Artykuły naukowe (WSE)
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Item 100 lat systemu pomocy społecznej w PolsceBrenk, Mikołaj; Chaczko, Krzysztof; Pląsek, RafałPomoc społeczna (do lat 90. formalnie: opieka społeczna) funkcjonuje w Polsce właściwie od stu lat. Można byłoby więc założyć, iż jest to instytucja dojrzała. Jednak jej specyfika – w tym rola w przestrzeni społeczno-gospodarczej – powoduje, że stojące u podstaw systemu pomocy założenia ulegały często radykalnym przemianom, w różnym stopniu reagując na pojawiające się potrzeby społeczne. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie drogi, jaką przebyła instytucja opieki i pomocy społecznej w ciągu ostatnich stu lat. Kolejne części poświęcone będą charakterystyce najpierw opieki społecznej, kolejno w okresie międzywojennym oraz Polski Ludowej, następnie zaś instytucji pomocy społecznej w III Rzeczpospolitej. Niniejszy tekst jest próbą syntetycznego ukazania kluczowych kwestii związanych stricte z formalno-instytucjonalnym funkcjonowaniem sektora opieki i pomocy społecznej w zmiennych warunkach polityczno-ustrojowych lat 1918–2018, stąd z pewnością wiele zagadnień (osób, instytucji, wydarzeń) ważnych w dziejach tej dziedziny zostało potraktowanych marginalnie, bądź pominiętych.Item 100 lat systemu pomocy społecznej w Polsce(2018) Brenk, Mikołaj; Chaczko, Krzysztof; Pląsek, RafałThe goal of this article is to sum up the past hundred years of the social security system in Poland, starting with establishment thereof as Poland regained statehood in 1918. The changes which occurred in that time have been divided into three subsequent stages of the history of the Polish social security system. The first was the Interwar period when efforts were made to establish a social security system in independent Poland, in areas formerly divided between Austria, Prussia and Russia with extreme systems of social security. The next period was the Polish People’s Republic (1944–1989) when the communist authorities dismantled the pre-war social security system based on cooperation between state-owned and social organisations and the Church, replacing it with inefficient structures interested only in selected social groups in need. On the other hand, the third stage, commenced in 1989, of reconstructing social security, at first offered social protection for individuals affected by the system transformation. The last dozen or so years of development of social security is characterised by increasingly visible stimulation of social and economic growth to activate people from the fringes of the society.Item 100 years of the social assistance system in Poland(2018) Brenk, Mikołaj; Chaczko, Krzysztof; Pląsek, RafałThe goal of this article is to sum up the past hundred years of the social security system in Poland, starting with establishment thereof as Poland regained statehood in 1918. The changes which occurred in that time have been divided into three subsequent stages of the history of the Polish social security system. The first was the Interwar period when efforts were made to establish a social security system in independent Poland, in areas formerly divided between Austria, Prussia and Russia with extreme systems of social security. The next period was the Polish People’s Republic (1944–1989) when the communist authorities dismantled the pre-war social security system based on cooperation between state-owned and social organisations and the Church, replacing it with inefficient structures interested only in selected social groups in need. On the other hand, the third stage, commenced in 1989, of reconstructing social security, at first offered social protection for individuals affected by the system transformation. The last dozen or so years of development of social security is characterised by increasingly visible stimulation of social and economic growth to activate people from the fringes of the society.Item 25 lat Wydziału Studiów Edukacyjnych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu(2018) Nowak-Kluczyński, Konrad; Brenk, MikołajItem 45 lat zawodu "pracownik socjalny" w PolsceBrenk, MikołajItem „A jednak offline”: doniesienia z jakościowych badań nad hybrydyzacją samorzutnej aktywności poznawczej(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2016) Cichocki, Sylwester; Czysz, Robert; Przybyła, Tomasz; Klichowski, MichałBackground: In the contemporary culture we observed a kind of apology for the hybridization of cognitive activity. Nevertheless, we don’t know is it a real phenomenon or only a facade. To shed some new light on this issue, we investigated two qualitative studies on the hybridization of spontaneous cognitive activity. Methods: Three martial arts masters and four triathletes took part in these studies. A structured interview was used to collect data. Results: We found that professional and experienced athletes do not recognize a big potential for hybridization. They can’t imagine a strong hybridization of own, and their students, spontaneous cognitive activity, both in the current and the future technological reality. Conclusions: This study contradicts the idea of the superiority (in the cognitive contexts) of what online, over what offline.Item Agresja elektroniczna dzieci i młodzieży – różne wymiary zjawiska(Fundacja Dzieci Niczyje, 2009) Pyżalski, JacekAgresja elektroniczna, czyli w dużym uproszczeniu taka, do której realizacji stosuje się współczesne technologie komunikacyjne – głównie Internet i telefony komórkowe, jest