Browsing by Author "Dyoniak, Andrzej"
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Item Dziedziczenie testamentowe rozwiedzionego małżonka(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1988) Dyoniak, AndrzejThe Civil Code provisions on succession by will, unlike the regulation of the intestate succession, do not give a definite answer as to whether a divorced spouse inherits after his/her ex-spouse by virtue of a testament drawn before the divorce. In some foreign legal systems the legislators not only stipulated the norms allowing the decedent to amend or cancell his/her will, but adopted the regulation according to which the very fact of divorce or even marital breakdown excludes the ex- -spouse from inheriting by virtue of a testament drawn prior to divorce. Trying to find a legal basis to exclude a divorced spouse from testamentary succession, one should point out to the provisions on error. Although at a time of drawing a will no defects can be found, the evaluation as to the existence of error in a testament must be carried out with reference to events which occured after the will had been drawn. Thus since in a typical case a decedent must consider divorce unexpected at a time of his/her drawing the will, subsequent divorce renders the stipulations Of a testament to have been drawn in error. A testament drawn in error is void. A court will have to assess whether the invalidity pertains to the entire testament or only to the stipulations in favour of the ex-spouse.Item Funkcjonowanie ustawowego ustroju majątkowego małżeńskiego w odniesieniu do rodzinnych zakładów produkcyjnych(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1985) Dyoniak, AndrzejThe system of joint property reveals, apart of positive features, several vices as well. These are particularly conspicious in the aspect of managing joint property and spouses' liability for debts. Complications can appear especially in those situations when family owned producing firms are a part of joint property. If one can nevertheless adopt a possibly wide understanding of acts of ordinary management of joint property, then family owned producing firms can efficiently operate within joint property of a normally functioning family. The system enables the spouses to use profits derived from such firms already in the time of joint property existence. Only in case of the most important acts as alienation, burdening and several others the cooperation of spouses must be required. In absence of consent for management between spouses, the spouse whose rights in joined property are being injured can demand a protection provided by law. Yet the spouse devoid of appropriate qualifications or a trade license is not competent to demand a court ruling depriving the second spouse of management rights in joint property (art. 40 of Family and Guardianship Gode F.G.C.). He can only demand to have the spouse obliged to divide profits derived from running a family owned producing firm, and also in case of damage incurred by acts of the spouse, to have him redress ithe damage, on the grounds of art. 415 of Givi] Code (C.C.). If those measures prove to be not adequate, the spouse can demand, in the last resort, a judicial dissolution of matrimonial property community (art. 52 F,G.C).Item Pozycja nasciturusa na obszarze majątkowego prawa prywatnego(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1994) Dyoniak, AndrzejNasciturus acquires property title on condition that it is born alive (Article 8 para. 2 of the civil code). This is conditio iuris... A conceived child may be an heir at-law or testamentary. However, a conceived child cannot assume the inheritance. During the period before the child is born, fatherhood may be established and claim for child maintenance may be filed. Nasciturus may become a party in civil and legal contracts. However, no property may be transferred in its favour. The parents act as statutory representatives of a child, also before the child is born. In the case of artificial insemination with the use of an AID or an implant of an embryo into the womb of a woman who is not the genetic mother — the latter one and the husband giving consent to AID become, according to the laws, the legal parents of the child so conceived and born. For purposes of propei'ty title rights acquired by a nasciturus, the conception is deemed to have taken place at the moment when the fertilised egg settles in the womb.Item Przynależność do majątków małżonków udziału w spółce z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością i akcji(1991) Dyoniak, AndrzejAmong various rights vested in parties to a commercial partnership only the rights of a property character may be considered the elements of the property of the spouses. The author is of the opinion that a share in a limited liability company and a share in a joint stock company should be included into the community property, unless Art. 33 of the Family and Guardianship Code states otherwise. If the partnership contract has been concluded by one of the spouses, the other spouse is not a partner and may not claim dividend. However, that other spouse may participate in such dividend through his or her joint right to the common property. A share in a joint-stock company may be alienated without the consent of the other spouse. However, the transfer of a share in a limited liability company may be considered a transaction exceeding ordinary management of the common Property, if the value of such a share, assessed from the point of view of a financial situation of a given family, is considerable. In present economic conditions it would be advisable to adopt the objective conception of transactions exceeding ordinary management of the common property.Item Zasada ochrony rodziny a odpowiedzialność małżonków za zobowiązania(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1977) Dyoniak, AndrzejL'un des principes essentiels du régime de la République Populaire de Pologne est la protection de la famille (l'art 5 p. 7 de la Constitution de la RPP). La modification du code de famille et de tutelle par la loi du 10 décembre 1975 avait pour but une meilleure assurance des droits de l'enfant et de la famille. Dans l'élaboration on a discuté les principes de la responsabilité des époux des obligations dont le débiteur est seulement l'un des époux. Dès l'entrée en vigueur de l'amendement (1 III 1976) la responsabilité des obligations civiles-juridiques et les autres obligations se forment sur les autres principes, et l'article 41 du c.f.t. concerne seulement des dettes ayant le caractère civil-juridique. On a maintenu le principe que du patrimoine commun peut demander la satisfaction le créancier, dont le débiteur est seulement l'un des époux (l'art. 41 § 1 du c.f.t.). La limitation et surtout l'exclusion de la responsabilité du patrimoine commun des obligations de causes énumerées à l'art. 41 § 3 du c.f.t. doit être exceptionnelle, et en tranchant ce problème il faut avoir en considération non seulement la protection de la famille du débiteur, mais aussi la défense des intérêts justifiés du créancier. La limitation de la responsabilité ne doit pas en règle placer le créancier sur une position pire, que si le débiteur et son époux restait en régime de la séparation de biens. En principe on a reglé régulièrement le problème de la responsabilité des époux des obligations après la cessation de la communauté, car à présent il en est responsable seulement l'époux-débiteur. La condition pour porter l'exécution sur le patrimoine commun est d'investir au titre d'exécution la clause de l'exequatur contre l'époux du débiteur en voie de l'art. 787 du c.p.c.