Wydział Archeologii (WAr)

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About the ‘interim’ or discovering the depths of the pre-Roman Iron Age
(Faculty of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 2021-12) Michałowski, Andrzej; Teska, Milena; Krzyżanowska, Marta; Kaczmarska, Patrycja; Frankiewicz, Mateusz; Żółkiewski, Marek; Niedzielski, Przemysław; Piątkowska, Grażyna; Martini, Sarah; Rand, Asta
The pre-Roman Iron Age, i.e. the last five last centuries BC, is one of the most mysterious periods in Polish prehistory and constitutes an extremely interesting research issue, which help concentrate the studies on it, into a compact group of research problems. The studies on the pre-Roman Iron Age carried out by the group of researchers at the Faculty of Archaeology of the Adam Mickiewicz University are based on the research traditions of Poznań archaeology. The focal point of work in recent years has been settlement pottery, which is a mass source acquired during excavations whose potential has not yet been fully exploited. One way to better understand the possibilities that this type of mass material can bring has been exploitation of the potential of archaeometry. The ongoing studies on the problems of the pre-Roman Iron Age strive to detail and explain the processes and changes occurring at the time. They fit into the Poznań tradition of studies on this period, being a continuation of previous work undertaken on its intricate issues – empowering it and leading it out of the titular ‘interim’, placing it in the fully deserved centre of research interests.
Antropologia fizyczna
(Wydział Archeologii UAM, 2021) Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska, Dorota; Sobol, Julia; Kociemba, Wojciech; Hyrchała, Anna; Glapiński, Mariusz
Archaeological research of the Gothic Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the island of Ostrów Tumski, Poznań
(Faculty of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 2021-12) Antowska-Gorączniak, Olga; Piątkowska, Grażyna; Martini, Sarah; Rand, Asta
Between 1999 and 2015 an archaeological research of the interior and the immediate vicinity of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the island of Ostrów Tumski in Poznań was con- ducted. This hall church, whose consecration took place in 1448, is part of the architecture style connected with the workshops of Master Builder Hinrich Brunsberg. Interestingly, the traceries of the study church windows correspond to similar elements from the churches in Brandenburg and Chojna (Brunsberg’s work). But the fragments of Gothic pinnacles from the gable (according to written sources) were probably built by Lorek from Kościan. Also, the tracery decoration at the western portal of the Poznań cathedral, which was discovered during the post-war renovation works, confirms the presence of a similar façade decoration of the Poznań cathedral to that in Brandenburg. What is more, a fleuron found in the church of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the island of Ostrów Tumski is analogous to the same decorative element of the town hall in Tangermünde. This suggests that the workshops associated with that master builder, most probably participated in the rebuilding of the Poznań cathedral at the turn of the century (XIV/XV) and in the designing of the St Mary’s Church, which was completed after Brunsberg’s death. The archaeological research included the cemetery that was operational from the 2 nd half of the 15 th century to the end of the 18 th century, during which time, the deceased were buried inside the church. It was also where remains of several brick tombs/crypts were discovered. The youngest burial is an ossuary found in the middle of the nave, which contains bones moved there from the cathedral in 1784-1785. The brick and stone wall enclosing the cemetery was built in 1465-1466. Originally, the church and the cemetery were situated on a small hill, the slopes of which were reinforced.
Archaeology under a microscope: research at the ArchaeoMicroLab of the Faculty of Archaeology Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
(Faculty of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 2021-12) Kurzawska, Aldona; Sobkowiak-Tabaka, Iwona; Piątkowska, Grażyna; Martini, Sarah; Rand, Asta
This article presents the newly established ArchaeoMicroLab – the Laboratory of Microscopic Analysis in Archaeology – in the Faculty of Archaeology at Adam Mickiewicz University, its equipment, and the scope of research carried out in this facility. Microscopic analyses are essential research tools used in archaeology for examining artefacts and traces of their use, organic remains, pigments, and many other objects. The use of high magnification enables researchers to capture interesting details that are not visible at the macroscopic level. The article discusses different categories of artefacts, samples and the possibilities of their examination in the laboratory.