powszechnie uważana za poważny problem zarówno z obszaru zdrowia publicznego, jak i edukacji. Coraz częściej realizowane są zarówno na świecie, jak i w Polsce różnego rodzaju kampanie społeczne i inne działania, głównie o charakterze edukacyjnym, które mają na celu zapobieganie bądź interwencję, kiedy taka agresja się pojawia. Z drugiej jednak strony, nawet czołowi badacze problematyki zauważają, iż sama definicja zjawiska oraz jego subtypów są na obecnym etapie rozważań słabo dopracowane. Utrudnia to nie tylko ilościowe badania naukowe, w których trzeba operacjonalizować zmienne, ale także przez brak jasnej definicji zjawiska i sposobu pomiaru w różnych badaniach, utrudnione są wszelkie próby porównań międzypopulacyjnych. Do tego brak wyodrębnionych subtypów zjawiska powoduje, że w rozważaniach nadmiernie generalizuje się znaczną ilość różnych jakościowo zachowań, gubiąc tym samym społeczną specyfikę poszczególnych typów zachowań, które można charakteryzować jako agresję elektroniczną. W artykule dokonano przeglądu różnych wymiarów, które warto brać pod uwagę definiując i operacjonalizując poszczególne rodzaje agresji elektronicznej. Ograniczono się do tych sytuacji, w których sprawcami lub ofiarami agresji elektronicznej są dzieci i młodzież. Wykorzystano wymiary stosowane do charakterystyki agresji rówieśniczej rozumianej w sposób tradycyjny oraz te, które zostały zidentyfikowane w badaniach jakościowych opartych głównie na metodzie wywiadu (on-line i face-to-face) ze studentami, młodzieżą i nauczycielami, którzy byli sprawcami, ofiarami lub świadkami agresji elektronicznej.Item Alkoholizm kobiet na przykładzie doświadczeń pracowników Miejskiego Ośrodka Pomocy Rodzinie w Poznaniu (filia Wilda)(Instytut Rozwoju Służb Społecznych, 2014) Włodarczyk, EwaKobiety obarczone własnym problemem alkoholowym (niezdiagnozowanym lub zidentyfikowanym) ujawniają się w polu działania szeroko rozumianych służb społecznych. W swojej codzienności zawodowej mają z nimi kontakt między innymi pracownicy socjalni. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi prezentację wybranych wyników uzyskanych w toku przeprowadzonych wywiadów eksperckich z pracownikami socjalnymi jednej z filii Miejskiego Ośrodka Pomocy Rodzinie w Poznaniu (realizowanych w ramach szerszego projektu badawczego dotyczącego społecznego problemu alkoholowego kobiet) diagnozujących ich stanowisko wobec problemu alkoholowego kobiet, jego przejawów oraz obecności tych kobiet w przestrzeni zatrudniającej ich instytucji oraz ich własnych obowiązków zawodowych.Item Amerykańskie i angielskie wzory strategii awersywnych(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2012) Muskała, MaciejThis paper presents examples of activities referring to aversive strategies applied in USA: boot camps and England: High-Intensity Training HIT. It introduces general assumptions and principles operating this penitentiary systems as well as critically evaluates the reasonability of its application.Item Animacja społeczna w kontekście bierności i jej przełamywania(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2017) Włodarczyk, EwaArtykuł stanowi zachętę do refleksji nad determinantami (uwarunkowaniami i barierami) jednostkowej i społecznej pasywności vs. aktywności, istotnej z punktu widzenia pedagogicznych celów animacji społecznejItem Anthropomorphizing Nature as a Tool for Environmental Education. Opinions of Pedagogy Students in the Context of Represented Environmental Ethics(UKSW, 2023) Kozłowska, Agnieszka; Czapla, MałgorzataThe purpose of the study was to check pedagogy students’ opinions on using anthropomorphizing nature for the development of pro-environmental knowledge and behaviour in the context of their own environmental ethics orientations. An online survey for university pedagogy students from Poznan, Poland, was conducted. N=221 respond-ents, of whom 97% were women, filled out the questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used for closed questions on students’ opinions about using anthropomorphizing nature for environmental education. To find out the respondents’ environmental ethics orientations, content analysis of answers to open questions was used, applying theory-based cat-egories of environmental orientations derived from environmental ethics (anthropocentrism, biocentrism). The findings revealed that the majority of students believe that anthropomorphism of nature helps in the development of pro-envi-ronmental behaviour (62.4%) and knowledge (55.8%). In justification, most (63.8%) presented anthropocentric attitudes; 27.5% of answers were biocentric, and 8.8% – mixed eclectic. According to the other questions the respondents supported biocentric environmental norms. Their justifications, however, again revealed mostly anthropocentric motivations 63.2%. Conclusion: Pedagogy students, although they support biocentric norms, believe that anthropomorphism of nature will be the right tool for environmental education, and use anthropocentric arguments in their justifications. In their future pedagogical practice, they will rather develop anthropocentric orientations in children, building positive attitudes to-wards nature on (false) belief in similarities of human and non-human living organisms, instead of recognition of their “otherness” and intrinsic value.Item Between Kwanzaa and Jediism. Contemporary constructions of religious identity and imagined communities(2012) Drozdowicz, JaremaItem Brunatna edukacja. Kultura, nauka i wychowanie