roles of the European Union(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Zięba, RyszardThe European Union plays a few kind of international roles: economic, political and security, and civilisational ones. The economic roles are the following: the world leader of sustainable development and the pattern of successful and complex integration, the biggest shareholder of world trade, the supplier of biggest development aid, the donator of biggest humanitarian aid. The political and security roles are such as: the role of active diplomatic actor and the role of stabiliser of peace and international security. Moreover the EU plays the role of an attractive civilisational centre and promoter of European culture values. Above roles confirm the EU has growing significance and ambitions to became a complex and global international actor. To materialise them the EU must to overcome the financial crisis and to save the threatened Euro zone, what is the sine qua non condition to survive the EU as a subject.Item Koordynacja polityki fiskalnej i pieniężnej strefy euro w obliczu kryzysu finansowego(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Skrzypczyńska, JoannaThe coordination of the eurozone’s fiscal and monetary policy in the face of the economic crisis. The financial crisis of 2008 has subjected the eurozone to a serious test. Is it feasible to achieve an effective co-ordination of fiscal and monetary policy in the eurozone? Given the circumstances, what role will the European Central Bank play, and what will be the role of Member States? The aim of this paper is to analyze the opportunities for greater coordination of fiscal and monetary policy in the eurozone given the current economic crisis. The first part of the paper presents the principles of monetary policy, its objectives and tasks. The role of the European Central Bank in the development of this policy and monetary policy instruments used to mitigate the consequences of declining confidence in the eurozone are also examined. The second part of the paper concentrates on the objectives and functions of fiscal policy. The last part discusses selected instruments for closer cooperation of the eurozone countries in terms of fiscal policy.Item Kwestia cypryjska: przebieg i konsekwencje rokowañ w latach 2008–2012(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Osiewicz, PrzemysławThe Cyprus issue: the course and outcomes of the 2008–2012 negotiations. The main aim of the article was the presentation of the tendencies of economic relations development of the European Union with the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the conditions of globalisation. The success of the Russian political leaders in their bilateral relations with the European Union show how important, in the mutual is approaching, are the rules and effectiveness of the international system built up in the past sixty years. An objective interest of the transatlantic community is therefore to the west, for safe and prosperous Russia, was idealistic and at the same time realistic. At the same time as it is also important, that Russia and not Africa whether the Middle East, is for Europe force, with the strategic nature. In the long term, to the european economy effectively and permanently follow in globalisation processes and that term was competitive with, Russia and China must first become innovative economy. In terms of prospective it should be emphasised that the best hope for the peaceful development of the international cooperation offers the most important actors contemporary on the world stage.Item Liberałowie w Parlamencie Europejskim(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Kruk, AleksandraLiberals in the European Parliament The Liberals have forced their own beliefs through since European structures began to emerge, but their impact on the concept of integration was weaker than that voiced by the Christian Democrats and the Social Democrats. Factional activity in the European Parliament is another form of the operation of political parties, alongside traditional international party congresses. The paper presents the projects and views of liberal politicians on the process of European integration. Particular attention is paid to the opinions of Gaetano Martino, Cornelis Berkhouwer, Simone Veil, Pat Cox, Graham Watson and Andrew Duff.Item Niemcy w procesie integracji europejskiej na tle kryzysu greckiego(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Michalak, JakubGermany in the process of European integration and the Greek crisis Gerhard Schröder’s appointment as Chancellor of Germany in 1998 marked the first clear signs of Germany’s emancipation from the EU’s decision-making center in Brussels. It was,however, only after 2008, when the global economic crisis resonated across Europe, that Berlin maturely redefined its European policy priorities. Following that, the federal government gained more confidence in applying international policy tools to protect the German raison d’état in the Old Continent. For this reason Chancellor Angela Merkel has made the struggle with the financial problems of the eurozone one of the priorities of her second-term in office. The quality of bi- lateral cooperation between the leaders of Germany and France plays an important role in this respect, especially in view of Nicolas Sarkozy’s defeat in the latest presidential election. François Hollande has already proved that Paris has a different attitude to the issue of the redistri- bution of the eurozone members’ debt than Germany, and reaching a consensus will require the CDU leader to be more submissive than before. Angela Merkel is aware of the ongoing reconfiguration of European political alliances, therefore she is prepared to soften Germany’s diplomatic language to maintain the stability of the European currency, to which Germany owes its current position in Community decision-making structures. The main focus of this paper is to explore the formula of „European solidarity” of Germany in the context of the eurozone debt crisis, with particular emphasis on the case of the Hellenic Republic. Angela Merkel’s standpoint is tested in the context of German-French cooperation with respect to the eurozone debt clearing policy.Item Niemiecki model polityki