Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 1999, nr 3-4
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Item AKTUALNE PROBLEMY MIĘDZYNARODOWEGO HANDLU BRONIĄ W ŚWIETLE PRAWA MIĘDZYNARODOWEGO I PRAWA WEWNĘTRZNEGO RP(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Heleniak, PawełInternational weapons trade is a domain which causes much troubles with every temptation to regulate this activity on international scale. It is clearly visible on the occasion of preparatory works on creating „New Forum” organisation. Hitherto existing regulations on the matter occurred to be insufficient in this respect. Single interdictions laid on the export of weapons issued by the Security Council of the United Nations seem to be rather dictated by some urgent necessity of a given moment than by serious intention or will to get a control over trading of weapons all over the world. No rules nor premises are up to the present elaborated for the puipose of sanctioning such a trading. In the light of recent events in Kosovo we can clearly see that the embargo laid on delivery of weapons was considered exclusively as an element of politics and not as a mean possible preventing the armed conflict. Nevertheless there is a consensus of the Security Council members (especially - of the permanent) on the existing o f a possibility to introduce interdictions of export o f weapons on large international scale. This consensus should become a starting point for to undertake efforts in order to create global system o f supervising and, eventually, of regulating the weapons traffic in the world.Item BOHDAN WINIARSKI JAKO SĘDZIA MIĘDZYNARODOWY(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Skubiszewskie, KrzysztofIn his memories the Author presented judicial career of Bohdan Winiarski - member of the International Court of Justice in the Hague (1946 -1967), then President of this Court (1961 -1964), also - the representative of Poland in the Assembly of the League o f Nations (1920 - 1922). Against this background the Author discusses opinions of Winiarski on international arbitration and international judicature as well as participation of this eminent jurist in Polish-German action at law on the matters on the Odra River (1921) and in the Korfu case (1946 - 1948), also - in the Bamadotte case, in the affairs of South-West Africa and in the case of Anglo-Iranian oil company. Also the opinions of Winiarski on the issue of interpretation o f the United Nations Charter are cited in the article. The Author gives also a review of some chosen advisory opinions and decisions as to the merits as taken by the International Court of Justice during the period of Winiarskis’ term of office.Item DYNAMIKA I PROBLEMY STRUKTURALNE PROCESÓW INTEGRACYJNYCH W EUROPIE(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Śliwińska, MagdalenaFor present candidates from Central and Eastern Europe to a membership in European Union - it is of most importance to understand the essence of integration processes which Western Europe undergoes after the World War II. It is so because of the fact that economic integration of several and of more than so much economies is a venture of utmost complexity and dynamism. This feature forces constantly to get solved a whole series of structural problems. Dynamics and specificity o f European integration consist in simultaneous alternation of two processes: firstly - deepening of integration within the framework of European Community and, secondly - enlarging the number of members of this organisation. Both of these processes, despite of definitional independence, have exerted their reciprocal influence and - in the history of the UE which counts already several decades - have together shaped the character of the European Union as an organisation. Since operational principles for six States-original members could be quite different than for the Union of 15 members - whereas successive rounds of enlargement can promptly even increase this number twofold. Closer and closer economic co-operation between members of the UE do demand next more and more common regulations and politics. As well the deepening of European integration as changes in ways of this integration - when we only take into consideration different levels of economic advancement of the candidates - do together change the character itself of the Union and conditions of admittance of new members, too. It is natural phenomenon; however, present candidates for a membership of the EU must be aware of the fact that European Union is in constant and dynamic development process, so - in the very moment of their admittance its functioning principles can differ to a great extent from those which were in force ten or twenty years ago.Item INTEGRATED QUALITY MANAGEMENT - KSZTAŁTOWANIE JAKOŚCI PRODUKTU TURYSTYCZNEGO W REGIONIE(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Gołembski, GrzegorzThe aim o f the article is to get a lecturer acquainted with selected new concepts of developing tourism - the result of which is growing necessity to ameliorate the quality itself of tourist product. In this respect a concept of integrated quality management in tourist regions was discussed in the article. Particular importance of a leadership and of determinating o f tourism development strategy in a given region have been stressed. Further - premises of applying such an integrated quality management under present Polish conditions were discussed and, on this occasion, some defaults of this system have been presented.Item NAUKA PRAWA W ŻYCIU I DZIAŁALNOŚCI BOHDANA WINIARSKIEGO(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Sandorski, JanThe article is a biographical record of the course of life and scientific activity of Bohdan Winiarski (1884 - 1969). Reminding the lecturer a character o f Professor Winiarski - the Author emphasises his merits in quality of member