Archeobotanika
(2021) Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena
Archeoentomologia
(Wydział Archeologii UAM, 2021) Kadej, Marcin; Konwerski, Szymon; Hałuszko, Agata
Archeogenetyka
(Wydział Archeologii UAM, 2021) Chyleński, Maciej
Archeomalakologia
(Wydział Archeologii UAM, 2021) Kurzawska, Aldona
Archeometalurgia
(Wydział Archeologii UAM, 2021) Biborski, Marcin; Biborski, Mateusz
Archeozoologia
(2021) Wilczyński, Jarosław
Architektura gotycka na Ostrowie Tumskim w Poznaniu. Studium architektoniczno-archeologiczne
(2019) Antowska-Gorączniak, Olga; Kóčka-Krenz, Hanna. Promotor
Celem pracy jest ukazanie architektury gotyckiej na Ostrowie Tumskim w Poznaniu oraz przekształceń i zagospodarowania terenu wokół budynków w oparciu o badania archeologiczne prowadzone w latach 1938-2017. Praca składa się z dwóch części – opisowej, która jest analizą i interpretacją materiału źródłowego oraz części drugiej – katalogu, który jest bazą źródłową. W części tekstowej omówiono zachowane budynki i rozpoznane relikty z podziałem na obiekty sakralne i towarzyszące im cmentarze, budynki mieszkalne, architekturę obronną, pozostałe budynki kościelne (np. szkołę) oraz tzw. małą architekturę (np. drogi, mosty, ogrodzenia). Uzupełniającym zagadnieniem jest detal architektoniczny, a w szczególności ceramika budowlana i możliwości, jakie daje analiza stylistyczna oraz materiały porównawcze, które pozwalają dla części źródeł wskazać warsztaty budowlane. Przyjęty zakres chronologiczny dla rozważań zawiera się między poł. XIII w., kiedy nastąpiła translokacja Poznania na lewy brzeg rzeki Warty, a 2 dekadą XVI w. (śmierć biskupa Jana Lubrańskiego). Postawiono pytanie jak architektura i jej najbliższy kontekst zmieniały się po przekazaniu terenu biskupstwu poznańskiemu. Odniesieniem do badań jest starsza zabudowa grodowa i równoległa zabudowa miasta lokacyjnego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy ustalono kryterium wyboru miejsca pod zabudowę (tradycja, bezpieczeństwo, prestiż), określono przemiany dotyczące stosowanych technik budowlanych i użytych materiałów, warunki zabudowy mieszkalnej, stylistykę i estetykę architektury i jej elementów, co w określonych przypadkach przełożyło się na wskazanie warsztatu budowlanego.
Are we where we wanted to be? Modernist tendencies versus the postmodern reality of archaeology. Some remarks on the methodology of archaeologists at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
(Faculty of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 2021-12) Minta-Tworzowska, Danuta; Piątkowska, Grażyna; Martini, Sarah; Rand, Asta
This article attempts to define the place where the Poznań University’s methodology of archaeology finds itself. The question contained in the title – a are we where we wanted to be? – requires an answer that considers the extent to which the modernist assumptions of archaeo- logy, in which we grew up, have been fulfilled, and to what extent we function in the postmodern world. The article presents the rationale for this methodology, showing some variation in the views of its representatives, starting with the founder of the school, Jan Żak, through his stu- dents to the next generation. Recognizing the polyphonic nature of this scholarship, an attempt was made to group these studies into specific issues, which are: reflection on the methodology and theory of archaeology; its inspirations and proposals; relations between theory, methods, and practice; issues of archaeological sources as ones reflecting methodological discussions in the diachronic approach; the past explored in the present; emerging fields of research such as landscape studies; and social archaeology, initiated at Adam Mickiewicz University with the work of Ciesielska on social theory. For many years, the concept of social archaeozoology has also been developed, and studies on memory, identity, children and childhood, among others, have been conducted. The broadening of research fields is an unquestionable achievement of the postmodern (post-processual) as well as post-postmodern reorientation, marking the world in which we function.
