Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne, 2013, nr 5
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Item Angelina Branković – święta władczyni w hymnografii. Zarys problemu(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Gapska, DominikaThe aim of this article is to present the idea of divinity of power on an example of the medieval service, dedicated to the Serbian despotess Angelina Branković. The image of a ruler and a concept of power presented in the text are based on the perception of Angelina as a participant and a heiress of the sacred tradition of Branković dynasty. The service has played an important role in the creation and strengthening of the ruler image in the spiritual culture of the Orthodox Serbs. In addition to strictly liturgical function, it also served as a way of transmission of the elementary set of national religious and political ideas. Hymnography dedicated to St. Angelina was a response to the social and religious needs to canonize the native saints who certify God’s care for Serbiain the period of slavery, strengthen the national spirit, contribute to stabilizing the situation in the country.Item Anton Tomaž Linhart Between the German and the Slovenian Language(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Strsoglavec, ĐurđaAnton Tomaž Linhart (1756–1795), is a critical intellectual and scholar of the age of Slo- venian Enlightenment, who introduced causal interpretation of history into Slovenian historiography and started its scientifical philosophy by his historical work Versuch einer Geschichte von Krain und den übrigen Ländern der südlichen Slaven Österreichs (1778, 1791). He was an open-minded man, at first deist under the influence of English philo- sophers, and afterward agnostic under the influence of French materialists and atheists, a man torn between his work as a scholar and a reformer and between the German and the Slovenian language. Linhart’s first works were written in German. Miss Jenny Love(1780) is an attempt of a tragedy, written according to the rules of the Enlightenment period tragedy, exhibiting the contrast between the corrupted nobility and the middle class. The collection of poems Blumen aus Krain für das Jahr 1781 is Linhart’s attempt of contemporary classicist poetry in the rococo fashion and after the manner of the Anacreontic and even Pre-Romantic poetry. Linhart wrote his first Slovenian-language drama Županova Micka (1789), while his second Slovenian drama called Ta veseli dan ali Matiček se ženi(1790) is the most important literary work of the Slovenian Enlightenment and the most wide-ranging echo of the French revolution in the Slovenian lite- rary production of the 18 th century. Linhart’s dramas Županova Micka and Matiček are a manifesto of Slovenehood and democracy expressed in dramatic form, and a declaration of support to the Slovenian people and their struggle against feudalism.Item Boska władza reżysera. Karel Hugo Hilar – pierwszy nowoczesny reżyser w czeskim teatrze(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Czachór, SylwiaThe aim of this research was to characterize changes in the perception of a function of theatre director at the begging of the 20th century. The Czech theatrical culture taking the pattern of great European theatre reformers of thattime, created a genuine theatrical theory of directing. Its first representative and implementer was Karel Hugo Hilar. His work was based on an assumption that a director is the highest instance in a preparation of performance, that can be compared only to a role of a sovereign. Moreover, Hilar was the first in the Czech cultural context to call a director the creator of a scenic reality. A reality that would represent a current world view transformed by theatrical means and the creative imagination of an artist.Item Druže Tito svi smo mi – ti(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Sorel, SanjinThe article describes different ways of depicting Josip Broz Tito in poems which embody socialistic values. The notion of the Government relies on the idea of the abscence, and the exact abscence requires the image in order to be effective. This is the key role of poetry, which conveyed the constructs of both individual and social illusion.Item Jak zostać bogiem?(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Milewska, MonikaSanctity is the very essence of political power, which needs its own rituals, myths, and symbols. This sacred nimbus confirms the authority of the ruler, making it unusual, mysterious and – as a result – untouchable. Religion is also the main source of the legitimacy of power, changing rulers into the sons of gods or at least kings „by the grace of God”. The twentieth century brought a new phenomenon: totalitarian personality cult, which is based on archaic beliefs and myths concerning power. Personality cult was a kind of charismatic power described by Max Weber, who considered charisma as strictly personal supernatural gifts of a new ruler. This article focuses on efforts made by the twentieth century dictators in order to create an artificial charisma and to become a living (and ruling) god.Item „Je to hra, v níž každý váš pohyb je v centru silového pole...”. O kapilarności władzy w powieści „Lehni, bestie!” J. Kratochvila(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Balcerzak, MałgorzataThis article is a critical analysis of the discourse of power represented in the postmodern narrative. In this perspective, the Czech writer’s book creates a special study of the ‘genea- logy of power’ (in relation to the concept of Michel Foucault). It arises from the combination by using of the social-fiction literary convention) that regards the story of two symbolic forms of violence, supporting ‘sacred’ process of ‘subjugation’ of the entity (the past regime and, as result of trauma, the present and the future regime). The first form is a result of disciplinary authority of the communist system (a reference to the history of the Czech history – the period of the radicalization of the regime in the 50s of the twentieth century). The second one exemplifies the postmodern capillary violence (a reference to the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center). In this analysis, the impact of the power dissipated in the human consciousness resembles chess game, used in the story of