Zarys przemian społecznych w Korei w okresie 1881-1907 na podstawie fotografii z epoki
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Date
2013-09-01
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Mage.pl
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Abstract
Artykuł stara się przybliżyć sytuację Korei w XIX w., uwzględniając stanowisko mocarstw do królestwa koreańskiego, a szczególnie najbliższych jego sąsiadów Chin, Japonii i Rosji najbardziej zainteresowanych ekspansją w tym kraju. Sporo na temat ówczesnego społeczeństwa i ogólnej sytuacji panującej w Korei dostarcza sprawozdanie z podróży Wacława Sieroszewskiego wydanej po raz pierwszy jako zwartej monografii w 1904 r. Artykułu przedstawia reformy mające umocnić kraj, podjęte przez rząd koreański i grupy Koreańczyków tj. Partii Modernizacji „Gachwadarg” powstałej w 1881 r., czy też reformatorów skupionych w Stronnictwie królowej Min. Dodatkowo zamieszczona została analiza jak reformy były odbierane przez społeczeństwo i jak na nie wpływały? W artykule sporo miejsca poświęcono reformom Koreańskim siłom zbrojnym, w których z feudalnej armii, przekształca się w nowoczesne wojsko. Większość przemian opisana został, z jednoczesnym ukazaniem ich na fotografiach z epoki wykonywanych przez przebywających wówczas w Korei cudzoziemców oraz samych Koreańczyków. Pierwsze fotografie wykonano w latach 60-tych XIX w. przez nieznanego autora. Powstały najprawdopodobniej podczas wysłanej do Korei przez Napoleona III karnej ekspedycji. Od tego momentu fotografia stopniowo wkraczała na Półwysep Koreański dokumentując zarówno życie zwykłych ludzi jak i przełomowe wydarzenia stają się tym samym źródłem ukazującym przemiany społeczne w tym kraju.
The article is trying to bring us nearer to the situation in Korea in 19th century. The article is taking into account positions of powers towards Korean Kingdom, especially its nearest neighbours - China, Japan and Russia. Those countries were the most interested in expansion in Korea. Report from travels of Waclaw Sieroszewski contains a lot of information about society and situation in Korea in those days. Those reports were published as monograph for the first time in 1904. The article describes reforms with a view to strengthen the country. Those reforms were undertaken by Korean government and groups of Koreans, for example Modernization Party called „Gachwadarg” (the party was established in 1881) and also reformers concentrated around queen Min. Additionally it contains analysis how the reforms were perceived by the society and what was their influence. There is also quite a lot of information about reforms in Korean army, which was changed from feudal into modern troops. Most of transformations were described and shown on the photographs at the same time. The photographs were taken by foreigners staying at that time in Korea and also the Koreans. The first photographs were taken by unanimous author in sixties of 19th century. They were taken presumably during expedition sent to Korea by Napoleon the 3rd. From that moment photography became constantly present on Korean Peninsula. It showed the life of ordinary people but also important breakthroughs in Korea. It became important source of knowledge about social changes in Korea.
The article is trying to bring us nearer to the situation in Korea in 19th century. The article is taking into account positions of powers towards Korean Kingdom, especially its nearest neighbours - China, Japan and Russia. Those countries were the most interested in expansion in Korea. Report from travels of Waclaw Sieroszewski contains a lot of information about society and situation in Korea in those days. Those reports were published as monograph for the first time in 1904. The article describes reforms with a view to strengthen the country. Those reforms were undertaken by Korean government and groups of Koreans, for example Modernization Party called „Gachwadarg” (the party was established in 1881) and also reformers concentrated around queen Min. Additionally it contains analysis how the reforms were perceived by the society and what was their influence. There is also quite a lot of information about reforms in Korean army, which was changed from feudal into modern troops. Most of transformations were described and shown on the photographs at the same time. The photographs were taken by foreigners staying at that time in Korea and also the Koreans. The first photographs were taken by unanimous author in sixties of 19th century. They were taken presumably during expedition sent to Korea by Napoleon the 3rd. From that moment photography became constantly present on Korean Peninsula. It showed the life of ordinary people but also important breakthroughs in Korea. It became important source of knowledge about social changes in Korea.
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Reformy Gwangmu, Reformy Gabo, Przemiany społeczne, Koreańska armia, Korea, Fotografia, The Gwangmu reform, The Gabo reform, Photography, Social transformations, Korean army, Korea
Citation
Przegląd Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Społeczny, 3/2013, s. 25-54