w Trzeciej Rzeszy(Humaniora. Fundacja dla humanistyki, 2016) Drozdowicz, JaremaThe system of education in the Third Reich represented a specific way of combining ideological indoctrination with a certain set of national myths. It was based on a racial discourse and anti-Semitism, as well it persuaded an imperative of total domination over non-German groups of people. This paper deals with the distinctive features of the mentioned educational system in order to deliver a better understanding of functioning of education within a totalitarian regime. Education is her not just simply a selected area of authoritarian politics but an important tool in the mechanism of maintaining control over people’s minds through changing their worldview.Item Building Global Communities Through Universal Bilingual Education(Pixel, 2023) Drozdowicz, JaremaThis paper explores the process resulting in building global communities through the idea of universal bilingual education. In order to do so the paper presents basic theoretical concepts of global communities that are useful today, ie. community of trade, community of law, and community of autonomous communities. Those three concepts are being used to reflect the key aspects of the process in the context of bilingual education and its central role to the effort of building global bridges across local determinants of national schooling systems and the school practice. Thus the case study of the Polish educational initiative International Social Education Programme Bilingual Future serves the purpose of showing how it could be done with the clear goal of gaining real linguistic competence along with social, communicative, and intercultural skills.Item Changing the model of fatherhood Towards balancing parental roles and building balance between professional and family life(Fundacja Pedagagium, 2023) Ratajczak, Łukasz P.; Kozłowska, AgnieszkaThe subject of theoretical reflections and empirical analysis is the change within one of the key social roles men play: the role of a father. An essential element of these transformations is the detraditionalization of the fatherhood and family model, associated with moving away from patriarchy and the emancipation of women and men from their traditional social roles. Such a change helps reconcile professional and family roles, improves the professional situation of mothers, and benefits the child, who gains a father – a caring guardian, partner, and friend instead of a strict and absent father. Considerations on the change in the fatherhood model are based on a literature review and reinforced by a pilot study conducted in the form of an online survey among pedagogy students regarding their preferred family model, fatherhood, and childcare. In the pilot study, 69 students participated, most of them women (89.9%). The majority (71%) indicated a partnership model, while 25% chose a mixed model. Only one person indicated a traditional model, and no one selected the reversed traditional model. Over 90% of the respondents expect equal involvement of fathers in childcare, while 10% see them in the role of “helpers.” The majority of respondents expect men to be regularly involved in household chores and yard work. Nearly half of the participants (N = 28) believe that a mother’s professional work positively influences a child’s development; N = 12 think it has a negative impact, and N=10 individuals believe it is indifferent. Regarding the father’s employment, values were similar (30, 11, 10). The most often preferred forms of childcare for the respondents are daycare centres (over 70% of respondents) and home care (25%). Most respondents (70%) would like to have two or three children, and another 12% – four or more, indicating that the demographic decline is not the result of changing preferences but rather other obstacles.Item Chasing Tinderella: love and affection in the age of the mobile device industry(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2017) Drozdowicz, JaremaThe extensive use of mobile phones is today a constant part of our daily routines. This social habit had afected also the spehere of emotion, sexuality and the ways people show affection or discontent towards the others. This paper aims at the main characteristics of the relatively new phenomenon of online dating and dating applications in the cintext of the mobile industry’s rise in contemporary economies. The process of a growing number of devices and applications sold worldwide cannot be disregarded in a sociological sense as it clearly affects other areas of public and private lives of individuals. The issue of online security is here also brought into attention. The main thesis of this paper is however based on the notion of the mobile industry as a main factor in changing the technological side of social relations in the todays reality, but on the other hand a certain historical evidence is being highlighted that shows a continuity on a more personal level of the way people deal with love in general.Item Children’s literature and educational games popularizing knowledge about the 20th century history among children at early school age(2019) Brenk, MikołajThe work discusses auxiliary materials for conducting historical education of children aged 6-9 in Poland. The issue is exemplified by selected publications, which in the form of books, comic books and educational games bring about the history of Poland in the 20th century to children. Contemporary publishing positions for