Kratochvil in order to express a dramatic situation in which the rate is the annexation of subjectivity.Item „Jestem wolą absolutną”. O boskości władzy w filozofii Ladislava Klímy(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Woźniak, KamilaThe article concerns philosophical concepts created by the Czech prose writer Ladislav Klíma. This author is nowadays counted among the most interesting Czech philosophers of the 20th century. His concepts inspired creators such as Hrabal or the Czech surrealists. The article’s author presents an outline of more important Klíma’s philosophical concepts, which allow to combine the theme of man’s deification with the divine aspect of power. In the article, a vision of the world and man created by Klíma is presented, which points out a Gnostic character of his philosophical theories. The presentation regarding a definition of freedom, which in Klíma’s depiction is the basis for achieving the divine state, is of an equal importance.Item Księżna Milica – między sakralizacją władzy monarszej, oficjalnym kultem cerkiewnym i narodowym mitem(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Brzozowska, ZofiaThis article is devoted to the one of the best known female rulers of medieval Serbia – princess Milica, wife of the prince Lazar Hrebeljanović, who had lost his live during the famous Battle of Kosovo Field in 1389. After the death of her husband, Milica founded the Ljubostinja monastery and became the nun Jevgenija. She was a close friend to the famous Serbian poet Jefimija, who accompanied princess Milica in the diplomatic mission to the Sultan’s court in 1398/1399. She died in 1405. She was canonized by the Serbian Orthodox Church. She appears also – as „tsaritsa Milica” – in Serbian folklore (epic poetry).Item Mocarstwo słabych – o wartości starców w kulturze ludowej(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Kalniuk, TomaszThe folk culture from the turn of the 20 th century was founded on the mythical paradigm. Its specific feature was an opposition between the selfand the other. It had ambivalent influence on those people and places which, due to actual or perceptual reasons, were placed on the margin of the mainstream of life. This includes, among others, the elders. On the one hand, they were treated by the community with reluctance, or even aggression, because of their decrepitude. On the other hand, they were respectedas guards of traditions, and intermediaries with the supernatural, who possessed a portion of its potential.Item Otpor materijala: teorijska vlast nad književnim tekstom(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Bekavac, LukaAfter a brief account of Derrida’s notion of singularity as an irreducible, quasi-material layer of (literary) texts, this article attempts to delineate its effects on theoretical or scientific mastery over literature. Invention and law are examined as necessary but mutually cancelling origins of aesthetic and scientific institutions, and the final chapter – following Derrida’s Ulysse gramophone – questions the limits of theoretical competence in collision with the incalculable swerve of literarity.Item Paraskiewa-Petka Tyrnowska w rosyjskim wariancie służby – „monarchiczny” obraz świętości(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Kuczyńska, MarzannaThe article discusses the specific of sanctity of Parascheva of Tirnovo in the Russian Orthodox Church, an anchoress the most venerated by the Eastern Church. The pattern of holiness formed in the late nineteenth century is far richerand deeper than in other Slavic Orthodox churches. It is based on the Trinitarian, Christological, Marian themes, as well as on the strict hesychastic asceticism proper for hermits. The functions of the saint are also wider – she serves as a teacher, protector, defender, guardian of the state, the highest authorities (tsar) and the faithful – which is not typical for the sanctity of women, but rather for the holy hierarchs, bishops as pastors of the Church and thenation.Item Politika i teatar: „Zoran Đinđić” Olivera Frljića i „Oni žive” Milana Markovića i Maje Pelević(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Đurić, DubravkaIn this paper, I am dealing with the political theater and performance. Both performances question the borders between artistic and non-artistic fields, and work with concept of documentary drama. Frljić’s play is realized within the post-drama paradigm,for which the idea of politics of theatrical form is important since it deals with the signifiers. Using the post-drama paradigm, Frljić in his play works with political discourses active in Serbian society in last 20 years. He touches the hidden collective traumas, and by this causes political reactions of the audience and media, which I discuss. Markovićand Pelevićtake the politcal parties to be the space for their performance. Their performance has three levels of performing. The first level is their membership in different parties, the second one refers to performing the text as a drama play, published in Scena magazine; and the third level concerns their performance’s public reading by theaudience.Item Rosyjski mit władzy a kult jednostki(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Kowalska, MartynaThe considerations in this paper focus upon the Russian idea of which consequence and extension is mythology of the Soviet times. We refer to the myths of tsarist Russia and to a specific relation to the authorities in Russia. The main theme of this paper concerns mythology of the Soviet times, especially one of its elements namely, the myth of power. The attention has been shifted to the history of personality cult, which revolved around Joseph Stalin. The position of the leader in the Stalinist soviet state can be conditioned by a relation to the authorities of which origin may be traced back to pre-revolutionary times. In the summary, an attempt has been made to unmask the myth of the leader on the basis of selected works from the circle of Russian samizdat literature.Item St. Vitus’ Day Among Slovenes(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Jezernik, BožidarNational holidays play an important role in the formation of common memories of the past, as they are the very sign that marks historical events and figures that must be known to all citizens, thereby establishing the symbolic unity of