Artykuły naukowe (WB)
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Item A NEW LOCALITY OF THE FRESHWATER POPULATION OF Ulva flexuosa subsp. pilifera (Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae) IN POZNAŃ (WIELKOPOLSKA)(2011) Rybak, Andrzej; Messyasz, Beata; Szendzina, Lidia; Pikosz, Marta; Koperski, MaciejIn the latter part of the April of 2011 green algae thalli from the genus Ulva were found at the new, until now not known site in the Wielkopolska region. Thalli of Ulva (syn. Enteromorpha) flexuosa subsp. pilifera (Kützing) Bliding 1963 were collected to a further morphological research from the small, nameless, artificial dam reservoir located in the north part of Poznań. It was the second site, after the Malta Lake, of its taxon in Poznań and the sixth site in Poland. At the newly described site of Ulva flexuosa subsp. pilifera located near the west shore of the reservoir free-floating thalli were appeared in the sparseness (5-10 ind./m2). Moreover, individual thalli of Ulva strongly were covered by filamentous algae which formed dense mats on the water surface. Thalli of Ulva at the new site were observed from the end of April until the end of May of 2011.Item Abiotic factors affecting the development of Ulva sp. (Ulvophyceae; Chlorophyta) in freshwater ecosystems(Springer, 2010-07-20) Messyasz, Beata; Rybak, AndrzejThe influence of physicochemical factors on the development of Ulva species with distromatic tubular morphology was studied in three streams located in Poznan, Poland. The study evaluated key environmental factors that may influence the colonisation and growth of Ulva populations in freshwater systems. In total, nine environmental parameters were included: temperature, water depth, pH, oxygen (O2), ammonium (NH4),nitrate (NO3-), phosphate(PO43-), sodium chloride (NaCl) and total iron (Fe). Morphometric features of thalli (length and width, percentage of furcated and young thalli) and surface area of free-floating mats formed by the freshwater populations of Ulva were compared at all sites. Principal components analysis indicated the most important factors influencing Ulva development were sodium chloride concentrations and water depth. Two other key chemical factors affecting the freshwater form of Ulva were phosphate and nitrite concentrations. High concentrations of sodium chloride inhibited the development of Ulva, leading to a lower number of thalli in the Ulva mats. At the siteswith stable and deeper water, the surface area of the mats was larger. Both phosphate and nitrite concentrations were positively correlated with an increase in the number of thalli in the mats and the thalli length.Item Accumulation of heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn) in the freshwater alga Ulva type, sediments and water of the Wielkopolska region, Poland.(2013) Rybak, Andrzej; Messyasz, Beata; Pikosz, Marta; Szendzina, Lidia; Łęska, BogusławaThe concentration of five trace elements: cobalt (Co), chrome (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) was determined in the Ulva thalli, in the water and sediment collection from several inland sites (lakes, stream and river) from the Wielkopolska region during summer 2010. The multielemental analysis of the heavy metal concentration was carried out with the use of ICP-OES method. The aim of this study was to determine the role of tubular forms as biomonitoring species. The relative abundance of metals in sediment decreased in the order: Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Co and in the water: Cr > Mn > Zn > Cu > Co. In Ulva thalli the distribution order from higher to lower was Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Co. The results indicate that the concentration changes of heavy metals in thallus, water and sediment have some differences, but concentration distribution tends to be similar, because among the analysed heavy metals Mn has the highest concentrations while Co the lowest abundance in the thalli and sediment of all the sites. Possibility to use freshwater species from Ulva genus as bioindicators of water pollution by manganese requires further study.Item Applicable Life-History and Molecular Traits for Studying the Effects of Anhydrobiosis on Aging in Tardigrades(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022-08-17) Nagwani, Amit Kumar; Kaczmarek, Łukasz; Kmita, HannaAnhydrobiosis is induced by loss of water and indicates dehydration tolerance. Survival of dehydration is possible through changes at different levels of organism organization, including a remarkable reduction in metabolic activity at the cellular level. Thus, anhydrobiosis may be regarded as an anti-aging strategy. Accordingly, two hypotheses named after popular stories, “Sleeping Beauty” and “The Picture of Dorian Gray”, were proposed to explain the effect of anhydrobiosis on aging. The two hypotheses predict the presence (The Picture of Dorian Gray) or absence (Sleeping Beauty) of observable aging symptoms for animals undergoing anhydrobiosis. Predictions of these hypotheses have rarely been tested, and