Jakość życia dorosłych kobiet z zaburzeniami wybranymi psychicznymi w Domu Pomocy Społecznej
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Date
2013-10-21
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Quality of life of women with mental disorders who live in institutions
Abstract
Problematyka jakości życia jest dziedziną podejmowaną w wielu pracach naukowych. Badano ją w kontekście ekonomicznym, psychologicznym, socjologicznym, teologicznym, stosowano ujęcia matematyczne, medyczne a nawet techniczne. Badania zaprezentowane w tej pracy dotyczą osób dorosłych z zaburzeniami psychicznymi zamieszkałych w Domu Pomocy Społecznej. Badania oparte są na danych zebranych za pomocą narzędzia Roberta Cumminsa Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale (ComQol-15), oraz wywiadu dodatkowego przeprowadzonego z mieszkankami, wywiadu semi-structured przeprowadzonego z pracownikami pierwszego kontaktu i opiekunami prawnymi badanych. Podczas badania zastosowano również analizę dokumentów i obserwację uczestniczącą. Badana grupa osiągnęła globalnie niską jakość życia, ale większe zadowolenie ze swojego życia, niż na to wskazywałyby obiektywne warunki. Badana grupa uzyskała najwyższe wyniki obiektywne w zakresie bezpieczeństwa, zdrowia i zażyłości z bliskimi. Badana grupa uzyskała najniższe wyniki obiektywne w zakresie produktywności i przynależności społecznej. Mieszkanki najwyżej cenią sobie zdrowie i przynależność społeczną a najmniej są usatysfakcjonowane z zasobów materialnych i produktywności. Pomimo obiektywnych warunków życia mieszkańców Domu Pomocy Społecznej, które uległy zdecydowanej poprawie, nadal sposób ich funkcjonowania jest podobny, brak jest przede wszystkim działań prowadzących do wyrabiania umiejętności samodzielnego wypełniania ról społecznych i rehabilitacji zawodowej, co prowadzi do izolacji społecznej i potwierdza niski status ekonomiczny.
In recent years theses well-being among the elderly has become a popular research topic in many articles, thesis and other research. The quality of life has been researched by many various specialist in such fields as economics, psychology, sociology, theology, mathematics, medical, technical etc. The aim of the study is the evaluation of the quality of life of people with mental disorders who live in institution. The data for analysis was collected from the interview by means of Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale (ComQol-15) with women with mental disorder and second semi-structure interview witch social workers and individual protectors of the residents. The results of the research show that the objective quality of life is low, whereas the subjective quality of life is higher. The higher result was observed in two segments - productivity and community. The lower results were observed in two segments – safety and intimacy. The women with mental disorder who live in institution were satisfied in their health and it was very important from them, and they totally unsatisfied with their material well-being and productivity while it still was very important from them. The institutions for women with mental disorder have changed in last twenty years but the methods of work there have not changed. The women do not have a job, their own money or a possibility to manage their life. The biggest problem in institutions like this is work rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. Secondly it should be created a special program which mobilizes residents to being active, and attempts to teach them more independence.
In recent years theses well-being among the elderly has become a popular research topic in many articles, thesis and other research. The quality of life has been researched by many various specialist in such fields as economics, psychology, sociology, theology, mathematics, medical, technical etc. The aim of the study is the evaluation of the quality of life of people with mental disorders who live in institution. The data for analysis was collected from the interview by means of Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale (ComQol-15) with women with mental disorder and second semi-structure interview witch social workers and individual protectors of the residents. The results of the research show that the objective quality of life is low, whereas the subjective quality of life is higher. The higher result was observed in two segments - productivity and community. The lower results were observed in two segments – safety and intimacy. The women with mental disorder who live in institution were satisfied in their health and it was very important from them, and they totally unsatisfied with their material well-being and productivity while it still was very important from them. The institutions for women with mental disorder have changed in last twenty years but the methods of work there have not changed. The women do not have a job, their own money or a possibility to manage their life. The biggest problem in institutions like this is work rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. Secondly it should be created a special program which mobilizes residents to being active, and attempts to teach them more independence.
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Wydział Studiów Edukacyjnych
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Keywords
jakość życia, quality of life, zaburzenia psychiczne, mental disorder, dom pomocy społecznej, institution for people, choroba psychiczna, mental handicap