Aspects of ancient warfare: Multidisciplinary research on war and warriors in Bronze Age Europe
(Faculty of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 2021-12) Suchowska-Ducke, Paulina; Piątkowska, Grażyna; Martini, Sarah; Rand, Asta
The study of warfare among ancient societies – its nature, scale and impacts – has become an increasingly fertile multidisciplinary field of research in archaeology and related disciplines. This is particularly true for the European Bronze Age, an epoch that has produced iconic arte- facts, architecture, images, and written sources that speak about war and warriorhood. Modern research has made it sufficiently clear that, far from being the singular acts of heroic individ - uals, ancient warfare was common, brutal, and well-organized. However, war, as an extreme form of social interaction, has also been a driver for technological and economic development. From Scandinavia to the Mediterranean, the archaeological record has preserved rich traces of the warrior elite that was instrumental in transforming Bronze Age societies. This body of evidence is being studied with increasingly diverse analytical tools, ranging from use-wear analysis of weapons to forensic analysis of human remains and GIS-based spatial analysis. The following is a summary of author’s research on the multiple aspects and archaeological sources that surround the topics of war and warriors in Bronze Age Europe.
Barrows in the Skirts of the Forest: Excavation of a Wielbark culture cemetery at Mirosław 37, Ujście commune, Piła district, Greater Poland Voivodeship
(Faculty of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 2021-12) Michałowski, Andrzej; Piątkowska, Grażyna; Martini, Sarah; Rand, Asta
Archaeological excavations carried out at site 37 in Mirosław since 2016 have revealed a barrow cemetery of the Wielbark culture. An enormous amount of data hitherto collected has greatly facilitated better understandings of the settlement patterns of the population represented by this cultural group in the northern part of Greater Poland. This information provides a truly compelling and valuable contribution into the study of the burial customs of communities inhabiting northern Greater Poland during the Roman Iron Age period. As a result of this work, two of seven preserved mounds were examined. These contained two female burials: an inhumation burial, dated to phase B2/C1 deposited in Barrow 7 and a cremation burial dated to phase C1a deposited in Barrow 1. Also, other objects were recorded in the area of the mounds, in particular traces that are evidence of metallurgical production. What is more, a fragment of the plane part of the site was identified using non-invasive research methods – magnetometer prospection. A part of this area was examined by means of excavation, which confirmed the occurrence of both burial goods (a burial that was first exhumed in antiquity, was possibly made from another, leveled burial mound) as well as other objects, present in the cemetery and related to the funeral activities. Additionally, the zone between Barrows 6 and 7 yielded the burial of a small child. The excavations have stimulated numerous research questions which have not yet been satisfactorily answered and are vital for describing the structure of the cemetery and providing its full chronology.
Between the East and the West of Europe: The Eneolithic and the Beginning of the Bronze Age in Light of Studies on Bio-Cultural Borderlands
(Faculty of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 2021-12) Kośko, Aleksander; Włodarczak, Piotr; Żurkiewicz, Danuta; Piątkowska, Grażyna; Martini, Sarah; Rand, Asta
The barrows of the Yamnaya culture located along the middle Dniester River (southern Ukraine, Yampil region) became a matter of concern for a Polish-Ukrainian archaeological expedition. As a result of this joint effort, a series of earlier studies of the barrows were published and additional excavations were conducted. A total of seven barrows located at four archaeological sites were excavated. Consequently, a variety of new materials were obtained, which made it possible to perform extensive specialist analyses (radiocarbon, isotope, and aDNA, among others). The results of this research show a broader picture of local Yamnaya culture communities, allowing a comparison with Central European Corded Ware culture communities and contributing immensely to the discussion regarding the relations between these groups.
