Temperatura i wilgotność powietrza w Ogrodzie Botanicznym UAM na tle wyników pomiarów stacji meteorologicznej Poznań Ławica
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Date
2005
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Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk
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Abstract
The article presents temperature and humidity
differentiation in the Adam Mickiewicz
University (AMU) Botanical Garden in Poznań
in comparison to a professional meteorological
station, which is 3.5 k m away in the straight
line. The conclusions make us change the methodology
of taking measurements in park-andforest
areas, which are botanical gardens, in
comparison to standard climatic stations. The
changes of atmosphere parameters caused by
plants rely on:
1. The active surface, i.e. the surface on
which light radiation is converted into thermal
energy is the upper layer of tree and bush
heads. This means shading under the heads and
reducing the flow of solar energy to the ground
surface. As a result, maximum temperatures are
lowered at daytime (the largest amounts of heat
are trapped in their heads), whereas at night,
recorded minimum temperatures are higher in
comparison to open areas: the foliage partially
reflects long-wave radiation of the Earth. This
effect mitigates daily temperature amplitudes in
solid plant complexes.
2. Increased water supply from évapotranspiration
processes, i.e. evaporation from the surface
of the soil, watercourses, ponds, and its
transpiration by plants result in higher air humidity.
A larger amount of water vapor means
a lower shortage of atmosphere humidity. This
slows down unproductive plant evaporation in
favor of productive transpiration. 3. Filling the space with trees, bushes, climbing
plants, cover plants, etc. is a considerable
obstacle for the wind, thus decreasing its strength.
A s a result, instead of a free air flow taking
moisture particles, natural obstacles decrease
wind velocity within the plant complex and
force its turbulence. This results in a longer stay
of the humid air mass in the area of the garden,
and therefore, lower sucking force of the atmosphere
depending on wind velocity, in respect
to humidity.
4. While raining, the moistened surface is
unproportionally larger (up to over 10 times)
than the area; this is the leaf surface of subsequent
plant floors. After raining, evaporation
from such a large surface results in higher air
humidity, in comparison to the area without
trees. Simultaneously, due to decreasing wind
power, water vapor saturation of air after rains
is maintained longer in comparison to observations
in other areas, including the climatic
station of the Meteorological Institute (IMGW)
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Citation
Badania Fizjograficzne, Seria A, Tom 56, 2005, s. 83-92
ISBN
83-7063-456-7