Bondyra, Krzysztof2013-03-142013-03-142000Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 62, 2000, z. 3, s. 161-1770035-9629http://hdl.handle.net/10593/5288The Authors indicates arguments o f double nature which are objects of appeals made by social actors within the framework of local communities when expressing their protest against some more concrete undertakings. First of all - it would be the category of „familiarity” as opposed to „strangeness”; the latter relates to this part of population which still became not rooted in a given local community through links of informal social, familial, neighborly or religious kinds. And secondly - the argument of anti-developmental character would be the menace ensuing from foreign capital, mainly German (it is named in many different ways). The Author emphasizes the role of local élites played in the course of local conflicts. For it seems well that self-governmental élites do dispose of relatively big capacity of taking decisions oriented „against” local societies. The élites in question - acting in quality of superior agents - are able to undertake measures aimed at modernization as well as to blockade them effectively. This way threats are occurring in relation with respecting real subjectivity of the whole of inhabitants. However, in the same time a tendency can be observed to break up the passiveness o f civic society on the way of actions undertaken by organized social actors, i.e. by alternative élites emerging this way.plArtykuł