the cellular level has not been addressed. Tardigrades appear to be a useful model for studying the effect of anhydrobiosis on aging, as they are able to enter and survive anhydrobiosis at any stage of life, although not with the same success for all species. In this review, we discuss anhydrobiosis and aging mechanisms as well as tardigrade diversity and indicate possible multilevel markers that can be used to study the impact of anhydrobiosis on tardigrade aging. This review provides data on tardigrade diversity that may also be useful for human aging studies.Item Assessment of Physical Growth in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)(2008) Czapla, Zbigniew; Niedziela, Marek; Cieślik, JoachimThe study is an attempt to assess the degree and direction of deviations in two physical development traits: body weight and height in children with congential adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), as compared to the norm. The pattern of growth of the studied traits in children with CAH is significantly different than an average pattern for normal children. A new research approach used to investigate the problem of developmental disorders in children with CAH revealed that both body height and weight - regardless of the sex - in successive stages (prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal) of ontogenetic development tend to have progressively lower mean values as compared to the norm, and that differences between these values in the analyzed stages are statistically significant (p<0.01).Item AtDeg2 – a chloroplast protein with dual protease/chaperone activity(Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne, 2014-07-09) Jagodzik, Przemysław; Adamiec, Małgorzata; Jackowski, GrzegorzChloroplast protease AtDeg2 (an ATP-independent serine endopeptidase) is cytosolically synthesized as a precursor, which is imported into the chloroplast stroma and deprived of its transit peptide. Then the mature protein undergoes routing to its functional location at the stromal side of thylakoid membrane. In its linear structure AtDeg2 molecule contains the protease domain with catalytic triad (HDS) and two PDZ domains (PDZ1 and PDZ2). In vivo AtDeg2 most probably exists as a supposedly inactive haxamer, which may change its oligomeric stage to form active 12-mer, or 24-mer. AtDeg2 has recently been demonstrated to exhibit dual protease/chaperone function. This review is focused on the current awareness with regard to AtDeg2 structure and functional significance.Item Bioaccumulation of alkaline soil metals (Ca, Mg) and heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb) patterns expressed by freshwater species of Ulva (Wielkopolska, Poland)(WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012-12) Rybak, Andrzej; Messyasz, Beata; Łęska, BogusławaThe paper includes results of the first study on the accumulation of selected metals in freshwater populations of Ulva taxa at 16 sites in Poland. The thalli examined contained very high concentrations of Ca and Mg, owing to well-developed surface incrustations of carbonate. Among the heavy metals investigated, the most significant concentration in the thalli was Ni, whereas the lowest was Pb. The median concentrations of Ni and Cd in the freshwater Ulva thalli were significantly higher than those reported in the available literature for marine taxa of the same genus. Several statistically significant correlations were found when the concentrations of different metals in the thalli and the water were analysed.Item Biomasa alg słodkowodnych surowcem dla przemysłu i rolnictwa(2013) Schroeder, Grzegorz; Messyasz, Beata; Łęska, Bogusława; Fabrowska, Joanna; Pikosz, Marta; Rybak, AndrzejWykorzystując doniesienia literaturowe oraz wyniki badań własnych, przedstawiono występowanie, budowę chemiczną i morfologiczną alg słodkowodnych występujących także na terenie Polski oraz zastosowanie ich biomasy jako cennego surowca dla różnych gałęzi przemysłu i rolnictwa. Z powodu braku w Polsce systemu wykorzystywania biomasy alg do celów przemysłowych i rolniczych, zagospodarowanie tych surowców powstających na dużą skalę w zbiornikach wodnych stanowi duże wyzwanie i jest istotnym elementem gospodarki zrównoważonego rozwoju.Item Botanophila–Epichloe Interaction in a Wild Grass, Puccinellia distans, Lacks Dependence on the Fly Vector(2011) Górzyńska, Karolina; Lembicz, Marlena; Olszanowski, Ziemowit; Leuchtmann, AdrianIn grass-infecting Epichloe (Ascomycetes: Clavicipitaceae) fungi, the transfer of spermatia for fungal fertilization depends on an insect vector: flies of the genus Botanophila (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). The flies use the fungal stroma, a spore-producing fungal structure surrounding the grass inßorescence, for laying eggs and as a food source for both adults and larvae. This fly-fungus interaction is generally regarded as obligatory and mutualistic. Two Botanophila taxa were noted among four populations of the nonagricultural grass Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl. that were infected