of the International Court o f Justice and of the Institute of International Law. He recalls next issues o f interest and personal engagement of this eminent expert in international law - not only as a jurist but also as a politician (among others - armed conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland is here recalled). Drawing briefly up the vicissitudes of Winiarski, the Author cites chronologically his successive achievements, most important publications and opinions on the then virtual legal problems of international nature. Largely are also discusses opinions of Winiarski on didactic matters of international law with emphasis laid on the attention which Winiarski had attached to defence of interests of the Polish nation under difficult circumstances of the period between the two world wars (and more especially - against the background of growing conflict between Germany and Russia during thirties).Item NEKROLOGI. PROF. ZW. DR HAB. ANDRZEJ KOMAR (1933 - 1999)(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Małecki, JerzyPROF. ZW. DR HAB. ANDRZEJ KOMAR (1933 - 1999)Item NIEKTÓRE DYLEMATY POLSKIEJ PRYWATYZACJI(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Zwierzchlewski, SławomirOn the turn of the eighties and nineties in Poland a process in Poland a process of system transformation has begun - towards the introduction of economic and social order which is proper to developed countries of Western Europe and of the world as a whole. The change of economic system led to many new dilemmas; the problem of property transformations was one of the most important among them. Such issues as the following became then object of violent debates; what is privatisation? what attitudes can be adopted towards it? what should be privatised? who is the privatisation profitable for? So, essential controversies about privatisation are resolvable into a number of property transformations’ methods, into a participation of the State in this process and, finally, into a range of preferences reserved for the employees of enterprises submitted to a privatisation. Despite of the fact that the process of Polish privatisation is already quite pretty advanced - all the dilemmas above mentioned are still a live issue and are difficult to be solved univocally.Item ORZECZNICTWO TRYBUNAŁU SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI WSPÓLNOT EUROPEJSKICH DOTYCZĄCE KONWENCJI BRUKSELSKIEJ A KONWENCJA Z LUGANO(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Włosińska, AleksandraThe Author confronts two international legal acts - the Convention signed in Brussels on September 27,1968, and the Convention signed in Lugano on September 16, 1988 - both relating to legal system o f the European Economic Communities and of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) The texts of the two documents are related first of all to: the range of jurisdiction of courts, the recognition of judicial decisions taken by foreign courts, a simplification of proceedings at a court, the executability of foreign judicial decisions, the interdiction of re-examining foreign judicial decision as in its merits. Next the Author analyses judicial decisions of the Court o f Justice o f European Communities as being fundamental mean serving for univocal interpretation of the Brussels Convention and then also the controversies among the States-members of the EFTA because of competence of the Tribunal against the background of provisions of the Lugano Convention (being done that this Tribunal is an organ of European Communities and not of the EFTA). Finally, the Author id occupied with application of the Lugano Convention by courts of States being not EFTA members.Item POJĘCIE LEGALNOŚCI W ORZECZNICTWIE TRYBUNAŁU KONSTYTUCYJNEGO(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Drewniak, AgnieszkaThe Constitutional Tribunal as the organ brought into being to examine a conformity of the law with the Constitution - focuses first of all on verifying formal exigencies of legality and only when, after such a research, it occurs that all formal criteria were met - proceeds to examine a contents itself of questioned legal act from the point of view of its conformity with the Constitution. Such a mode of proceeding is a consequence of the conception o f law which is adopted in our system. According to this conception the law itself determines what kinds of general legal acts can be admitted and, secondly, what organs are competent for to vote them. Analysis of the hitherto acquired experience in taking judicial decisions by the Constitutional Tribunal is being illustrated by the Author with examples of several chosen cases decided by this organ; fragments of written decisions are cited as well as those of opinions formulated by the Constitutional Tribunal on legality o f Polish legislative acts.Item PRAGMATYZACJA ŚWIADOMOŚCI I PLURALIZM STRATEGII PRZYSTOSOWAWCZYCH POLAKÓW W LATACH 1988 - 1999(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Ziółkowski, MarekThe article is based on results of empirical research work done in Poland in 1988, 1993 and 1998 - which referred to changes within perception of the reality, to changes in consciousness of the Polish society and, finally, to changes in adapting strategies o f this society within the period of radical reconstruction of economic and political system of the country. New order has created many quite new chances but, in the same time, has deprived many people of hitherto existing assurances and became a source of great number of threats. Poles are characterised with many-sidedness, plurality and instrumentalisation of their life-strategies; among them - old strategies (i.e. known under former system) get mixed and necessarily broken by strategies of new kind which are a result of acceptation or - at least - o f adapting to the rules typical for new order. Polish society is nowadays much