Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 2009, nr 3
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Item BEZROBOCIE KEYNESOWSKIE(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Bludnik, IzabelaIn the face of a huge diversity of opinions among contemporary researchers when it comes to Keynesian thought, and recent permeation of strong neo-liberal concepts, such notions as “Keynesian unemployment” or “Keynesian policy” do not carry any specific, concrete meaning any longer. New Keynesian theories offer various definitions of unemployment and advise on economic policies, while many New Keynesian models postulate the supremacy of the voluntary rather than involuntary unemployment. What is more, those constructions which underlie involuntary unemployment question long-term efficiency of demand policy. Examples of modern Keynesian constructions referring to a broad neoclassical perspective concerning the unemployment phenomenon include search theoretic models on the labour market, implicit contracts, NAIRU and hysteresis, or the New Keynesian Phillips Curve.Item CONTRADICTIO IN ADIECTO, CZYLI NA ILE TO, CO JEST OCZYWISTE, WYMAGA ZASADNICZEJ WYKŁADNI PRAWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Kochanowski, JanuszUntil recently the “obvious groundlessness” of a motion or a complaint has been understood both in the case law and jurisprudence as decidable prima facie, using the basic legal knowledge. However, the Supreme Court in the resolution of 20 December 2007, registered in the book of legal principles, included a fundamental interpretation of the meaning of “obvious groundlessness” in the context of a motion aimed to allow penal responsibility of a judge who applied retroactive rules deciding penal cases based on the martial law decree. As a result, the concept of “obvious groundlessness” has lost its previous meaning involving penal responsibility of judges and it might now be understood as including more complex issues which require fundamental interpretation of the statute. This construction constitutes a logical fallacy of contradictio in adiecto. The resolution shifts the burden of deciding the merits of granting the leave for penal responsibility of a judge to the pre-trial assessment. Furthermore, it has important consequences in the field of constitutional review, as the meaning of the law is determined in the process of its application.Item DOCHODY WŁASNE JEDNOSTEK SAMORZĄDU TERYTORIALNEGO W POLSCE(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Kotlińska, JaninaThe classification and definition of the local government revenue differs when it comes to law and law literature. One of the categories found within both is a self-generated revenue. Its numerous definitions, however, often contradict one another, and consequently there are different opinions regarding the depth of financial independence at particular levels of local government. The purpose of the study was to explain the meaning of self-generated revenue of a local government as well as indicate its sources, structures and the controversies involved. Furthermore, the study aimed to explain how this particular type of revenue fits into the income structure of the local government and how independent the local government in Poland is. The answer to this question may to be achieved by detailed analyses of the attributes of the local government’s self-generated income and empirical data reflecting the local government’s income structure between 1999 and 2007.Item ISTOTA I CHARAKTER PRAWNY TAK ZWANEJ MILCZĄCEJ INTERPRETACJI PODATKOWEJ(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Wiatrowski, RomanThe term “advance tax rulings” encountered in Anglo-Saxon legal texts on tax law denotes a form of an official construction of the law applied by tax offices. Its recent global development is rooted in the growing complexity of tax regulations. In individual states, however, tax, or revenue offices, still relay on different (their own) constructions of tax law and related to it fiscal administrative regulations. Polish tax law provides for tax offices issuing binding constructions, or interpretations, of tax law regulations in individual cases. Failure to issue a relevant interpretation of law within three months is regarded as a legal fiction of the rightfulness of the position of the questioning party. The construction, or interpretation, of the law binding in the Polish legal regulations regarding the so called “silent interpretation” is a subject of numerous academic and judicial disputes. In the paper the author attempts to explain the essence and legal nature of “silent interpretation” and to order some of the problems that have arise when fair and reliable information on the legal construction of certain tax regulations is sought. It is still necessary, however, to make some appropriate changes (amendments) in the existing tax law.Item JEDNOSTKI SAMORZĄDU TERYTORIALNEGO JAKO EMITENCI PAPIERÓW