Miejsce państwowego monopolu handlu zagranicznego w założeniach socjalistycznego sposobu produkcji
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Date
1969
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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The Place of the State Monopoly of Foreign Trade within the Framework of Socialist Production
Abstract
The aim of the article is an analysis of the state monopoly of foreign trade
in a socialist economy. In first part of the article there is discussed an approach,
lasting till now, to an essence and conception of socialist foreign trade monopoly.
Until recently in economic literature prevailed the opinion that seems to be based
on the assumption that a centralized foreign trade system is the only one possible
solution, when the foreign trade is taken over by the state. The monopoly of
foreign trade and its monopolistic organization form were then identified as
being one and the same. Nevertheless such a position may lead to various
misapprehensions. For these reasons rejecting identification of foreign trade monopoly
with the far centralization of decisions in external trade the author makes
a distinction between a monopolistic organizational structure of foreign trade and
the category of the monopoly in foreign trade.
On the basis of this distinction an attempt is made to define term of the
state monopoly of foreign trade as a situation in which a right to realization
foreign trade turnovers has not only the central economic authority, but all socialising
sphere of national economy. Under such conditions break a principle of
foreign trade monopoly can be follow when leading external trade activités by
private enterprises and persons will be admited. In this way understood the concept
of the monopoly of foreign trade creates generally conditions of foreign trade
monopoly for rational activités on external trade field. In the result within the
framework of the state monopoly of foreign trade can be apply a different types
of mechanizmus, a different methods of organizations of foreign trade turnovers,
then to realize the different forms of this model.
In the second part of this article it was shown an attempt of description of
the most characteristic of the features of the state monopoly of foreign trade.
These features can be derived from the general assumptions of the socialist economy,
although different solutions for the foreign trade are possible. The features
should define every foreign trade model in a socialist economy. They are as
follows:
1. necessity of subordination of foreign trade, first of all to the realization of
the physical proportions of the national economic plan,
2. need of control and regulation by the state all of foreign trade turnovers,
3. leading dual form of economic calculation in foreign trade: macroeconomic
calculus on central level and microeconomic calculus in enterprises.
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 31, 1969, z. 1, s. 161-177