with the fungus Epichloe typhina (Pers.) Tul. However, during the 7 yr of field observations, Botanophila flies were present every year in only one population of P. distans. The number of eggs per stroma ranged from zero to four and differed with year and site. Overall, eggs (or larvae) were observed on only 132 (19.2%) of the 687 stromata examined during the survey, with one (13.8%), two (4.5%), or more than two (0.9%) per stroma. However, 90.8% of the examined stromata were fertilized and produced perithecia, suggesting that other mechanisms or vectors of spermatia were responsible for fertilization.Item Charakterystyka morfometryczna i siedliskowa makrozielenicy Ulva prolifera O.F. Müller J. Agardh 1883 (Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae) na słodkowodnym stanowisku w Wielkopolsce(2009) Messyasz, Beata; Rybak, AndrzejBadania nad morfometrią i czynnikami fizyczno-chemicznymi kształtującymi rozwój U. prolifera (Enteromorpha prolifera) prowadzono od maja do końca lipca 2008 r. Stanowisko badawcze zlokalizowano na stawie przepływowym we wsi Tulce pod Poznaniem (Wielkopolska). Stwierdzone miejsce występowania U. prolifera jest szóstym śródlądowym stanowiskiem tego gatunku w Polsce. Do analiz morfometrycznych i struktury plechy pobrano szereg prób. Odnaleziony gatunek makrozielenicy cechował się znaczną długością młodych plech (do 210 cm), które pojawiły się na początku maja. Zróżnicowana struktura powierzchni plech U. prolifera zarówno u osobników wolnopływających, jak i zanurzonych, wynikała m.in. z obecności rozbudowanego peryfitonuokrzemkowego. Obecność znacznej biomasy U. prolifera w ekosystemie słodkowodnym wskazywała na dużą żyzność badanego zbiornika. Stan eutrofii panujący na omawianym stanowisku może wynikać z faktu permanentnego zrzutu zanieczyszczeń komunalnych z Kostrzyna, dopływających rzeką Kopel do badanego stawu.Item Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in Polish freshwater bodies.(Springer, 2013) Kobos, J.; Błaszczyk, A.,; Hohlfeld, N.; Toruńska-Sitarz, A.; Krakowiak, A.; Hebel, A.; Sutryk, K; Grabowska, M.; Toporowska, M.; Kokociński, M.; Messyasz, B.; Rybak, A.; Napiórkowska-Krzebietke, A.; Nawrocka, L.; Pełechata, A.; Budzyńska, A.; Zagajewski, P.; Mazur-Marzec, H.In this work, the authors examined the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in 21 samples collected from fresh water bodies located in 5 provinces in Poland: Lublin (2), Podlasie (1), Pomerania (6), Warmia-Masuria (1) and Wielkopolska (11). In addition, to determine the general pattern of geographical distribution, frequency of cyanobacteria occurrence, and cyanotoxins production, the published data from 238 fresh water bodies in Poland were reviewed. On the basis of these collected results, we concluded that Planktothrix, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis and Dolichospermum were dominant. The general pattern in geographical distribution of the identified cyanobacterial genera was typical of other eutrophic waters in Europe. The production of cyanotoxins was revealed in 18 (86%) of the 21 samples analyzed in the present work and in 74 (75%) of the 98 total water bodies for which the presence of toxins had been examined. Among the 24 detected microcystin variants, [Asp3]MC-RR was most common. These results can be verified when more data from the less explored water bodies in the southern and eastern parts of Poland are available.Item Cyclic mismatch binding ligands interact with disease-associated CGG trinucleotide repeats in RNA and suppress their translation(Oxford University Press, 2021) Konieczny, Patryk; Mukherjee, Sanjukta; Stepniak-Konieczna, Ewa; Taylor, Katarzyna; Niewiadomska, Daria; Piasecka, Agnieszka; Walczak, Agnieszka; Baud, Anna; Dohno, Chikara; Nakatani, Kazuhiko; Sobczak, KrzysztofFragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by a limited expansion of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. Degeneration of neurons in FXTAS cell models can be triggered by accumulation of polyglycine protein (FMRpolyG), a by-product of translation initiated upstream to the repeats. Specific aims of our work included testing if naphthyridine-based molecules could (1) block FMRpolyG synthesis by binding to CGG repeats in RNA, (2) reverse pathological alterations in affected cells and (3) preserve the content of FMRP, translated from the same FMR1 mRNA. We demonstrate that cyclic mismatch binding ligand CMBL4c binds to RNA structure formed by CGG repeats and attenuates translation of FMRpolyG and formation of nuclear inclusions in cells transfected with vectors expressing RNA with expanded CGG repeats. Moreover, our results indicate that CMBL4c delivery can reduce FMRpolyG-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Importantly, its therapeutic potential is also observed once the inclusions are already formed. We also show that CMBL4c-driven FMRpolyG loss is accompanied by partial FMRP reduction. As complete loss of FMRP induces FXS in children, future experiments should aim at evaluation of CMBL4c therapeutic intervention in