all the members of the nation. The holidays of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes emphasized the national unity of the ‘three tribes’, and St. Vitus’ Day was thus added to the otherwise short list. At the beginning of December 1919, the Minister of the Interior of the newly formed national state of the ‘nation with three names’ declared three new national holidays: 1 December as the ‘day of the unification of our „nation with three names”’; St. Peter’s Day on 12 July as the birthday of King Peter I.; and St. Vitus’ Day on 28 June as a ‘day of commemoration for those who had died fighting for the faith and the homeland’. The use of Serbian symbols and cultural forms in commemorations in the new nation-state meant that the commemorations in the state of the ‘nation with three names’ glorified the Serbian sacrifices and suffering, but denied the contribution of Croats and Slovenes to the establishment of the state community. Together with the provisions and spirit of the St. Vitus’ Day Constitution, the glorification of Serbian mythology as the national mythology of the ‘nation with three names’, which was meant to be the foundation stone for the bright future of the unified nation, became more and more of a stumbling stone with each passing day.Item Świętość władzy podług mnicha Paisija(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Walczak-Mikołajczakowa, MariolaThe symbolic beginning of the Bulgarian National Rebirth dates back to 1762 when Paisii Hilendarski wrote History of the Slavobulgarian, which was the first historgraphic work in the Bulgarian literature. Among others, the work has been widely discussed from a linguistic point of view. This time, however, the author does not concentrate on its symbolic dimension in the process of development of the Bulgarianliterary language but on the lexis concerning the Bulgarian rulers. The article covers ananalysis of Paisii’s lexemes, expressions and phrases with the help of which the chronicler assessed the ruler and, at the same time, shaped opinions of the readers of his time.Item „Titofania”. Formy obecności symbolicznej Josipa Broza Tity w Jugosławii doby socjalizmu(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Bogusławska, MagdalenaText is an analysis of symbolic strategies, servingcreation of Josip Broz Tito’s authority as the leader of the socialist Yugoslavia; it also reveals their cultural and political motivations. Author indicates three dominant factors in the process of cult creation, which are characteristic for the cult of personality in totalitarian systems; as such they also remain a specific continuation of traditions as a base of the local power culture. In this perspective, the Tito’s cult and political mythology as its frame is an endemic embodiment of mythological provincionalism with universal aspirations – typical for communism. The function of this cult is a consolidation of multi-nation community and legitimization of federal state formula in the conditions of immaturity of the local political culture.Item Važnost kontrastivnog pristupa u poučavanju stranoga jezika – primjer ovladavanja hrvatskim za poljske govornike(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Kodrić, Ana; Vidović Bolt, IvanaThis paper describes the experience of working witha homogeneous group of students, ages 18–25 years old, who studied Croatian as a first ora second foreign Slavic language. A few, isolated examples showcase analysis of errors recorded or documented in tests, dictations, and essays as well as oral and written communication with Polish students of Croatian language. The errors are mistakes that reflect interference, the similarities between the two languages. Given the limited space in this paper, we will not offer strategies or tips to avoid these mistakes effectively.Item W Chilandarze. Nacjonalizm jako religia(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Čolović, Ivan; Kostić, StanislavaItem Władza i rodowód. O wizerunku władcy w staroserbskiej literaturze(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Lis-Wielgosz, IzabelaThe article refers to a problem of relationship between authority and genealogy, and to their specific functioning in the Old Serbian literature,that is in other words, in the hagiographical, historiographical, and hymnic texts. In all those works, the combination of the both ideas undoubtedly serves the ideological creation, regarding the image of sovereign together with the exposition of his extra-ordinary lineage and destiny which are tied to his place and role in the space of history, politics, religion, and culture. In the literature, this peculiar relationship is expressed by the two characteristic constructions of dynasty and genealogy. With regard to this representation, the dynastic construction is based on the model of biblical motif concerning Jesse’s stem and functions as the saint osierof the family of Nemanjić. As for the second construction, of genealogy, it reveals itself as a component of the classical myth of historiography that determines the beginnings namely, the Serbian sovereign’s mythical genesis that also concerns all his charismatic, saint family.Item Žene, Jugoslavija, antikomunistička narkoza i novi kolonija- lizam: mape, putevi, izlazi(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2013) Slapšak, SvetlanaIn the paper the author tries to map out criticallythe situation within gender studies and their academic production in the region: the uncomfortable dealing with „Yugoslavia”, the overall situation of humanities and social sciences, the political, social and cultural backlash of women’s position/rights and visibility in the whole post-socialist world, the consequences of the war, the Western feminists’, academics, media and intellectuals’ impact on the interpretation of the war, of which all can be connected with the provoking terms in the title. The author illustrates the situation with some of the examples of the Western academic and cultural dealing with the war and local feminism, and some problems of situating the „Yugoslav nostalgia”. The author proposes several theoretical and methodological approaches which could enable gender studies and humanities’ academics in the region to grasp the problems from the new perspective: work/research au pair, the concept of twin cultures, the method of ground-truthing.