Prengel, Marek2013-03-142013-03-142000Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 62, 2000, z. 3, s. 73-850035-9629http://hdl.handle.net/10593/5282In the beginning of his article the Author discusses acs that necessarily must precede the money laundering, i.e. a so-called illicit activity of primary nature. For instance, these acts are: illicit production o f drugs and next trading them, illegal gambling, white slave trade, living on the earnings of a prostitute and giving her protection, illegal immigration, trading of radioactive materials or of weapons, etc., briefly - all acts committed in order to acquire dirty sums of money. Then the most popular models of action are presented by the Author. In a phase model three fundamental phases are specified: the first phase is a placement, i.e. a change of cash into so-called electronic money or other financial values with involvement o f banks, money exchange points, etc.; the second phase is a layering which consists in concealing illegal origin of such financial values through offshore or underground banking, international money transfer, fictitious companies, etc.; the third phase is an integration - i.e. the introduction of laundered money into legal economic circulation through investments, purchasing of securities, etc. Next the Author discusses other theories, e.g. American „cycle model” or theoretical task model by Ackermann. The latter focuses on following points: 1) aims o f money laundering: conversion and concealment; 2) possibilities of acting: off-shore centers, fraudulent companies, corruption; 3) factors o f assistant character: international factor, offshore factor, layering factor, factor of cashless payments system, etc. Final part of the article is devoted by the Author to the laundering itself and hiding of this process as well as to persons occupied with this job, i.e. the „laundry men”.plArtykuł