Studia Germanica Posnaniensia, vol. 16 (1989)
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Item Artikelopposition im Deutschen und Artikellosigkeit im Polnischen aus der Sicht der Textstruktur(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Gaca, AlicjaIn the article the author considers opposition of articles ein: der in the German language and possibilities of its equivalence in the structure of text in the Polish language. Analysing lexical, morphological and syntactic (and prosodic) means of linguistic expression as exponents of intertextual system of indication ( = of anaphora relation) the author establishes for the German articles equivalent semantic oppositions on various levels of the Polish language system.Item Aus philosophischen Problemen der Phonologie(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Bańczerowski, JerzyPhonology as a linguistic subdiscipline cannot dispense with a philosophical foundation, which in fact should underlie any theoretical activity in this field. The philosophy of phonology includes epistemological, methodological and ontological considerations. The discussion of epistemological problems in this paper touches upon the criteria, sources and limits of cognition as well as on the relation between subject and object of cognition. The exploration of methods of formulation and substantiation of phonological theories is proposed as the main task of the methodology of phonology. In the chapter devoted to the ontology of phonology the entities of phonological domain and their properties are dealt with. Also attention is drawn to the dualities inhering within the phonological reality.Item Beobachtungen zum Kompositionstyp Substantiv + freundlich im Vergleich mit dem Polnischen(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Koniuszaniec, GabrielaThe subject of considerations in this article is a word formation consisting of a noun and an adjective "freundlich". Compounds of this type, characteristic mainly of the German language, occur most often in the press. The material base in this article are data stored in the Mannheim corpus and examples derived from West German press. The above mentioned compounds were analysed in respect of morphology, syntax and semantics. Contrastive study showed that these compounds do not have formally their analogical equivalent in Polish. That is why they are expressed in Polish either by means of negation, or less frequently as adjectives or adverbs.Item Die Auswirkungen der Kritik der reinen Vernunft von I. Kant auf die Sprachphilosophie(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Andrzejewski, BolesławThe aim of this article is to show the influence of I. Kant's methodology on the development of modern philosophy of language. The author discusses the selected standpoints inspired in this respect by the Kantian "Copernican revolution" and apriorism. The starting point of considerations are W. v. Humboldt's views for whom language is a spontaneous "emanation of spirit", the result of incessantly active internal powers of man. Humboldtism influenced a number of later conceptions. One of them is "generative grammar" of N. Chomsky's American school, although there are also present in this case influences of nativistic interpretations. In a more distinct manner the Kantian-Humboldtian apriorism has influenced the "symbolic" philosophy of E. Cassirer and the linguistic "relativism" of E. Sapir, B. L. Whorf and L. Weisgerber. Their views are presented in the next part of the work. The article ends with the discussion of H. Glinz's philosophical and linguistic views which are based in great measure also on the Kantian methodology.Item Die präskriptive Norm und die Entwicklungstendenzen in der Deklination des Substantivs im gegenwärtigen Deutsch(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Darski, Józef PawełThe author presents noun inflection in the present-day standard German and discusses the way in which the present prescriptive norm was established. This norm is not always in line with developmental tendencies of the noun declension. If one stuck strictly to the noun declension in German in singular it would be uniformed in the same way as noun declension in plural.Item Isomorphie bzw. Nichtisomorphie in der rezeptiven Verarbeitung zweitsprachlicher Äußerungen(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Figas, JanuszIn this paper the author discusses differences between a skilful and less skilful second language speech recognition. As an exponent in the evaluation of the quality of linguistic perception the author adopts the material from echoic reproduction, in this case these are the results of dictation. This material provides proof (evidence) of numerous morphological and syntactic deformations and in the meantime the number of the so called spelling mistakes is small. In order to diminish the scale of these problems the second language learner should achieve full isomorphy of perception just in these fragments in which the defect appeared spontaneously.Item Phraseologisierte Partizipialkonstruktionen im Deutschen und Polnischen(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Schatte, CzesławaThe