early school students have the advantage of teaching history in an active way – the child becomes a participant in historical events. The emotional sphere is involved, so that the acquired knowledge is memorized for a longer time and raises positive connotations. Reversing the traditional form of knowledge administration through learning from detail to the general encourages children to seek answers to emerging questions and to reach to traditional knowledge resources.Item City-based learning - koncepcja uczenia się poprzez miasto. Tło teoretyczne, podstawowe założenia, przyszłe konteksty rozwoju i implementacji(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2018) Kruszwicka, Agnieszka; Klichowski, MichałCurrently, over a half of the world’s population lives in cities. It is estimated that by 2050 at least 85 per cent of Europeans will have lived in European cities. This trend is related to the fact that cities are today spaces of permanent learning in authentic contexts, and it is fostered by the development of new technologies. However, little is known about the city-based learning concept, which is crucial for such type of technology-enhanced learning. Here, we discuss the theoretical background, basic assumptions and future contexts of development and implementation of this idea. Firstly, we demonstrate that city-based learning is based on such theories as urban studies, pedagogy of place, as well as urban education, explorative learning, learning outside the classroom, mobility of learning space or on-street activity. Secondly, we show that smartphones, tablets, GPS, educational cloud and digital textbooks are technologies for city-based learning. We conclude that cities connected to an educational cloud (that is full of educational resources and serving as a platform for educational communication) are unique environments for students equipped with mobile tools. Finally, we point out a new project on a city-based learning implementation.Item Climate change education in Polish and British national curriculum frameworks(Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej (Lublin), 2021) Kozłowska, AgnieszkaIntroduction: The presence and the content of climate education in national curriculum frameworks gain the growing attention of researchers all over the world. Climate education addresses the challenges of the climate crisis and is an important part of ecological transformation in advanced economies. Research Aim: The study aimed to compare the Polish core curriculum and the English national curriculum, in terms of the presence of climate change education in the curricula’s content. Method: The material of the study was 2 documents: the Polish core curriculum and the English national curriculum. The study was limited to key stages 1–3 in the National Curriculum which corresponds with kindergarten and primary school level in the Polish core curriculum. Content analysis was conducted using a categorisation key, with a set of words characteristic of a climate change concept. Results: Climate change is absent in studied curriculum standards. Only 3 out of 19 keywords were present in the Polish core curriculum, whereas in the English national curriculum – 5 of them. In both cases, keywords did not demonstrate direct reference to climate change. Conclusion: Both studied documents are devoid of climate change education. The National Curriculum seems to be better at meeting the challenge of climate education, but differences are minor. The result may be caused by centralisation and politicization of the procedure of constructing both the studied documents, which may be an obstacle to introducing new aspects of knowledge and attitudes. The political context of the omission of climate change education in the national curriculum needs further studies under the concept of the null curriculum of Elliot Eisner.Item Codzienne operacje arytmetyczne a problem kosztów podwójnego zadania: raport z eksperymentu behawioralnego kontrolowanego elektroencefalografem(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2018) Przybyła, Tomasz; Klichowski, MichałBackground: Very recent studies show that a cognitive-motor interference can expose people not only to a motor danger but also weaken their cognitive capabilities. This effect is called the dual-task cost. One of the most popular examples of it nowadays is the smartphone use while walking, which is well examined. Yet, there are no studies that would analyse to what extent the other high-popular dual-task situation – shopping at the supermarket, weakens cognitive processes. To shed some light on this issue, we investigated a behavioral experiment on everyday mental calculations. Methods: Twenty mathematically-educated adults took part in this study. We used stimuli in the form of shop labels. The participant's task was to add two prices or state the price after a discount. They carried out the tasks by turns, either by standing (single-task) or walking with a shopping basket (dual-task). EEG controlled level of their attention. Results: We found that a cognitive-motor interference do not affected the everyday mental calculations. But, such familiar mental arithmetic as calculating prices after discounts was frighteningly difficult for the participants. Conclusions: While our finding does not confirm the occurrence of dual-task costs in everyday mental calculations, it has profound consequences for a mathematical education, which effects turn out to be useless in real life.