Browsing by Author "Kolendowicz, Leszek i inni"
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Item Sezony bioklimatyczne międzydobowych zmian ciśnienia atmosferycznego w Poznaniu w drugiej połowie XX wieku(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2010) Półrolniczak, Marek; Kolendowicz, Leszek i inniThe article analyses the interdiurnal changes of atmospheric pressure as biometeorological mechanical stimulus that exerts influence on the human organism. It is based in the study of the daily values of the atmospheric pressure recorded in the years 1951–2000 in the area of Poznań. The following classification of inter-diurnal pressure changes is used in the research: type a, when the change is lower than 1 hPa and is not felt by the human organism; type b, when the range of the change is 1–4 hPa and is felt by the human organism only to an insignificant degree; type c, the average; type d, significant (Kozłowska-Szczęsna et al. 1997). The area of study is the mutability of pressure change throughout the period of many years and finding out the patterns in these changes and the annual cycle of the average interdiurnal pressure changes and the particular stimuli. As far as the annual cycle of the interdiurnal pressure changes characterised by the occurrence of the greater changes in the colder part of the year and the smaller ones in the warmer part of the year is concerned, it has been studied by other authors, who point out that it constitutes the permanent feature of this meteorological element (Kozłowska-Szczęsna 1991; Fortuniak et al. 2000). The annual cycle has been an incentive to searching for bioclimatic seasons of the interdiunal pressure changes, which are marked out by the application of Ward procedure. The method has made it possible to take into account all types of pressure changes at a time. The average frequency of their occurrence in the period of five days, therefore a matrix of data embracing 73 pentads, each of which has four features (corresponding to the four types of pressure changes. The pentads, which have been properly grouped, create dendrite, on the basis of which the image of the annual structure of bioclimatic diurnal seasons of pressure change is made. The study shows that in the area of Poznań there are four bioclimatic seasons during the entire year and that they differ in terms of the influence on the human organism. The most significant influence in terms of the frequency of occurrence is the season D, which takes places in the coldest time of the year. The least influential is season A due the infrequency of days when significant pressure changes take place. Between these two seasons, two transition seasons, B and C, happen twice a year.Item Struktura pola opadów Polski na tle warunków cyrkulacyjnych(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2010) Komar, Zbigniew; Kolendowicz, Leszek i inniThe way circulation factors influence the spatial structure of the precipitation area in Poland was studied on the basis of everyday pluviometric data from 31 metrological stations as well as a circulation catalogue published by M. Stępniewska-Podrażka. The analysis covered all 7-day-long or longer periods which displayed the same type of circulation in the years 1951–1990. The pluviometric data gathered made it possible to characterise the pluviometric regimes for each town in the specified periods taking account of 3 factors: total precipitation, frequency of precipitation and intensity of precipitation. The study focused on pluviometric similarities between neighbouring points (stations) under specified conditions of atmospheric circulation. When considering matters related to the objective of the study, account was taken of the elements of the graph theory which not only made it possible to graphically represent the directions of similarity research but also showed the degree of consistency between pluviometric similarity networks from a statistical point of view. The research uncovered some particular features of structural organisation of the precipitation area depending on the conditions of atmospheric circulation: –– Variation in similarity within the precipitation areas is disturbed to a different degree The number of similar relations in constructed graph networks varied between 9 and 75. –– Cases of perfect similarity can be observed only under anti-cyclonic circulation and were present in SEa, Sa and Oa circulation types. –– The degree of similarity within the precipitation area varies depending on the character of circulation. The mean frequency with which precipitation similarities were identified along studied edges is at its lowest under cyclonic circulation and at its highest under anti-cyclonic conditions. –– When analyzed by seasons, the frequency of pluviometric precipitation similarity along specified relation lines was lower in the warm half-year under cyclonic, intermediate and anti-cyclonic circulation conditions. The graph method of studying structural features of the precipitation area used in this paper has proved to be a useful and effective research tool especially when applied to analyses of spatial relations. Presented examples of graphs are a more or less clear indication that the spatial structure of the precipitation area in Poland studied from the perspective of pluviometric similarity relations is determined by circulation factors with the spatial scope of this influence depending on the season.