differentiated tissues, in which FMRpolyG translation inhibition might outweigh adverse effects related to FMRP depletion.Item Deep into the niche: Deciphering local endoderm-microenvironment interactions in development, homeostasis, and disease of pancreas and intestine(Wiley Periodicals LLC, 2023-03-04) Szlachcic, Wojciech J; Letai, Katherine C; Scavuzzo, Marissa; Borowiak, MałgorzataUnraveling molecular and functional heterogeneity of niche cells within the developing endoderm could resolve mechanisms of tissue formation and maturation. Here, we discuss current unknowns in molecular mechanisms underlying key developmental events in pancreatic islet and intestinal epithelial formation. Recent breakthroughs in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, paralleled with functional studies in vitro, reveal that specialized mesenchymal subtypes drive the formation and maturation of pancreatic endocrine cells and islets via local interactions with epithelium, neurons and microvessels. Analogous to this, distinct intestinal niche cells regulate both epithelial development and homeostasis throughout life. We propose how this knowledge can be used to progress research in the human context using pluripotent stem cell-derived multilineage organoids. Overall, understanding the interactions between the multitude of microenvironmental cells and how they drive tissue development and function could help us make more therapeutically relevant in vitro models.Item Diet of the American mink Neovison vison in an agricultural landscape in western Poland(2013) Krawczyk, Agata J.; Bogdziewicz, Michał; Czyż, Michał J.We studied the diet of the American mink (Neovison vison) in small artificial watercourses located in a farmland area of the valley of the River Barycz in Poland. Rodents, mainly Microtus spp., were the most frequent prey identified, occurring in 88.3 % of all analyzed mink scat. Minks also fed willingly on fish, birds and amphibians, whereas insects, crayfish and reptiles accounted for only a small part of the biomass of food consumed. The food niche breadth of the mink’s diet was wide, and varied significantly between seasons; in spring and autumn minks preyed mainly on rodents and fish, while the winter and summer diets consisted of a broad characterization of prey items. The proportion of mammals in the diet also decreased significantly during the summer months. These patterns differ from those previously reported in Europe, and demonstrate the plasticity of the mink diet across habitats.Item Diet of the Eurasian otter Lutra lutra on small watercourses in Western Poland(Walter de Gruyter, 2011) Krawczyk, Agata J.; Skierczyński, Michał; Tryjanowski, PiotrItem Diets and coexistence in Neomys and Sorex shrews in Białowieża Forest, eastern Poland(2006) Churchfield, Sara; Rychlik, LeszekPrey selection, food niche overlap and resource partitioning were investigated in semi-aquatic Neomys fodiens and N. anomalus and terrestrial Sorex araneus and S. minutus coexisting in marshland in Białowieża Forest, eastern Poland. Evidence of prey selectivity was found but high levels of overlap, particularly in prey size, reflected the abundance of invertebrates in field samples. Despite similarities in diets between all four species, evidence of niche differentiation was found in terms of foraging mode and prey composition. Neomys took predominantly terrestrial prey but 20% of prey of N. fodiens was aquatic (compared with 11% in N. anomalus) with Asellus being the dominant aquatic prey. Sorex shrews were exclusively terrestrial in foraging mode. All species ate predominantly small prey (<5 mm) and these were most abundant in field samples, but small prey were most important for S. minutus. Pair-wise comparisons suggested that the most important promoter of resource partitioning was body size, indicating different foraging modes. Food niche overlap was least between species most dissimilar in size. The tiny S. minutus was predominately an epigeal forager on small Araneae, Opiliones and Coleoptera; the medium-sized S. araneus fed extensively on Lumbricidae and Coleoptera; and the large, semi-aquatic Neomys fed on different amounts of freshwater prey in addition to terrestrial prey. Our results support the prediction that microhabitat selection among these species indicates differentiation in foraging mode.Item Differences in swimming and diving abilities between two sympatric species of water shrews: Neomys anomalus and Neomys fodiens (Soricidae)(2009) Mendes-Soares, Helena; Rychlik, LeszekSwimming and diving abilities of two syntopic species of water shrews, Neomys anomalus and N. fodiens, were tested in aquaria using video-recordings taken from three views (lateral distant, lateral close and dorsal). The frequency and total duration of diving, as well as the mean duration of diving and floating bouts, were significantly higher in N. fodiens than in N. anomalus. Frequency of paddling during surface swimming was lower in N. fodiens than in N. anomalus. N. fodiens dived mainly for long distances at the bottom of the aquarium and