Polarczyk, Kazimierz2017-07-222017-07-221971Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 33, 1971, z. 1, s. 189-2030035-9629http://hdl.handle.net/10593/18913Despite the increase in the role of services in the development of modern countries, there is a lack of satisfying definitions and classifications of services and of the systematization of conceptions connected with services in economic literature. In connection with the conventional opinion on the nature of services, an attempt has been made to describe as objectively as possible the range of conception and sphere 0;f services, and to divide the basic groups. The basis for such a division of services in all social activities is the classification of man's activity based on features distinguishing particular pioducts of this activity taken as classifying criteria. Such an approach is a result of the opinion that the most important specialization, of a general economic character, is that which is the aim of economic activity i.e. its effective results, lealized in the process of work and satisfying social demands. The verification of the hypothesis permitted differentiation of two basic aims — criteria of division of work. These are: the size of transformation in the result of the activity, and the character of the product from the point of view of the amount of information comprised. After conducting a dichotomic classification, nine types of man's activity were segregated. Next, because of the meed of associating this division with practical specialization, and of reducing surplus theoretical classes, they were aggregated into five types of activity. The nomenclature of these types are simultaneously the types of enterprises and spheres treated as a set of enterprises of a uniform character in results. The spheres are: agriculture, industry, services, communication, sciences (together with ar1s). It has been proved that the spatial arrangement of these enterprises belonging to the same sphere is similar, with significant difference in spatial order of enterprises belonging to different spheres. Basing on the aforementioned criteria of work classification, the definition of services has been formulated. Service is a creative activity whose offect is the utilization value — created or bestowed on an existing or earlier shaped object (material product, information, person or social group), as a result of the activity during work on the structure of this object. Basing on these same criteria services have been classified into six types: renovation, information, distribution, recreational, educational-cultural, organizational. The proposed classification is of a theoretical character, but it can be useful in dividing services for various practical aims. The article adapts a certain attitude towards some controversial opinions on the definition, division and nature of services and sphere of services.polinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessArtykuł