Romanow, Zbigniew2017-12-152017-12-151978Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 40, 1978, z. 2, s. 89-930035-9629http://hdl.handle.net/10593/20815Realization of personal business by aiming at goal reaching with minimum means is the contents of Smiths' economics principle. An economic unit acting according to private business reaches the benefit maximum, and because a society is the sum of units, it maximizes the social benefits. Realization of personal business by „homo oeconomicus" is possible — according to A. Smith .— under conditions of laissez-faire policy, ensuring initiative and enterprise, what is conducive to the best satisfaction of society needs. The subjective-marginalistic economy, developing vulgarized concepts of the classical school successors, modernizes the economics principle raising it to the standing of universal acting motives of „homo oeconomicus" and to the dignity of crucial economy problem. The initial application of the marginal calculus, connected with motives of consumer's acting, was changed and used in analysis of interdependences functionining in industry and on the market from the viewpoint of the economics principle, with assumption on perfect competition. In the thirties L. von Mises formulated, so called, argumentation neglecting possibility of rational economy in the socialism. O. Lange, constructing a mechanism ensuring decision optimum, expressed himself against that concept. The theory of socialist economy and the practice of socialism construction have snaked the objections of the capitalist economy connected with impossibility of rational economy in the socialism, and the vulgarized concept of personal business as well as the Smith's economics principle meet criticism also among Western economists today.polinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessArtykuł