Kwiek, Marek2015-06-192015-06-192015Higher Education, OnlineFirst: June 13, 2015http://hdl.handle.net/10593/13318In this paper, we focus on a rare scholarly theme of highly productive academics, statistically confirming their pivotal role in knowledge production across 11 systems studied. The upper 10 % of highly productive academics in 11 European countries studied (N = 17,211) provide on average almost half of all academic knowledge production. In contrast to dominating bibliometric studies of research productivity, we focus on academic attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions as predictors of becoming research top performers across European systems. Our paper provides a (large-scale and cross-country) corroboration of the systematic inequality in knowledge production, for the first time argued for by Lotka (J Wash Acad Sci 16:317–323, 1929) and de Solla Price (Little science, big science. Columbia University Press, New York, 1963). We corroborate the deep academic inequality in science and explore this segment of the academic profession. The European research elite is a highly homogeneous group of academics whose high research performance is driven by structurally similar factors, mostly individual rather than institutional. Highly productive academics are similar from a cross-national perspective, and they substantially differ intra-nationally from their lower-performing colleagues.en-USinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessacademic professionfaculty workfaculty research productivityhighly productive academicshigher education policyEuropean universitiespublishing productivityLotka's lawAlfred LotkaDerek de Solla Priceacademic stratificationresearch top performershighly performing academicspublishing patternshigh publisherslow publishersacademic productivityresearch productivityresearch hoursteaching hoursteaching and researchpredictors of productivitycorrelates of productivityhigh productivityEuropean academicsCAP surveyEUROAC surveyChanging Academic Professioninequalityinequality in knowledge productionknowledge productionEuropean higher educationSocial stratification in scienceacademic inequalitytop performersskewed distributionrefression analysishighly publishing academicsArtykułhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9910-x