Artykuły naukowe (WNS)

Permanent URI for this collection

https://repozytorium.amu.edu.pl/handle/10593/182

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 595

A conceptual model of the influence of résumé components on personnel decisions: a policy-capturing study on résumé screening
(2020) Grobelny, Jaroslaw; Frontczak, Patrycja; Pawlak, Katarzyna; Skorodzillo, Urszula; Szymanowska, Milena; Wilczyńska, Sandra
Based on a literature review of not only industrial and organizational psychology but also decision theory, we have developed a conceptual model of résumé screening. It postulates that personnel decisions concerning assignment to particular categories result from a gradual process with an underlying initial assumption, and the decision-making process varies depending on specific conditions. Under different conditions, decision makers utilize different résumé components (relevant, irrelevant and formal), whose impacts might interact with each other. We designed and conducted two policy-capturing experimental studies and employed a machine learning approach and a decision tree classification method to verify our conceptual model. The results indicate that it might be considered valid and might explain actual decisions regarding résumés. The data we have collected suggests that in a situation of certainty recruitment specialists make their decisions solely on the basis of information obtained from relevant résumé components and apply straightforward, i.e., non-compensatory, rules. However, when making decisions in a situation of uncertainty, recruitment specialists make an attribution and are influenced by the combined interactive effect of relevant, non-relevant and formal components of résumés. These decisions, in turn, are compensatory in nature. For example, positive personnel decisions regarding the appraisal of a résumé may be made if deficiencies in a relevant area are compensated for by an exceptional level of non-relevant or formal components.
A Generational Divide in the Polish Academic Profession. A Mixed Quantitative and Qualitative Approach
(2017-09-10) Kwiek, Marek
In a recently changing Polish academic environment – following the large-scale higher education reforms of 2009–2012 – different academic generations have to cope with different challenges. Polish academics have been strongly divided generationally, not only in terms of what they think and how they work but also in terms of what is academically expected from them following the reforms. This article explores intra-national cross-generational differences based on a combination of quantitative (surveys, N = 3704) and qualitative (interviews, N = 60) primary empirical evidence used according to the mixed-methods approach methodology and its ‘sequential’ research design. This article explores the major dimensions of the intergenerational divide between younger and older academic generations (and how they are related to both post-1989 developments and recent reforms). It shows the power of research at a micro-level of individuals, complementing the traditional research at aggregated institutional and national levels. Implications for Central European systems are shown.
A review of the provision of social and emotional learning in Australia, the United States, Poland, and Portugal
(Cambridge University Press, 2017) Bowles, Terence; Jimerson, Shane; Haddock, Aaron; Nolan, Julene; Jabłoński, Sławomir; Czub, Magdalena; Coelho, Vitor
The aim of this research is to gather preliminary information from a range of countries to develop an international perspective on Social and Emotional Learning (SEL). Currently, there is no cohesive international statement on the minimum requirements to provide SEL in schools. By bringing together a range of international perspectives it is intended that clarity will be provided from which new approaches and initiatives can be developed and researched. International researchers familiar with SEL programs in their country were asked to answer five questions about the context and processes used to teach SEL in specific countries to begin an understanding and synthesis of best practice. These questions relate to: (1) sociocultural contexts of school systems, (2) the range of SEL programs presented in each country and what is common about these programs, (3) the effectiveness of prominent SEL programs, (4) the facilitators and barriers that exist to effectively present SEL programs within the country, and (5) recommendations for the future of SEL programs. A synthesis is followed by a discussion of the future of SEL and how the SEL Interest Group may make a contribution to the current state of the literature, curriculum, pedagogy, and research that informs SEL in schools.
Academe in transition: Transformations in the Polish academic profession
(2003) Kwiek, Marek
The period since 1989 has been an extremely dynamic one in Polish higher education. New opportunities have opened up for the academic community, along with new challenges. Suddenly, the academic profession has arrived at a stage that combines far-reaching autonomy with rather uncertain individual career prospects. In recent years, a number of new laws have been proposed that were intended to change the whole structure of recruitment, promotions, remuneration, working conditions, and appointments of academic faculty. All this has occurred admidst the strains and tensions resulting from changes in the broader society. The sudden passage from the more or less elite higher education system to mass higher education with a strong and dynamic private sector has transformed the situation of the academic community beyond all recognition. The transition has resulted in a new set of values and changes in position, tasks, and roles for academe in society. Today, the future of the Polish academic profession remains undetermined. The positive changes were accompanied by the chronic underfunding of public higher education. Polish academics have learned to accommodate themselves to the permanent state of uncertainty in which they are forced to operate. The present paper analyzes the current situation from the perspective of global changes affecting the academic profession.