społecznej na tle regulacji Unii Europejskiej(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Baran, PaulinaThe German model of social policy and the European Union regulations. The essential objective of the paper is to present the German model of social policy as compared to the social solutions adopted in the European Union. The author analyzes the transformations of social policy, established by virtue of the Treaty on the European Union, The Nice Treaty and Lisbon Treaty, among other documents. The further part of the paper presents the main as sumptions of the German model of the welfare state. The author concludes with a suggestion that, at a time of global financial crisis, both the European Union and Germany will need to change their social policies.Item Niemieckie wizje kształtu Unii Europejskiej w okresie rządów Gerharda Schrodera(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Kłys, JustynaGerman visions of the European Union during the Gerhard Schröder period The unusual activity of the Federal Republic of Germany during all integration processes in Europe was questioned after Gerhard Schröder’s victory in the 1998 election. The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands), which for many years had been pushed into opposition, did not have a clear vision of its European policy, which gave rise to concerns from European partners. In addition, the coalition government of the SPD-Union 90/The Greens emphasized German interests in European politics more strongly than Christian Democratic governments. With a persistence that had never been seen before, they demanded that the financial burdens of the Federal Republic of Germany towards the EU budget be reduced and the Common Agricultural Policy be reformed, thereby giving up the „checkbook policy”. One of the focal points became the reform of the European Union’s institutional system and decision-making process. Joschka Fischer’s „From a union of states to a federation” speech, related to the reform of the EU, delivered in May 2000, marked a breakthrough and started an international debate on the political form of the Union. The author of this paper presents German ideas on European integration and visions of the form of the European Union from 1998–2005.Item Partnerstwo Wschodnie jako instrument polityki wschodniej UE?(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Barabasz, Adam, Marcin PiechockiThe Eastern Partnership as an element of the European Union’s Eastern policy Established on the initiative of Poland and Sweden, the Eastern Partnership encompasses sixstates located in the territory of the former USSR, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus. The program was officially initiated in 2009 by offering its members such solutions as softening visa restrictions, the establishment of free trade zones and signing association agreements. One of the priorities of the Polish Presidency, the Eastern Partnership culminated in the summit held in Warsaw on September 29–30, 2011. While Poland sees this project as an opportunity for further enlargements, other member states are not unanimous about what character it should have. Should the Eastern Partnership constitute the eastern dimension of the European Neighborhood Policy, or just the advancement of democratic values without promising EU membership in return for their implementation. This influences the assessment of the Eastern Partnership upon its third year of operation, and of the activities of the Polish Government during the Presidency. Although cooperation between the EU and the countries of the Eastern Partnership was not significantly advanced, Donald Tusk’s Government succeeded in maintaining the EU’s interest in this topic among member states otherwise engrossed in the eurozone crisis.Item Pierwotne i wtórne delegowanie kompetencji w wielopoziomowym systemie zarządzania Unii Europejskiej(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Ruszkowski, JanuszPrimary and secondary delegation of power in the Multi-level Governance system of the European Union The study was prepared on the basis of the Principal-Agent Theory (PAT) and a method that is associated with it. This choice resulted from the major trajectories in the delegation processes, established on the one hand by states playing the role of principals, and on the other – by supranational institutions in their role as agents. The delegation theory explains the relationship between an entity that delegates power and that which is delegated (the receiving power) and helps analyze the phenomenon of the transfer of power between those entities, its reasons, circumstances, stages of the process, the outcomes and proper terminology and typology. This approach is, therefore, based and focused on the theoretical achievements in the area of research into the process of delegating. The delegation theory is actually the focal plane of theoretical approaches concerning delegating with the elementsof the selection of the methods and logic of explanation, and so on. In addition to the clarification of the term of delegation of power and its stages, two basic types of delegation are examined,namely: primary and secondary delegation, and their derivatives, including the relationships between them in the multi-level governance of the European Union.Item Przewodniczący Rady Europejskiej – między strategią polityczną a rutyną pracy urzędnika(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Przybylska - Maszner, BeataThe President of the European Council – between politcal strategy and offcial routine Following the changes introduced by the Lisbon Treaty, the European Council elects its permanent president by a qualified majority. The first President of the European Council developed his office on his own, watched by those whose expectations envisaged him performing various tasks, such as leader, political strategist, broker, or just another EU official. The Treaty did not precisely define the range of powers conferred upon the President of the European Council but it provided a stimulus to start the adaptation of this new position to specific tasks. There is emer ging a new, post-Lisbon practice of the new institutional system’s operation, as well as the new form of the European Council, with