Ceramika świadectwem kontaktów ponadregionalnych. Miejsce dolin Wardaru i Strumy w sieci powiązań kulturowych Macedonii Centralnej w późnej epoce brązu
(2024) Bahyrycz, Cezary; Czebreszuk, Janusz. Promotor
Niniejsza praca doktorska skupia się na badaniach nad ceramiką naczyniową z późnej epoki brązu w regionie Macedonii Centralnej, koncentrując się na jej roli jako świadectwa kontaktów ponadregionalnych. Praca jest wynikiem analizy dostępnych materiałów z badań terenowych, wykopaliskowych, kwerend literaturowych z różnych regionów, oraz analiz przestrzennych. Macedonia Centralna, leżąca na styku Bałkanów i Egei, była strefą peryferyjną lub marginalną w systemie światowym epoki brązu, co miało wpływ na rozwój jej kultury materialnej, a widoczne jest zwłaszcza w najbardziej powszechnie występującym materiale archeologicznym – fragmentach naczyń ceramicznych. Praca ukazuje, w jaki sposób ceramika może dostarczyć informacji o kontaktach kulturowych między tymi regionami. W rozprawie przeanalizowane zostały trzy kategorie naczyń ceramicznych: ceramika mykeńska, malowana matową farbą oraz nacinana i inkrustowana. Badania obejmują materiały ze stanowisk archeologicznych zlokalizowanych w dolinach Wardaru i Strumy, które były ważnymi szlakami komunikacyjnymi i miejscami interakcji kulturowych w późnej epoce brązu w tej górzystej części południowo-wschodnich Bałkanów. Te doliny rzeczne, ze względu na swoje strategiczne położenie, prawdopodobnie pełniły rolę korytarzy wymiany kulturowej, czyniąc je kluczowymi obszarami do badania w kontekście kontaktów ponadregionalnych. W pracy omówione są kwestie chronologii i organizacji osadnictwa w późnej epoce brązu. Mimo wpływów z południowego świata mykeńskiego, osady zachowały swoje lokalne tradycje, co znajduje odzwierciedlenie w unikalnym charakterze ich produkcji ceramicznej. Metodyka pracy opiera się na tradycyjnych technikach badawczych, takich jak analiza techno-stylistyczna ceramiki, uzupełniając ją analizami przestrzennymi. Próbę badawczą stanowiły naczynia i fragmenty zgromadzone w zbiorach między innymi: Muzeum Brytyjskiego w Londynie, Muzeum Archeologicznego w Salonikach, Uniwersytetu Arystotelesa w Salonikach, Regionalnego Historycznego Muzeum w Błagojewgradzie. Wzięto pod uwagę fragmenty zebrane zarówno podczas jednych z pierwszych działań badawczych w regionie – podczas I wojny światowej i latach 20. XX wieku, jak również nowsze materiały gromadzone w trakcie postępów prac systematycznych badań powierzchniowych w Grecji i Bułgarii. Dodatkowo, jako uzupełnienie informacji płynących z analiz ceramicznych – zastosowano serię analiz przestrzennych, wykonanych dla obszaru południowo-wschodnich Bałkanów, z zastosowaniem narzędzi systemu informacji geograficznej – GIS. Pozwoliło to na lepsze zrozumienie funkcji osad w przestrzeni w kontekście kontaktów kulturowych. Praca zawiera analizę rozwoju wytwórczości ceramicznej w Macedonii Centralnej, w tym wpływów północnych i południowych. Poddane badaniu zostało jak lokalna ceramika była kształtowana przez te wpływy, jednocześnie zachowując swoje unikalne cechy. Wyróżnione kategorie naczyń ceramicznych odgrywały kluczową rolę w analizie kontaktów kulturowych, pokazując, jak lokalne społeczności integrowały wpływy zewnętrzne w swojej produkcji. Ukazano, które regiony w sieci powiązań Macedonii Centralnej były kluczowe z punktu widzenia interakcji interregionalnych. Pod koniec późnej epoki brązu, w regionie północnej Egei, nie odnotowano znaczących przerw w osadnictwie, co sugeruje stabilny rozwój kultury materialnej, mimo zewnętrznych wpływów. W Macedonii Centralnej nie zarejestrowano obecności zinstytucjonalizowanych centrów politycznych, co odróżnia ten region od bardziej zaawansowanych cywilizacyjnie obszarów Grecji południowej. Dalsze badania, w tym bardziej zaawansowane analizy chemiczne i petrograficzne, mogłyby dostarczyć dodatkowych informacji i pogłębić zrozumienie dynamiki kulturowej w tej części świata. Praca podkreśla również znaczenie badań nad rytuałami pogrzebowymi, które w Macedonii Centralnej są wciąż słabo zbadane. Brak formalnych praktyk pogrzebowych odróżnia ten region od sąsiednich obszarów, w których rytuały pogrzebowe były bardziej rozwinięte. Dalsze badania nad tym aspektem mogą dostarczyć nowych informacji o społecznych i kulturowych strukturach regionu. Na zakończenie przedstawiono perspektywę na przyszłość, sugerując, że włączenie nowoczesnych technik analitycznych, takich jak analiza chemiczna i petrograficzna, mogłoby znacznie wzbogacić zrozumienie ceramiki z Macedonii Centralnej i jej roli w ponadregionalnych kontaktach kulturowych. This doctoral dissertation focuses on the study of pottery from the Late Bronze Age in the Central Macedonia region, emphasizing its role as evidence of interregional interactions. The research is the result of analyzing available materials from fieldwork surveys, excavations, literature queries from various regions, and digital spatial analyses. Central Macedonia, located at the intersection of the Balkans and the Aegean, was a peripheral or marginal zone in the world-system