Academic Entrepreneurialism and Changing Governance in Universities. Evidence from Empirical Studies
(2015) Kwiek, Marek
Entrepreneurial universities are increasingly important points of reference for international and European-level policy discussions on reforming higher education systems, and especially on a shift in its financing towards more self-reliance and its secure sustainable development in competitive environments. The chapter analyzes academic entrepreneurialism as emerging from recent European comparative (theoretical and empirical) studies. It outlines the theoretical (and ideological) “modernization agenda” of European universities promoted by the European Commission. Case studies of selected European institutions show that the modernization processes in question (and their emphasis on academic entrepreneurialism widely understood) have already been in progress in numerous institutions in different systems across Europe. Case studies analyzed in the chapter also stress the pivotal role of changing governance at most entrepreneurially-oriented European universities.
Academic Entrepreneurialism vs. Changing Governance and Institutional Management Structures in European Universities (Chapter 5)
(2013) Kwiek, Marek
In this chapter we will discuss a historically relatively new phenomenon in European higher education systems: academic entrepreneurialism – especially with regard to governance and management. Entrepreneurial universities seem to be increasingly important points of reference for international and European-level policy discussions about the future of higher education. Entrepreneurial institutions, functionally similar although variously termed, currently seem to be an almost natural reference points in both national discussions on reforming higher education systems, and especially a shift in its financing towards more financial self-reliance, as well as in EU-level discussions on how to secure the sustainable development of public universities in increasingly hostile financial environment and increasingly powerful intersectoral competition for public subsidies of higher education with other state-funded public services. An important point of reference of this chapter is the future role of universities from the perspective presented and promoted for more or less a decade (throughout the 2000s and beyond) by the European Commission, especially in the context of the transformation of university management and university governance. The second part of the chapter presents changes as suggested by the European Commission (in the framework of broad discussions on the Bologna Process and the Lisbon Strategy). Next we analyze academic entrepreneurialism, as emerging from recent European comparative (theoretical and empirical) studies in this area, especially a three-year international research project EUEREK (“European Universities for Entrepreneurship: Their Role in the Europe of Knowledge”). In the third part, academic entrepreneurialism is linked to risk management at European universities and legal and institutional conditions that favor its formation are studied. Increased risk is associated with an increase in uncertainty currently experienced by the vast majority of European education systems. In the fourth part, we study a clash of traditional academic values with managerial values in the functioning of academic institutions, and we address the issue of academic entrepreneurialism in the context of traditional academic collegiality, various ways of minimization of tensions in the management of educational institutions. And in its sixth part, we pass on to the discussion of complex relationships between academic entrepreneurialism and centralization and decentralization of the university power. In the seventh part, we discuss the location of academic entrepreneurialism in different parts of educational institutions. Conclusions come back to a wider vision of higher education as it appears in the documents of the European Commission and shows their convergences and divergences with academic entrepreneurialism as studied through empirical material throughout the chapter.
Academic Generations and Academic Work: Patterns of Attitudes, Behaviors and Research Productivity of Polish Academics after 1989
(2015) Kwiek, Marek
This paper focuses on a generational change taking place in the Polish academic profession: a change in behaviors and attitudes between two groups of academics. One was socialized to academia under the communist regime (1945-1989) and the other entered the profession in the post-1989 transition period. Academics of all age groups are beginning to learn how tough the competition for research funding is, but young academics (“academics under 40”), being the target of recent policy initiatives, need to learn faster. Current reforms present a clear preferred image for a new generation of Polish academics: highly motivated, embedded in international research networks, publishing mostly internationally, and heavily involved in the competition for academic recognition and research funding. In the long run, without such a radical approach, any international competition between young Polish academics (with a low research orientation and high teaching hours) and their young Western European colleagues (with a high research orientation and low teaching hours) seems inconceivable, as our data on the average academic productivity clearly demonstrate. The quantitative background of this paper comes from 3,704 returned questionnaires and the qualitative background from 60 semi-structured in-depth interviews. The paper takes a European comparative approach and contrasts Poland with 10 Western European countries (using 17,211 returned questionnaires).