author analyses participial constructions in German and Polish taking into consideration their semantic aspect as well as pragmatic one and discusses their specific status on the borderline between syntax and phraseology.Item Präfixverben in einer mehrstufigen Analyse - Versuch einer Modellierung unter konfrontativem Blick(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Schröder, JochenIn reference to requirements and needs of foreign language teaching the author, motivated by the requirements and needs of methodology of foreign language teaching, performs a confrontative analysis of prefixal verbs of the German language and their Polish equivalents and proves that word-formation studies must be extended with a syntactic aspect since inter-language differences are manifested in an actual usage (on the surface structure).Item Sprachhandlung Einladung/Vorschlag/Verabredung im Deutschen und Polnischen(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Prokop, IzabelaThe article contains a definition of the act of invitation against the background of classification of speech acts, and then the survey of linguistic structures used in this type of situation together with the pragmatic analysis of the latter. The replies (replicas) used together with "invitation" formulas were also included in the analysis. The result of the study is an observation of a high degree of convergence of these utterances in German and Polish.Item Tendenzen und Probleme der neueren Partikel-Forschung(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Helbig, GerhardIn confrontation with a variety of theoretical conceptions and methods of description of particles the author tries to l. clearly determine the specificity of particles and criteria of their distinction, 2. specify them, 3. answer to a theoretical question: general meaning (Gesamtbedeutung) - and differentiated function variants (e. g. doch1, doch2, doch3 etc.)Item The nicest English is in Indiana(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Preston, Dennis R.Nonlinguists' hand-drawn maps of their perceptions of US dialect areas reveal that prescription is an important part of their area identifications. Labels in these maps, however, indicate that two preferences may be at work - a preference for a "correct" English and another for a "pleasant" or "normal" variety. The fifty states, New York City, and Washington, D. C. were ranked for "pleasantness" of speech by young, white, well-educated, male and female residents of southern Indiana. The intensity of agreement (through standard deviations), a number of individual areas, the difference between men's and women's ratings, and the differences between the two modes of presentation of the research instrument are analyzed. The results are contrasted with an earlier ranking of the same areas by similar informants for the notion "correct" and generalized by being placed on a map representing the perception of US speech areas obtained from similar informants.Item Wortbildung der deutschen Nomina instrumenti und ihre Äquivalente im Polnischen(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Zdrojewski, WojciechThe article presents results of confrontation of nouns in the German language included in the semantic class defined by the term "nomina instrumenti" with their Polish equivalents. On the basis of analysis of word formation structure the author performed a unilateral type of confrontation and the point of departure was the German language. Its foundation was the vocabulary taken from E. Mater's index a tergo “Rückläufiges Wörterbuch der deutschen Gegenwartssprache” and Polish equivalents were taken from “The Great German-Polish Dictionary” and “Scientific-Technical Dictionary of German and Polish”. The confrontation of German "nomina instrumenti" and their Polish equivalents was carried out according to word formation types represented in German, i. e. derivation, compounds and compound-derivative formations. The unilateral character of confrontation does not allow for a comprehensive treatment of this problem which points to the necessity of bilateral analysis.Item Wortklassen(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Engel, UlrichThe aim of this article is to separate traditional morphological categories on the basis of uniform criteria in order to avoid problems of delimitation, classification and gaps. In the analysis of morphological categories (parts of speech, lexical units and other) two fundamental principles were adopted: l. Classification is based on word distribution in the widest sense of the word 2. Particular morphological categories are defined in a definite order, and each definition's character is that of a filter which distinguishes the relevant (appropriate) elements, whereas the other ones are transferred to the next filter. In this way fifteen morphological categories have been defined.Item Zum Bestand und Struktur der exozentrischen Konstruktionen im Norwegischen (bokmål)(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 1989) Awedykowa, SławaThe article is an attempt at component analysis of compound words in Norwegian. The author restricted her material to exocentric compounds.