Boruszewski, Jarosław2013-11-072013-11-072011Filo-Sofija, 2011, nr 12, ss. 397-4251642-3267http://hdl.handle.net/10593/8179This article is the first part of the cycle titled “Machines and symbols”. The main issue of this cycle may be formulated as a question: can machines and technical devices operate with symbols? A very important problem raised in this essay is the difference between symbols and signals. The concept of signal is also broadly discussed in the paper, because there are many different definitions of this concept. The present text contains semantic and philosophical considerations concerning cybernetics, mathematical theory of communication, industrial semiotics and semio-technics. In these theories, terms “symbol” and “signal” are often used interchangeably which leads to misconceptions. One of the most frequent misconceptions is confusing discrete signals with symbols. The author focused on communication systems where machines are senders and humans are receivers, because descriptions of these systems tend towards anthropomorphization of a machine-sender. This tendency makes signals sent out by machines treated as symbols comprehensible by a human-receiver. Another interesting aspect of machine-human communication systems is the treatment of a human-receiver as some kind of machine. Such an idea is called “mechanomorphism”.plSymbolSygnałMechanomorfizmSemiotyka PrzemysłowaCybernetykaPrakseosemiotykaArtykuł