Ludobójstwo w irackim Kurdystanie w latach 80. XX wieku i jego umiędzynarodowienie
Loading...
Date
2015
Authors
Advisor
Editor
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Title alternative
Kurdish Genocide in Iraqi Kurdistan in the 1980s and its Succesive Internalization
Abstract
Problem ludobójstwa w irackim Kurdystanie stanowi apogeum konfliktu iracko-kurdyjskiego
sięgającego początku lat 20. XX wieku. Nacjonalistyczna partia Al-Baas, która doszła do władzy w 1963 r., zaczęła prowadzić represyjną politykę wobec Kurdów polegającą na wysiedleniach z rdzennych obszarów na terytoria zamieszkałe przez ludność arabską lojalną wobec rządu. Kolejnymi krokami skierowanymi przeciw mniejszości kurdyjskiej było zorganizowane, masowe niszczenie i konfiskata jej mienia, ponadto zakaz przebywania w strefach wydzielonych przez władze, a także czystki etniczne na dużą skalę. Liczbę Kurdów, którzy padli ofiarą reżimu Saddama Husajna szacuje się na 182 tysiące. Użycie broni chemicznej w miejscowości Halabdża spowodowało śmierć ponad 5 tysięcy Kurdów, a ci którzy ocaleli do dziś odczuwają skutki tego ataku. To właśnie ta zbrodnia doprowadziła do umiędzynarodowienia kwestii kurdyjskiej, a w konsekwencji do uniezależnienia obszarów kurdyjskich od Bagdadu w latach 90. XX wieku. Niemal wszyscy autorzy ataku chemicznego oraz innych zbrodni na Kurdach zostali postawieni przed sądem i skazani za popełnione czyny.
Kurdish genocide in Iraqi Kurdistan marked a turning point in Iraqi-Kurdish conflict which dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. Iraqi nationalist party, Al-Baas, which took over power in 1963 introduced a policy of repressions against Kurds and was successively displacing them from their indigenous areas to the territory inhabited by Arab population who was loyal to the government. Iraqi government was destroying and confiscating the property of the Kurdish minority on a massive and organized scale. It banned Kurds from staying in designated prohibited zones, and carried out massive scale ethnic cleansing. The number of Kurds who fell victim to the regime of Saddam Hussein is estimated at 182 thousand. Chemical attack in the town of Halabja killed over 5 thousand people and those who survived still feel the impact of this deadly attack. It was exactly Halabja chemical attack that led to the internalization of the Kurdish problem and finally to the emergence of an independent Kurdish autonomy protected by international forces under the auspices of the United Nations. Following the collapse of Iraqi regime in 2003, nearly all authors of the chemical attack and other crimes against Kurds were brought to court and sentenced.
Kurdish genocide in Iraqi Kurdistan marked a turning point in Iraqi-Kurdish conflict which dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. Iraqi nationalist party, Al-Baas, which took over power in 1963 introduced a policy of repressions against Kurds and was successively displacing them from their indigenous areas to the territory inhabited by Arab population who was loyal to the government. Iraqi government was destroying and confiscating the property of the Kurdish minority on a massive and organized scale. It banned Kurds from staying in designated prohibited zones, and carried out massive scale ethnic cleansing. The number of Kurds who fell victim to the regime of Saddam Hussein is estimated at 182 thousand. Chemical attack in the town of Halabja killed over 5 thousand people and those who survived still feel the impact of this deadly attack. It was exactly Halabja chemical attack that led to the internalization of the Kurdish problem and finally to the emergence of an independent Kurdish autonomy protected by international forces under the auspices of the United Nations. Following the collapse of Iraqi regime in 2003, nearly all authors of the chemical attack and other crimes against Kurds were brought to court and sentenced.
Description
Sponsor
Keywords
Citation
Przegląd Strategiczny, 2015, nr 8, s. 329-344.