Academic top earners. Research productivity, prestige generation, and salary patterns in European universities
(2018-03-11) Kwiek, Marek
This article examines highly paid academics—or top earners—employed across universities in ten European countries based on large-scale international survey data regarding the academic profession. It examines the relationships between salaries and academic behaviors and productivity, as well as the predictors of becoming an academic top earner. While, in the Anglo-Saxon countries, the university research mission typically pays off at an individual level, in Continental Europe, it pays off only in combination with administrative and related duties. Seeking future financial rewards solely through research does not seem to be a viable strategy in Europe, but seeking satisfaction in research through solving research puzzles is also becoming difficult, with the growing emphasis on the ‘relevance’ and ‘applicability’ of fundable research. Thus, both the traditional ‘investment motivation’ and ‘consumption motivation’ to perform research decrease, creating severe policy implications. The primary data come from 8,466 usable cases.
Academic Work, Working Conditions and Job Satisfaction
(2013) Kwiek, Marek; Antonowicz, Dominik
In this analysis of changing academic work, working conditions and job satisfaction in Europe, we present the academics’ assessment of facilities, resources and personnel.Subsequently, an overview will be provided about the academic workload and allocation of time between the four major types of academic activities: teaching, research, service and administration. A further section will discuss job satisfaction and academics’ income. This chapter provides a general picture of the variety of views and activities in 12 European countries, where differences between junior and senior academic staff and between academics at universities and at other higher education institutions are presented, whenever relevant. As will be shown below, the facilities and resources are predominantly assessed positively by European academics, with the least positive scores for research funding. Hence, the ratings of those at universities are more positive than of those at other higher education institutions. We also note substantial differences in the assessments of junior and senior academics.
Accessibilité et équité, lois du marché et entrepreneuriat : développements dans l’enseignement supérieur en Europe centrale et de l’Est
(OECD, 2008) Kwiek, Marek
Accessibilité et équité, lois du marché et entrepreneuriat : développements dans l’enseignement supérieur en Europe centrale et de l’Est
After Philosophy: The Novelist as Cultural Hero of Modernity? On Richard Rorty's New Pragmatism
(New York: Berghahn Books, 1998) Kwiek, Marek
Richard Rorty’s approach to literature is consistently – to use his own opposition – ‘solidarity-related’; what he calls the ‘other side’, literary self-creation, remains programmatically and intentionally undiscussed. One gets the impression that literature, and the novel in particular, is being burdened with an (‘unbearable’) heaviness of responsibility. Does the novel in Rorty’s reflections appear as a source of multifarious metaphors, of whole worlds born out of a writer’s imagination? Is there in it another dimension, where mundane obligations no longer bind the human being and where one can give rein to usually hidden desires and passions? The answer is in the negative.
Agent or Experiencer? A Search for the Subject Role in the Mental Verb Myśleć 'Think' in Polish
(Peter Lang, 2012) Kokorniak, Iwona; Konat, Barbara; Kosecki, Krzysztof; Badio, Janusz
In the paper, we focus on the verb myśleć ‘think’ in Polish and attempt to find out whether there is any correspondence between the semantic features of the subject and verb grammatical constructions. First, senses of the verb will be identified, and then their subjects will be assigned the four agentive features. Next, on the basis of corpus data the actual patterns of sense use will be searched for by means of an exploratory tool, i.e. Multiple Correspondence Analysis. The tool should help us to see the correlation between the senses and the features. Positive results of our study would confirm the general cognitive assumption that syntactic structures are meaningful, rather than arbitrary and unpredictable.
Agents, Spectators, and Social Hope Richard Rorty and American Intellectuals
(2003) Kwiek, Marek
Rorty wrote his "Achieving Our Country" as a philosopher, intellectual,academic and citizen, and each of these perspectives lead to a different emphasis in reading his book, and to a different story (and ‘storytelling’ is one of the themes of the book). The emergent pictures vary: the philosopher tells a story of the growing isolation and cultural sterility of analytic philosophy in the United States of America after the Second World War; the intellectual tells a story of the political bareness and practical uselessness of (the majority of) American leftist intellectuals in the context of the emerging new global order at the turn of the 21st century; the academic tells the story about humanities’ departments at American universities, especially departments of literature and cultural studies, and their students, and contrasts their possible future fate with the past fate of departments of analytical philosophy and their students; and, finally, the citizen tells a story about the nationhood, politics, patriotism, reformism (as well as the inherent dangers and opportunities of globalization). Rorty plays the four descriptions off against one another perfectly and Achieving Our Country represents him at his very best: Rorty is passionate, inspiring, uncompromising, biting and very relevant to current public debates. Owing to the intelligent combination of the above perspectives, the clarity and elegance of his prose, and (although not revealed directly) the wide philosophical background provided by his new pragmatism, the book differs from a dozen others written in the 1990s about the American academy and American intellectuals. It also sheds new and interesting light on Rorty’s pragmatism, providing an excellent example of the application of his philosophical views. One has to note that, generally, it is almost impossible to think of any piece written by Rorty outside of the context of his philosophy, and "Achieving Our Country" is no exception to this rule.
