Studia Romanica Posnaniensia, 2000, vol. 25/26
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Item Al torno de los conceptos del realismo mágico y lo real maravilloso - intento de diferenciación(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Charchalis, WojciechThe article presents some notes about the nature of the magic realism that can become useful to formulate a homogeneous definition of the concept. The basic differences between the concepts of magic realism and “lo real maravilloso” of Alejo Carpentier are also exposed. Those terms are frequently erroneously equalled by the critics which generates a terminological confusion that should be cleared. The magic realism is presented as an aesthetic term whereas “lo real maravilloso” is considered as an ontological term, which constitutes the main difference between them.Item Albert Camus, écrivain français d’Algérie(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Stępniak, MariaThis study is about the Algerianity of Albert Camus, the greatest French writer of Algeria. The topic tackled has three aspects: Algeria as source of work, Camus’s Algerian political philosophy and the deterioration of his relationships with the native Algerian writers. The authoress leads to the following thesis: Albert Camus inscribes himself into the history of North African literature at the decline of the colonial age. His work is situated between a French colonial literature and one of the Algerians, founders of a national literature. Anticolonialist but opposed to the independence of Algeria, Albert Camus was overtaken by the revolution in motion. Camus’s double identity within the context of the Algerian war condemned him to becoming a stranger in his two countries. The drama of his separation fiom the Mother Algeria turned to tragedy with his premature and absurd death. The message of Albert Camus, an agnostic and moralist writer, remains alive. The author of The insurgent man encourages to overtake the absurdity of the human condition by man’s own strengths. Albert Camus, the Algerian sings the wedding of the man and the nature. Great artist, he continues to fascinate generations of readers with his magic word. For some of them, it’s because of its art that the work of Albert Camus remains.Item Analyse conversationnelle et didactique de la traduction(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Stefanink, BerndThe analysis of conversations held by two or more students negotiating a joint version of a translation has an important didactic value. It enables the teacher to work on the translational behavior of the students instead of merely limiting her/his activity to the correction of diverse grammar and semantic mistakes. The confrontation with their own translation procedures heightens the students’ awareness of what it really means to translate. In many cases it leads to a catharsis which in turn motivates the students to study the different factors involved in the translation process. On a larger scale, conversational analysis provides the teacher with a sound basis on which to structure a translation course and organize a syllabus.Item «Anna Karénine» travestie ou une mise en abyme transtextuelle. Sur quelques pratiques transtextuelles dans la prose d ’Albert Cohen(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Sadkowski, PiotrTranstextuality is the first principle o f Albert Cohen’s writing. The author of this paper is trying to reveal the function on the combination of two aspects of transtextuality (external and internal) in generating multiple interpretations of Cohen’s novels. To illustrate this problem the author presents one of the narrative strategies in Albert Cohen’s prose: “transtextual mise en abyme”, applied to Tolstoy’s novel Anna Karenina. This notion refers to the combined effect of transtextual processes (from implicit mention to allusion to travesty) and mise en abyme. The fiction of Anna Karenina transformed by one of Cohen’s heroes, Mangeclous in the eponym novel and in Les Valeureux, is a travesty. Nevertheless if the reader examines this process in an intratextual perspective, he realizes that this transformation is at the same time, because in the travesty of Tolstoy Cohen’s own text (Belle du Seigneur) is mirrored. Thus Karenina’s story in Mangeclous and Les Valeureux is a prolepsis of the fiction of Belle du Seigneur.Item Aspects socio- et psycholinguistiques de la modélisation de la compréhension des textes de la vie quotidienne: fait divers et publicité(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Miczka, EwaThe author’s aim is to study understanding of text as process, within text linguistics, with consideration of the main factors which condition it. The author concentrates her attention mainly on the phenomenon of the reader’s constant referring to the text which he interprets to the information previously acquired by him.Item Co-construction de sens en situation de conception d ’un outil didactique(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Brassac, Christian; Grégori, NicolasIn the article, the author defends a thesis on the necessity of application in psychology and other cognitive sciences of a methodology based on the interactive theory. Therefore, it is postulated that analysis from the perspective of a monologue be replaced by the analysis from the interactive perspective. The article consists of two parts. In the first part a model of mutual understanding is presented, which was devised at the Psychological Laboratory of the Nancy University 2, and in the other, a proposal of application of this model for the developing of didactic aids of a multimedial character is discussed.Item Comment traduire l’inexistant: définitude/indéfinitude des syntagmes binominaux(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Karolak, StanisławThe article deals with