Teoria wartości Karola Marksa a problemy kształtowania cen w gospodarce socjalistycznej
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Date
1984
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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The Marxian theory of value and problems of price making in socialist economy
Abstract
Speaking on an ambivalent character of labor and consequently on the whole
economic process, K. Marx emphasises that it is both the process of increasing
values and generating utility value. He does not also treat a relation of theory of
value to a price making process directly and onesidedly. Prices have to reflect
verified effects of social labor expenditures and not only an ordinary acceptance
of it under conditions of material-utility criteria of managing economy and in
the competitive buyer-consummer market. A rational true price has to reflect real
economic proportions resulting from a long term and perspective plan as well as
currently formed economic conditions effected by the given productive machinery
and market situation. The law of value cannot act as a law of prices in its classic
formulation, under these conditions even in the increasing role of commodity-
-monetary categories. Yet it can act as a law of labor expenditures determining
possibilities of fulfilling needs of production and consumption within the framework
of basic productive and exchange proportions included in a long term plan and
in autonomous decisions of enterprises. Consequently, adopting a cost concept of
prices in economic literature is not satisfactory from the point of view of realizing
a natural target of production and socio-economic rationality. It seems that the
concept of prices of market equilibrium is rather closer to rational principles of
price making, handling price as an objective category reflecting real proportions
and conditions of economy, under one condition though: it can not be treated as
a result of unrestrained formation of economic processes.
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Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 46, 1984, z. 2, s. 179-184