Browsing by Author "Frankowski, Marcin"

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    Highly sulfonated hyper-cross-linked polymers as promising adsorbents for efficient and selective removal of ciprofloxacin from water
    (Elsevier, 2024-03-17) Wolska, Joanna; Frankowski, Marcin; Jenczyk, Jacek; Wolski, Lukasz
    This study aims at the development of novel and highly sulfonated hyper-cross-linked polymers (sHCPs) using facile and one-step synthetic approach, and verification of the potential applicability of the as-synthesized polymers in the adsorptive removal of various antibiotic pollutants under environmentally relevant conditions. The sHCPs synthesized in this work were capable of highly efficient removal of antibiotic pollutants at relatively high (30 mg/L) and low (50 µg/L) initial concentrations, both from a simple as well as complex water matrices. The rate of ciprofloxacin removal and the adsorption capacity observed for the most efficient adsorbent (qe = 757.7 mg/g) were found to be approximately twice higher than that established for other previously reported sulfonated polymers prepared via post-synthetic sulfonation (qe = 476.9 mg/g), and commercial polymer-based adsorbents (e.g. Amberlyst-15, qe = 438.5 mg/g). The highest adsorption capacity was observed at pH close to neutral for polar antibiotic pollutants that contain protonated functional groups and exist in cationic or zwitterion form (e.g. ciprofloxacin and tetracycline). The reported results clearly imply that highly sulfonated hyper-cross-linked polymers are promising candidates for potential practical application for the elimination of organic pollutants from aqueous media, being capable of selective removal of various antibiotics via ionic interaction even in the presence of a great excess of other cations, anions and organic matter naturally existing in environmentally relevant water samples (e.g. river water).
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    The influence of cross-linking density on the efficiency of post-synthetic sulfonation of hyper-cross-linked polymers and their adsorption capacity for antibiotic pollutants
    (Elsevier, 2023-06-23) Wolska, Joanna; Muńko, Malwina; EL, Siblani Hussein; Telegeiev, Igor; Frankowski, Marcin; Szwajca, Anna; Walkowiak-Kulikowska, Justyna; El-Roz, Mohamad; Wolski, Łukasz
    Hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs) attract increasing attention as promising adsorbents for removal of organic pollutants from water. The present work reveals for the first time that the efficiency of the post-synthetic sulfonation of HCPs-based adsorbents and their reactivity in removal of selected polar antibiotic pollutants can be simply controlled by adjusting the cross-linking density of the polymer network. The study included both the evaluation of the mechanism and kinetics of the adsorption process over sulfonated HCPs, as well as the determination of their stability, recyclability, and affinity toward various antibiotics. The latter was established based on adsorption tests using mono- and multicomponent mixtures of different structure antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole and amoxicillin). The adsorption capacity of all sulfonated polymers was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of −SO3H functions and inversely proportional to the cross-linking density of the parent HCPs. The most promising sulfonated polymer had approximately 4 times higher adsorption capacity toward ciprofloxacin than commercial carbon-based adsorbent Norit (427.5 vs. 110.5 mg/g, respectively). The main adsorption mechanism over sulfonated HCPs was chemisorption of the antibiotics via ionic interactions with surface -SO3H groups. Spent adsorbent could be successfully recycled ten times without any loss in its efficiency.