a key role played by its President. The objective of this paper is to present the circumstances under which the office of President of the European Council was established, as well as an analysis of the scope of his responsibilities. These considerations are concluded with the evaluation of the theoretical and practical powers exercised by the President of the European Council during the first, and at the beginning of the second term.Item Rola Republiki Federalnej Niemiec w wizji polskiej prezydencji w Radzie Unii Europejskiej(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Bielawska, AgnieszkaThe role of the Federal Republic of Germany as perceived by the Polish Presidency of the Council of the European Union. This paper is an attempt to answer the question of the role R. Sikorski attributed to Germany during the Polish Presidency. Its aim is to examine the main proposals of the Minister of Foreign Affairs to combat the deepening debt and crisis of confidence in terms of their compliance with the proposals of the representatives of the German government. It is also an attempt to answer the question of whether, and if so how, the Minister’s speech affected Polish-German relations.Item Rozwój gospodarki Unii Europejskiej – Strategia Lizbońska, a nowy plan „Europa 2020″(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Stankiewicz, WojciechThe development of the European Union’s economy – the Lisbon Strategy and the new „Europe 2020” agenda The article points out that the co-ordination of economic policy plays a significant role in the proper functioning of an economy. In 2000, an economic development plan, known as the Lisbon Strategy, was designed within the framework of the European Union. The plan was ambitious and contained a number of assumptions that were to guarantee the unrivalled international competitiveness of Europe upon their implementation. On account of poor performance results the strategy was reviewed in 2005, yet it still failed to achieve the desired objectives. The reason for that were exaggerated ambitions that were not adjusted to the changing economic conditions in the world. In 2010, the Lisbon Strategy was replaced by the „Europe 2020” strategy, which may be less ambitious, but its assumptions are more realistic. The objective of the „Europe 2020” strategy is primarily to recover quickly from the crisis and prevent similar ones in the future, as well as to achieve sustainable economic growth while taking a more environmentally sound course.Item Stosowanie Karty Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej: Protokół brytyjski i Sprawozdania ze stosowania KPP UE(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Księżniakiewicz, MalwinaThe application of the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights: the British Protocol and the Reports on the Application of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights The first part of the paper analyzes the content of the British Protocol and the justification for its drafting. It also presents individual standpoints, and in particular Polish responses which triggered a general discussion, as was the case with the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Another part of the paper is devoted to analyzing the Reports on the Application of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, published annually since the Chart came into effect in 2010. The reports discuss issues that were successfully resolved, as well as those continuing to pose a challenge for the EU.Item Tendencje rozwoju stosunków ekonomicznych Unii Europejskiej z Federacją Rosyjską i Chińską Republiką Ludową w warunkach globalizacji(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Puślecki, Zdzisław W.The tendencies of economic relations development of the European Union with the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the conditions of globalisation The main aim of the article was the presentation of the tendencies of economic relations development of the European Union with the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the conditions of globalisation. The success of the Russian political leaders in their bilateral relations with the European Union show how important, in the mutual is approaching, are the rules and effectiveness of the international system built up in the past sixty years. An objective interest of the transatlantic community is therefore to the west, for safe and prosperous Russia, was idealistic and at the same time realistic. At the same time as it is also important, that Russia and not Africa whether the Middle East, is for Europe force, with the strategic nature. In the long term, to the european economy effectively and permanently follow in globalisation processes and that term was competitive with, Russia and China must first become innovative economy. In terms of prospective it should be emphasised that the best hope for the peaceful development of the international cooperation offers the most important actors contemporary on the world stageItem The Polish Presidency of the European Union Council: challenges and outcomes(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2012) Koszel, BogdanSince the financial crunch swept Europe in late 2008, Germany has opposed a coordinated EU campaign to aid the endangered states, claiming that each case should undergo a separate analysis. It was only the collapse of public finances in Greece and the financial problems of Ireland and Portugal that made Germany agree with France that it was necessary to establish special EU financial mechanisms in order to prevent the financial crises of EU member states; Germany also agreed that an ‘economic government’ of Eurozone states be created. Germany realizes very well that healing the Euro and the European economy is in its interest. Germany takes the greatest advantage of the single internal market as it sells the lion’s share of its vast industrial output without restriction there. Germany fears that abandoning the idea of the free flow of goods and capital may result in the emergence of new customs barriers and increased commercial protectionism. Finally, the collapse of the Eurozone might mean the end of the ‘project Europe’ Germany has contributed so much effort and money to.