Agnostycyzm uczonych – wybrane postacie
(2020) Drozdowicz, Zbigniew
In these remarks I do undertake one more time the attempt to answer the fol- lowing question: what do agnostics really want? This issue is so complicated that even the agnostics themselves had great trouble in delivering the answer. This is also related to these agnostics, such as the recalled here Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, and Stephen W. Hawking, who belong to the greatest format of scholars. The agnostics are being distanced from, both the atheists and theists. However they do judge differently their views it is important that as well the first as the latter ones may appreciate what stands behind agnosticism and this might be very variable.
Alchemia pomiędzy pseudonauką a nauką. Studium historyczno-metodologiczne
(2012) Kazibut, Radosław
Tradycyjnie alchemia jest uznawana jako przykład pseudonauki. W artykule polemizuję z tym poglądem – wskazując, iż praktykę alchemiczną w wielu aspektach można interpretować jako praktykę protonaukową. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawię analizy Williama R. Newmana i Lawrence Principe o etymologicznym i historiograficznym źródle oddzielenia alchemii od chemii. W drugiej części artykułu przedyskutuję niektóre aspekty praktyki alchemicznej w świetle zagadnienia problemu intersubiektywnej powtarzalności i komunikowalności wyników eksperymentów, systematyczności rozważań teoretycznych i przedmiotu badań alchemików.Traditionally, alchemy is regarded as an example of pseudoscience. In this paper I dispute this view and demonstrate that the practice of alchemy, in many aspects, can be interpreted as an experiment in protoscience. In the first part of the article, I introduce William R. Newman’s and Lawrence Principe’s analyses about the etymological origin of alchemy, its historiography and the origin of the separation between alchemy and chemistry. In the second part of the article I discuss different aspects on the practice of alchemy in light of the issues encountered with the inter-subjective repeatability of the experiments and the methods used to publicize the findings. In addition to the examination of the subjects researched, I also review the systematic elements found in the theoretical considerations presented by the alchemists.
Alegoryzująca teologia Ferekydesa: między obrazem a pojęciem
(2017) Domaradzki, Mikołaj
The present paper shows that Pherecydes’ theology is an important transitional stage in the complex process of gradual transformation of various mythological images into more sophisticated philosophical concepts. Three of Pherecydes’ highly enigmatic images are given special focus here: (1) the marriage of Zas with Chthonie and the embroidering of the robe, (2) the winged tree with the embroidered robe upon it and – nally – (3) the battle between Kronos and Ophioneus. This article argues that Pherecydes’ theology makes use of such common images as wedding, weaving, having wings and ghting to allegorically express more philosophical notions: the creation and arrangement of the world, the ability to self-support in space and the divinity of the rst principles. The allegorical nature of Pherecydes’ theology arises from the fact that his images retain their literal and concrete meanings while at the same time evoking more metaphorical and abstract senses. Thus, Pherecydes’ mythological images precede and pre gure philosophical concepts, although their gurativeness cannot be equated with our contemporary understanding of the term.
Analityczna filozofia dziejów w poznańskiej szkole metodologicznej. Próba falsyfikacji Popperowskiej krytyki historii teoretycznej
(Oficyna Wydawnicza Epigram, 2015) Brzechczyn, Krzysztof
The purpose of this paper is the reconstruction of the theory of historical process elaborated at the Poznań School of Methodology. The heuristic tool will be Popper’s model of knowledge, according to which, the development of scientific theory went through the phase of the posing of the scientific problem, proposing a tentative theory, a critical discussion and its modification. Proposed by Leszek Nowak the adaptive interpretation of historical materialism was transformed – under the influence of the elaboration of the idealizational theory of science and the categorical interpretation of dialectics – into the generalized version of historical materialism. This version includes theory of the class and primitive societies. Difficulties in the building of the theory of real socialism led to the transformation of adaptive historical materialism into the non-Marxian historical materialism where some tenets of Marxism were refuted (e.g. the domination of economy over politics). In the course of the building of the adaptive interpretation of historical materialism and the non-Marxian historical materialism some primary notions were defined and modified satisfying the criteria of falsification. Although Popper severely criticized the possibility of theoretical history, the theory of history as developed at the Poznań School of Methodology satisfies his criteria of falsification. This throws doubt upon the validity of Popperian critique of theoretical history.