the problem of criteria to be followed in the translation of Slavic noun phrases that have no overt markers of definiteness/indefiniteness into a language with articles. It is affirmed that the category of semantic defmiteness/indefiniteness is not restricted to languages with articles and therefore the initial criterion is furnished by sense, or more precisely, by the relations between the intention of the noun phrase and the intention determined by its position. These relations determine intentional completeness or incompleteness, tantamount to definiteness and indefiniteness, respectively. Because of the fact that there is no one-to-one correspondence between semantic definiteness or indefiniteness and their surface reflexes, the translator must furthermore follow the idiomatic rules that govern the assignment of definiteness markers to particular semantic categories. Selected parallelisms between semantic and formal rules are illustrated with equivalences between Slavic (Polish and Russian) noun phrases and their translations in French.Item Décoder à travers les âges: traduction polonaise des textes d’ancien français(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Giermak-Zielińska, TeresaThe main problem discussed is how a contemporary Polish reader is supposed to receive a translation of a medieval text. The traditional choice between a philological translation and a stylistically enhanced text is not relevant according to the E. Nida’s theory of the dynamic equivalence. In his translation theory, special emphasis is given to the achievement of good readability. Some solutions resulting from author's practical experiences are proposed.Item Étude contrastive du système des pronoms en français et en roumain (du point de vue du système linguistique et du point de vue socioculturel)(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Bălăcescu, Ioana AdrianaWith regard to the use of pronouns Romanian shares a number of features with other Romance languages in opposition to French and English, due to the linguistic system: the pronouns are not obligatory because of the morphological markedness o f the verbal forms. For reasons linked to the socio-cultural system however the use of pronouns is far more differentiated in Romanian than in any other Romance or Anglo- Saxon language.Item Facteurs discoursifs dans I'amplification du texte pendant la traduction(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Szeflińska-Karkowska, MagdalenaThis article discusses the role of discourse’s factors in amplification in the process of translation from the French language to the Polish language. Role of discourse’s factors is discussed from the perspective of comprehension which is examined with regard to syntactic and semantic components of the text. A detailed analysis of the cognitive process involved in translation is presented on the basis of examples from literary texts.Item Formy skrócone rzeczowników francuskich oznaczających osoby(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Gajos, MieczysławThe author o f this article deals with the problems of “abbreviated forms” in French, emphasising the role which this type of lexical units performs in communication. Their detailed typology, mechanisms which are their foundation and their functioning in language are performed. In his conclusion the author postulates that this kind of lexical units should be taken into consideration more comprehensively than it has been so far.Item La gestión du couple QUESTION-RÉPONSE (Q-R) en situation de communication assistée par un(e) interprete(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Apfelbaum, BirgitThis paper explores the interactional management of question-answer sequences in interpreter-mediated business encounters and discusses didactic applications for interpreter training. A close analysis of transcripts from authentic audiotaped data reveals how the turn-taking system in the translational mode is particularized to contextual needs, i.e., as talk progresses, the business partners, rather than addressing one another, take turns being ‘bystanders’ as the other one communicates with the interpreter respectively. The interpreter takes and is given responsibilities to make the question-answer sequences work, especially as far as respecting conditional relevances is concerned. This system seems to be fully functional for a professional management of such situations and thus could be used as an analytical tool in training future liaison interpreters.Item La notion de modèle de discours appliquée à la traduction(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Bocquet, ClaudeThe author makes an attempt at determining how much and to what an extent various types of discourse and their characteristics have, or should have, an influence on the process of translation. In the text it is shown in what way the medical discourse historically had an influence on the modern French in the field of economics. In order to draw conclusions concerning translation of this type of texts this kind of special French is compared with the German and Italian language of economics.Item La représentation du discours de Gustave Flaubert dans une étude de Ferdinand Brunetière(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Dutka, AnnaThe analysis concerns the means of representation of the discourse of G. Flaubert in the study of F. Brunetière which has as its aim the assessment o f this writer on the basis of his works. The categories which have been considered are: representation of the other discourse (reported speech, autonymic modalisation) and the borrowing of segments which serve to discuss the procedures of writing. We have observed the presence of many opaque and clouding formulations. To a large degree the critic bases his judgements on the words and opinions of the writer himself. In