theory of the Bronze Age, which influenced the development of its material culture. This influence is particularly visible in the most commonly found archaeological material—fragments of ceramic vessels. The dissertation demonstrates how ceramics can provide information about cultural contacts between these regions. The study analyzes three categories of ceramic vessels: Mycenaean pottery, matt-painted pottery, and incised and encrusted pottery. The research includes materials from archaeological sites located in the Vardar and Struma valleys, which were important communication routes and sites of cultural interactions during the Late Bronze Age in this mountainous part of the southeastern Balkans. These river valleys, due to their strategic location, likely served as corridors for cultural exchange, making them key areas for studying interregional contacts. The dissertation discusses issues of chronology and settlement organization during the Late Bronze Age. Despite influences from the southern Mycenaean world, the settlements retained their local traditions, which is reflected in the unique character of their ceramic production. The methodology of the work is based on traditional research techniques, such as techno-stylistic analysis of ceramics, complemented by spatial analyses. The research sample consists of vessels and fragments collected in the collections of institutions such as the British Museum in London, the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, and the Regional Historical Museum in Blagoevgrad. The study takes into account fragments collected during some of the earliest research activities in the region—during World War I and the 1920s, as well as more recent materials gathered during systematic surface surveys in Greece and Bulgaria. Additionally, to complement the information derived from ceramic analyses, a series of spatial analyses was conducted for the southeastern Balkans using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. This allowed for a better understanding of the function of settlements in the spatial context of cultural contacts. The dissertation includes an analysis of the development of ceramic production in Central Macedonia, including northern and southern influences. The research examines how local ceramics were shaped by these influences while maintaining their unique characteristics. The highlighted categories of ceramic vessels played a crucial role in analyzing cultural contacts, showing how local communities integrated external influences into their production. The study identifies which regions in the Central Macedonia network were key from the perspective of interregional interactions. By the end of the Late Bronze Age, no significant breaks in settlement continuity were recorded in the northern Aegean region, suggesting a stable development of material culture despite external influences. In Central Macedonia, no institutionalized political centers were recorded, distinguishing this region from the more advanced southern Greek areas. Further research, including more advanced chemical and petrographic analyses, could provide additional information and deepen the understanding of cultural dynamics in this part of the world. The dissertation also highlights the importance of studies on burial rituals, which in Central Macedonia are still poorly understood. The lack of formal burial practices distinguishes this region from neighboring areas, where burial rituals were more developed. Further research on this aspect may provide new information on the social and cultural structures of the region. Finally, the dissertation presents a future perspective, suggesting that the inclusion of modern analytical techniques, such as chemical and petrographic analysis, could significantly enhance the understanding of Central Macedonian ceramics and their role in interregional cultural contacts. Wydział Archeologii
Ceramika – badania osadów organicznych wnętrza naczyń
(Wydział Archeologii UAM, 2021) Krueger, Marta
Ceramika – badania petroarcheologiczne
(2021) Gunia, Piotr; Krueger, Marta; Lisowska, Ewa
Dendroarcheologia
(Wydział Archeologii UAM, 2021) Dąbrowski, Henryk P.
Excavations in Kamenets-Podolskiy, Tatarysky: Small-scale insight on large-scale questions
(Faculty of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 2021-12) Diachenko, Aleksandr; Sobkowiak-Tabaka, Iwona; Piątkowska, Grażyna; Martini, Sarah; Rand, Asta
This paper presents the results of field work carried out in terms of a collaborative Polish- Ukrainian project. The main aim of this project is to investigate the transformations and modifications of culture in prehistory as reflected in the archaeological record, focusing on the issues of cultural expansion, unification, and internal diversity. The excavations of Western Tripolye culture settlement of Kamenets-Podolskiy (Tatarysky) were conducted to provide an empirical base for this work. During first season of excavations remains of a burnt house (ploschadka) and pottery kilns were excavated.

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