Analiza opóźnień wydawniczych polskich czasopism naukowych
(Scholarly Communication Research Group, 2017-01-22) Drabek, Aneta; Rozkosz, Ewa A.; Kulczycki, Emanuel
Raport zawiera dane bibliometryczne na temat 2356 polskich czasopism naukowych ze wszystkich grup nauk umieszczonych na Wykazie czasopism punktowanych z 2016 r. Analizowaliśmy opóźnienia wydawnicze w oparciu o dane zamieszczone na stronach internetowych czasopism. Przyjęliśmy, że czasopisma naukowe w drugiej dekadzie XXI-wieku muszą prowadzić aktualną stronę internetową, na której zamieszczają przynajmniej informacje o kolejnych numerach. Punktem wyjścia do analiz były dane o czasopismach i stronach internetowych zawarte w Polskiej Bibliografii Naukowej (https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/). Aby zebrać jak najdokładniejsze informacje, uzupełniliśmy zbiór odnośników do czasopism o te zawarte w „Ariancie” (http://arianta.pl), tj. w najpełniejszej bazie polskich czasopism naukowych. Sprawdzaliśmy opóźnienia wydawnicze z 2015 r. i 2016 r. Za opóźnienie uznaliśmy niezamieszczenie informacji (np. spisu treści czy też linków do pełnych tekstów) o co najmniej jednym wymaganym numerze. Raportowaliśmy, ile w danym roku ukazało się numerów, a ile powinno się ukazać. Za brak opóźnień uznaliśmy opublikowanie informacji o liczbie numerów równej lub większej od liczby wynikającej z zadeklarowanej przez czasopismo częstotliwości. Dla przykładu: kwartalnik w 2016 r. powinien był opublikować informacje (np. spis treści, link do księgarni itd.) o czterech numerach lub więcej.
Antropologia niepełnosprawności: narodziny, schyłek i odrodzenie paradygmatu
(UMK, 2017-09) Nowak, Ewa
Firstly, the paper reconstructs the core stages of anthropological reflection on disabled human condition. Each stage shows some strengths but, at the same time, limitations, for – according to the thesis advocated by the author – the humankind has still not achieved an appropriate quality of coexistence of disabled and enabled individuals. Secondly, the paper examines modern philosophical anthropologies which could empower such a coexistence. Herder and Gehlen's approaches seem to offer a more a adequate contribution than Kant's (and scholastic) anthropology. A revival of the paradigm is only thinkable due to an overall transvaluation of disability-related axiologies and the postconventionalisation of disability-related norms and institutions as well.
Are book publications disappearing from scholarly communication in the social sciences and humanities?
(2018) Engels, Tim C.E.; Istenič Starčič, Andreja; Kulczycki, Emanuel; Pölönen, Janne; Sivertsen, Gunnar
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution in terms of shares of scholarly book publications in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in five European countries, i.e. Flanders (Belgium), Finland, Norway, Poland and Slovenia. In addition to aggregate results for the whole of the social sciences and the humanities, the authors focus on two well-established fields, namely, economics & business and history. Design/methodology/approach – Comprehensive coverage databases of SSH scholarly output have been set up in Flanders (VABB-SHW), Finland (VIRTA), Norway (NSI), Poland (PBN) and Slovenia (COBISS). These systems allow to trace the shares of monographs and book chapters among the total volume of scholarly publications in each of these countries. Findings – As expected, the shares of scholarly monographs and book chapters in the humanities and in the social sciences differ considerably between fields of science and between the five countries studied. In economics & business and in history, the results show similar field-based variations as well as country variations. Most year-to-year and overall variation is rather limited. The data presented illustrate that book publishing is not disappearing from an SSH. Research limitations/implications – The results presented in this paper illustrate that the polish scholarly evaluation system has influenced scholarly publication patterns considerably, while in the other countries the variations are manifested only slightly. The authors conclude that generalizations like “performance-based research funding systems (PRFS) are bad for book publishing” are flawed. Research evaluation systems need to take book publishing fully into account because of the crucial epistemic and social roles it serves in an SSH.Originality/value – The authors present data on monographs and book chapters from five comprehensive coverage databases in Europe and analyze the data in view of the debates regarding the perceived detrimental effects of research evaluation systems on scholarly book publishing. The authors show that there is little reason to suspect a dramatic decline of scholarly book publishing in an SSH.

Browse

Browsing Artykuły naukowe (WNS) by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options