particular cases, Flaubert as a source becomes cospeaker and is identified as «the poet».Item La traduction et les limites de la fidélité(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Bogacki, KrzysztofThis article is devoted to the problem of divergence occurring among different versions of translation of the same text. On the basis of investigated translations by Polish oustanding poets of La Fontaine’s Fables into Polish the author offers a classification of divergences found. This classification takes into consideration both the semantic and formal factors.Item Las divergencias en el régimen verbal del objeto directo e indirecto en polaco y en castellano(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Pawlik, JanuszThe divergence in the use of noun objects required by certain verbs in both languages is obvious. The problem, however, becomes difficult to solve, because in Spanish it is sometimes impossible to tell the difference between the direct and indirect object in a verb group. Unlike other Romance languages, the preposition ‘a’ is often both the mark of accusative and dative forms. In addition, the defective pronoun forms replacing noun objects are widespread in Spain (leísmo, laísmo) and create confusion in speakers’ minds. In this paper, we will try to find out the real syntactic value of some Spanish objects, usually mistaken by Polish learners of Spanish, and to draw up a list of those verbs whose objects don’t agree in both languages.Item Le discours et ses situations(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Rey-Debove, JosetteThis paper aims to situate the various areas of discourse analysis with respect to general typological or intersecting characteristics, and to èxtend our apprehension of «true meaning» as far as possible. It suggests that unacceptable phrases and paralinguistic elements can be included in semantics, and that non-spontaneous cited or transcribed discourse can be considered alongside spontaneous oral and written discourse. A distinction is made between the «producer» (who is «responsible») and the «emitter»; between the «addressee» (who is deliberately targeted) and the «receiver». The emitter is often citing a third party, while the addressee is often non-specific or accidental. Provision is made for conflictual relationships between speakers (claiming the right to speak in public) and messages with pseudo addressees, which give the function of expression priority over the function of communication. The phatic function merely maintains a relationship between speakers which is detrimental to meaning, just as violence may ensue when intercomprehension breaks down.Item Le sens et l'information à transmettre dans la traduction des messages verbo-visuels(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Tomaszkiewicz, TeresaThis article focusses on the search for a solution to problems of translation of texts of a verbal-visual character. Despite appearance various images occurring in these texts are not automatically understood by a foreign recipient since they undergo a certain codification, characteristic of every culture individually. In the meantime the sense of these verbal-visual tramsmissions is a result of various relations into which enter with each other both semiotic elements (parallel, supplementing and interpretative meaning, equivalence and contradiction). The author tries to answer the question about the way in which the translator of this type of texts may render their sense and transmit information contained in them for the use of a foreign recipient.Item Les erreurs de déterminants chez les étudiants en français langue étrangère: une perspective microtextuelle(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Jespersen, JanineThe goal of this paper is to provide teachers of French with the origin of main errors made by Slavic students in the use of articles. In the languages of these students tjjere are no articles. Of particular interest are binominal structures, for example: text analysis, (l’analyse de texte) vs analysis of the text, (l’analyse du texte). In the first example an entity is subcategorised as a generic entity; in the second example this expression is used as the noun of a process: the text was read, discussed, explored .........The analysis of the te x t............. Constructions of this type are often used in order to provide summaries and introduce abstractions in scientific and academic texts. I shall apply the theory of Alain Berrendonner to these structures and I shall suggest some ways of correcting errors in this area.Item L’interaction en classe, un “polylogue praxéologique”?(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2000) Bouchard, RobertThis study focuses on classroom interaction during a geography lesson for 2nd year students in a French Secondary School. It deals with two phenomena: (i) the multi-participant organisation of this interaction; (ii) its task-oriented nature. In the turn, two issues are raised on the one hand, the role played in the interaction by the context of work with its written and pictorial artefacts and^ on the other hand, the various types of activities carried out by the teachers and the students. The teacher is the only one who knows the ultimate aim of the communicative event which he has planned with precision beforehand in a written form and which he effectuates through successive stages by presenting documents used to channel the students’ participation. This leads to students’ participating in diverse tasks which are not only didactic but furthermore (micro-)social. The synchronisation between the teacher’s acts and those of the students is ensured through the (ethno-) methods developed during their previous school experience and is specifically materialised, in a recurrent way, into the form of ternary pedagogical exchanges.