more reflective than once (so, it is constantly considering what is really going on and - what could be done indeed) and the fact is that it is a society which is having recourse to a steady comparison of itself (principally - with Western culture and economies). Furthermore, Poles are a society which is rather quite impatient; they desire to quickly touch positive effects of changes introduced and, of course, of their own relinquishments suffered on this occasion. Lack o f rapid results in this matter can on one hand lead to stimulate increased activity of an individual but, on the other, pushes often to frustration and discouragement, too.Item PRAWOZNAWSTWO POMIĘDZY TECHNE I EPISTEME. UWAGI W ZWIĄZKU Z PRACĄ M. ZIRK-SADOWSKIEGO, PRAWO A UCZESTNICZENIE W KULTURZE(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Kozak, ArturItem PRÓBA OSZACOWANIA PRZYSPIESZEŃ/OPOŹNIEŃ PROCESÓW PRYWATYZACJI PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW PAŃSTWOWYCH W OKRESIE 1991 - 1997(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Guzik, Bogusław; Jurek, WitoldDynamics of privatisation processes has been evaluated assuming that the course of privatisation o f State owned enterprises - just as a majority o f „new” economic phenomenons - can be in a longer period described with a logistic curve with enough precision. Such a logistic curve expresses a hypothesis according to which a phenomenon strongly increases in its beginning, next it is still increasing but slower and slower and finally, after having reached a kind of „maturity” - phenomenon practically gets stable. More particularly - it is natural in such a moment that the rate of privatisation becomes slower after a certain timt. It results out of calculations made that if (logistic) course of privatisation continued to follow the rate and intensity from the period of the governments of T. Mazowiecki and H. Suchocka - the privatisation process of about 90 per cent of State owned enterprises should be achieved in practice already today. On the other hand - i f the privatisation process followed from its very beginning, i.e. from 1990, the rate and intensity known from the period of the W. Cimoszewicz government - real privatisation og 90 per cent of enterprises should be expected only until years 2030 - 2040. As a consequence of initial accelerations and next delays one can suppose that if average intensity of privatisation process from 1990 - 1997 was to be maintained - 90 per cent of enterprises in a majority o f sectors of national economy could be privatised only about 2005.Item PROBLEM PŁATNOŚCI KOMPENSACYJNYCH W ROLNICTWIE W ŚWIETLE PRZYSZŁEJ INTEGRACJI POLSKI ZE WSPÓLNOTAMI EUROPEJSKIMI(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Sapa, AgnieszkaIn March 1999 Poland started officially negotiations about the accession to European Union. Fundamental condition of integration is to accept the so-called acquis communautaire by Poland. From one side the admission in UE means the acceptation of all duties, from the other - getting opportunity of taking economic results which can influence economic development in a longer time. The Polish negotiation position was planned to be introduced in November 1999. Poland expects free trade in food and agriculture and a system of structural funds and compensation payments as well as guaranteed adequate production quotas. The huge amount of regulations and the volume o f ELTs budget spent on agriculture make that the sector of economy becomes the most problematical part of negotiations. The UE meeting in Berlin was expected to be a point of introduction of the elements of new radical reform into Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The reform could be connected with expense reduction on the food sector of economy and with changes in equalisation payments. In March 1999 the Agenda 2000, i.e. the financial plan for 2000 - 2006, was accepted. According to these regulations the cost o f CAP is going to rise from 42,7 milliards of euro to 43,7 milliards in 2003 and compensation payments from 20 to 30 milliards of euro. At the same time the Agenda 2000 does not anticipate Polish farmers to be covered by a system of compensation payments. This article is focused on system of compensation payments, on the method of its establishing and its results. It also tries to show why instrument is one of the basic matters for Polish negotiating group.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Żak, MaciejExchange-Rate Policies for Emerging Market Economies, red. R. J. Sweeney, C. S. Wihlborg, T. D. Willett, Westview Press, A Member of the Perseus Books Group, Boulder 1999, ISBN 0-8133-3019-X, ss. 391.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Pietrzykowski, MaciejStanisław Korenik, Rozwój regionu ekonomicznego na przykładzie Dolnego Śląska, Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej we Wrocławiu, Wrocław 1999, ss. 162.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Łabno, AnnaBogusław Banaszak, Prawo konstytucyjne, Wydawnictwo C. H. Beck, Warszawa 1999, ss. 631.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Kobusiewicz, Barbara; Mizerka, JacekMagdalena Jarzemowska, Kształtowanie struktury kapitału w spółkach akcyjnych, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 1999, ss. 191.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Hołowiński, Jan T.Janusz Gilas, Prawo międzynarodowe gospodarcze (na okładce: Międzynarodowe prawo gospodarcze), Wyd. Branta, Bydgoszcz 1998, ss. 268.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Ratajczak, MarekRozwój infrastruktury transportu, pod red. Krystyny Wojewódzkiej-Król, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk 1999, ss. 340.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Piaseczny, TomaszTadeusz Kudłacz, Programowanie rozwoju regionalnego, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 1999, ss. 180.