WARTOŚCIOWYCH(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Ziarko-Siwek, UrszulaFor over ten years now territorial self-government units in Poland have been gradually becoming an active borrower in the capital market. This paper is focused on the issues of ways of raising capital by public entities such as through the issue of debentures or other forms of securities. Four of the main types of those instruments have been analysed in depth, and the issuing procedures of either of them as well their market share in the financial leverage of self-governing units have been presented.Item KAPITAŁ SPOŁECZNY W UJĘCIU WITOLDA TRĄMPCZYŃSKIEGO(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Suwalski, AndrzejTheories of social capital are discussed. The first part of the paper is devoted to Witold Trąmpczyński’s conception. The second part presents concepts formulated by other thinkers, Witold Trąmpczyńskfs contemporaries. In the concluding part dilemmas arising from different interpretations of social capital are analysed.Item POCZUCIE WŁASNOŚCI MIESZKANIA LOKATORÓW TOWARZYSTW BUDOWNICTWA SPOŁECZNEGO(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Kowalewski, MaciejThe aim of the paper is to examine how the form of ownership of rented flats determines the appraisal of the property. One of the particular issues is the question about the relation between the ownership rights (or their absence) and the tenant’s sense of title to property being social housing rented flats. The author presents results of his research based on survey conducted in 2004 in Szczecin and secondary data. As the analysis shows, the sense of property manifests itself in two ways, as: (1) a flat having a symbolic and (2) useable value.Item POWSZECHNA TAKSACJA NIERUCHOMOŚCI - ISTOTA I ZNACZENIE(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Krawczyk, MałgorzataThe paper focuses on the issue of universal taxation of property. The analysis of Polish solutions is preceded by a short introduction in which individual tax assessment models have been listed. Concepts such as the value of property and the transaction price are presented and their mutual relations described. Different types of the cadastre value that may be used for the purpose of calculation of the taxation base have been identified. The next part of the paper focuses on the cadastre value that will be recognised as the taxation base in Poland. The positive and negative aspects of the mass property valuation that will be binding in Poland in the near future have been analysed. Issues such as representative property, adjustment coefficients, tables, and taxation maps have been discussed, and monitoring of the property market has been recommended. The last part of the paper identifies the modes in which the universal property taxation in Poland may take place. A division between a nationwide and municipal universal property taxation and individual valuation and presentation of the cadastre taxation methods has been made. The paper ends with a conclusion that work on an integrated cadastre system must be finalised soon. It also identifies those areas which still require special attention, and universal property taxation provisions that need to be formulated.Item PRAWNOKARNA OCHRONA CZCI A POSTULATY UCHYLENIA BĄDŹ REWIZJI ART. 212 KODEKSU KARNEGO(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Jóźwiak, PiotrAn attempt is made to answer a question whether legal protection of honour included in article 212 of the Penal Code constitutes a threat to the constitutional freedom of speech. Raising this issue is also justified in the light of the demands to repeal or revise the legal protection of honour and personal dignity provided in criminal law. The recognition by the Constitutional Tribunal of clauses 1 and 2 of article 212 as being in line with the Constitution has not ended the disputes concerning this issue. And yet, a removal of article 212 from the Penal Code as well as its amendment would have to be based on an assumption that honour and good name are values of lower rank than the freedom of speech. Such an approach is unacceptable in the absence of classification criteria of these values. Consequently, any attempt to narrow down criminal responsibility for the tort of defamation seems to be wrong. Finally, the difference between the function of civil law (compensation) and criminal law (repression) does not allow substitution of criminal punishment with measures or remedies available in civil law.Item PRAWO ODMOWY PRZEKAZANIA INFORMACJI SŁUŻĄCEJ WYKRYCIU NARUSZENIA REGUŁ KONKURENCJI W ORZECZNICTWIE EUROPEJSKIEGO TRYBUNAŁU SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Turno, BartoszThe privilege in question has been developed by the Community Courts and it is also known as the “Orkem principle”. It aims to support the undertakings’ right of defence and it amounts to the right of an undertaking not to be compelled by the European Commission to admit involvement in an infringement of the Community competition rules. However, it