performed a wider range of dive profiles than N. anomalus, which preferred rather short and shallow dives. The two species differed also significantly in their Fineness Ratios (describing how streamlined their bodies are) when diving. When swimming, N. fodiens had a relatively wider body and performed narrower movements with its tail than N. anomalus. These results show quantitatively and qualitatively for the first time that N. fodiens is more proficient at swimming and diving than N. anomalus. The results also help to explain the interspecific differences in efficiency of underwater foraging, and support the idea of segregation of ecological niches of these species based on their different foraging modes (diving vs wading).Item Differentiation of flea communities infesting small mammals across selected habitats of the Baltic coast, central lowlands, and southern mountains of Poland(2014-03-13) Kowalski, Krzysztof; Eichert, Urszula; Bogdziewicz, Michał; Rychlik, LeszekOnly a few studies comparing flea composition on the coast and in the mountains have been conducted. We investigated differences in flea communities infesting small mammals in selected habitats in northern, central and southern Poland. We predicted: (1) a greater number of flea species in the southeastern Poland and a lower number in the north; (2) a greater number of flea species in fertile and wet habitats than in poor and arid habitats; (3) a low similarity of flea species between flea communities in western and eastern Poland. We found negative effect of increasing latitude on flea species richness. We suppose that the mountains providing a variety of environments and the limits of the geographic ranges of several flea subspecies in southeastern Poland, result in a higher number of flea species. There was positive effect of increasing wetness of habitat on flea species richness. We found a high diversity in flea species composition between western and eastern Poland (beta diversity = 11) and between central and eastern Poland (beta diversity = 12). Re-colonization of Poland by small mammals and their ectoparasites from different (western and eastern) refugies can affect on this high diversity of flea species.Item Effect of urbanization and feeding intensity on the distribution of wintering Mallards Anas platyrhynchos in NE Poland(Sveriges Omitologiska Foerening/Swedish Ornithological Society, 2010) Polakowski, Michał; Skierczyński, Michał; Broniszewska, MonikaUrban areas are alternative wintering sites for species with ability to exploit the new conditions that cities offer, such as food, shelter and reduced predation. During four winters (November–February), we recorded the number of Mallards along 108 km of rivers within an urbanization gradient from city centre to rural in north-east Poland. In the urban area, but not in the suburban and rural areas, there was an increase of numbers through winter with highest numbers in February, the coldest month. However, we found no correlation between numbers and ice cover. The only correlation was with feeding intensity by humans, and we suggest that intensity of feeding and the location of the feeding sites is the main factor determining number of wintering Mallards. This was supported by recoveries of ringed birds. Mallards ringed at good feeding sites in the city centre were recovered at the same sites whereas birds ringed in the periphery of the city tended to move to the centre in subsequent winters.Item Ekologiczne aspekty lat nasiennych u drzew(2012-12) Bogdziewicz, Michał; Wróbel, AleksandraWe briefly review the evolutionary causes of mast seeding and the influence of masting on ecosystems. One of the first explanations of masting was the predator satiation hypothesis that states that the advantage of producing a large seed crop is satiation of seed predators, which thus destroy a lower percentage of the crop. Alternatively, animal dispersal hypothesis postulates that mast years result in wider dispersal of nuts by scatter hoarders, reduced probability of eating cached seeds by a hoarder, and thus enhanced likelihood of germination and seedling establishment. It is also documented that large flowering efforts increase chances of successful wind- and animal-mediated pollen transfer (wind and animal pollination hypotheses). However, these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and it is possible that masting has more than just one evolutionary cause. We also present the proximate factors thought to explain the phenomenon of intermittent, synchronous seeding. We describe pollen and pollinator coupling model and the role of weather cues in synchronizing plant populations over large areas. Finally, we describe trophic cascades caused by mast seeding. For example, large seed crops directly influence populations of granivorous rodents and thus indirectly alter the nest success of song birds, stop the gradation of insect pests, and change the risk of Lyme disease transmission. Such interactions might be altered when the interval between masting events decreases due to global warming.