does not mean that an undertaking has an absolute right to remain silent. The privilege is restricted as undertakings are obliged to answer purely factual questions and to comply with requests for the production documents already in existence. The scope of this privilege is criticised by some scholars. The arguments supporting the criticisms relate to the fact that the present approach does not take into account subsequent developments in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. The critics argue that absolute privilege against self-incrimination emanating from the ECtHR’s case law (which is also applicable to undertakings) should be applied to Commission’s competition proceedings as well because these proceedings have been characterised as having a criminal law character leading directly to the imposition of a quasi-criminal sanction(s). Although the Community Courts do attach great value to the case law of the ECtHR and respect the fundamental rights as guaranteed by the Convention on Human Rights, they have so far denied such an extension. Community Courts have taken the view that even taking into account the ECtHR’s jurisprudence, the scope of the privilege should not be widened as competition proceedings which, being administrative in nature, are addressed to economic undertakings and not to natural persons. The existence of the privilege in question in the Polish antimonopoly law should be carefully considered because the provisions of the Convention setting out the rights to a fair trial are directly effective with respect to Poland, and the investigatory tools of the Polish Competition Authority are almost the same as those of the Commission. Therefore, there are reasonable grounds to claim that at least restricted privilege against self-incrimination should be applicable in the antimonopoly proceedings carried out by the Polish Competition Authority.Item PROWADZENIE POLITYKI ZAGRANICZNEJ W RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Mażewski, LechThe Constitution of 2 April 1997 explicitly grants the right to conduct Polish foreign policy to the Council of Ministers, although the role of President as well as the Seym and Senate in this sphere of state activity is also recognised. And indeed, in the present legal state, it is the government which is the main animator of Poland’s activity on the international scene, notwithstanding the fact that certain residual albeit important entitlements are vested in the Seym. They include deciding about the state of war and negotiations of peace, or participation, along with the Senate, in ratification processes of some (most important) international agreements. As far as the function of president is concerned, the legislator’s intention was to minimise that role, reducing it to the representative of the state in external relations, and taking co-lead in the foreign policy of the state. This solution, however, has failed to have been successfully implemented and nowadays it seems that the main domain of President as the chief of state is ratification of international agreements.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Szarzec, KatarzynaGavin Kennedy, Adam Smith. A Moral Philosopher and His Political Economy, Great Thinkers in Economics Series, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, ss. 336.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009)Ulrike Muehlberger, Dependent Self-Employment, Paigrave Macmillan 2007, ss. 256.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Weiss, MariuszRoman Andrzej Tokarczyk, Biojurysprudencja. Podstawy prawa dla XXI wieku, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2008, ss. 109.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Abramowicz, BartoszStanley Milgram, Posłuszeństwo wobec autorytetu, tłum. M. Hołda, WAM, Kraków 2008, ss. 247.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Skawińska, Eulalia; Sobiech, Katarzyna G.Liberalizm we współczesnej gospodarce, red. Wacław Jarmołowicz, Marek Ratajczak, Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej w Poznaniu, Poznań 2008, ss. 360.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Dajczak, WojciechPrawo wobec wyzwań współczesności, red. Bartosz Guzik, Natalia Buchowska, Paweł Wiliński, tom V, Poznań 2008, ss. 486.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Gołębiowski, Janusz W.Katarzyna Anna Nawrot, Determinanty rozwoju gospodarczego państw ASEAN, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa 2008, ss. 250.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Jarmołowicz, Wacław; Piątek, DawidKatarzyna Metelska-Szaniawska, Konstytucyjne czynniki reform gospodarczych w krajach postsocjalistycznych. Studium empiryczne, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 2008, ss. 354.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Kowalski, TadeuszMaria Lissowska, Instytucje gospodarki rynkowej w Polsce - Institutions for Market Economy. The Case of Poland, Wydawnictwo C. H. Beck, Warszawa 2008, ss. 271.