Browsing by Author "Kowalski, Tadeusz"
Now showing 1 - 12 of 12
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item DEBATA „POLSKA TRANSFORMACJA GOSPODARCZA: 20 LAT PÓŹNIEJ”(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2010) Fiedor, Bogusław; Gomułka, Stanisław; Jajuga, Krzysztof; Kowalski, Tadeusz; Orłowski, Witold; Gorynia, MarianItem EFEKTYWNOŚĆ OPERACYJNA BANKÓW W POLSCE W LATACH 1994 - 1996 (Na przykładzie dziewięciu banków wyodrębnionych z NBP)(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1998) Kowalski, Tadeusz; Staniszewska, DanutaThe aim of the article is to analyse operational efficiency of nine commercial banks separated from the National Bank of Poland in 1989. The background of this analysis is a presentation and evaluation of principal institutional and economic factors that do influence the banking sector. The notion of operational efficiency of this sector can be defined as an ability of banks to operate effectively their current activities under market circumstances and competition. Operational efficiency during macro-economic transformation depends heavily on external factors particularly, institutional ones. The impact of these factors stems from the need to implement deep changes in qualitative policy changes in economic structure and in the role of public sector borrowing requirement. The latter is still very important thanks to the underdevelopment of financial intermediation and shallow money market in Poland. The work has two parties. The first part presents a discussion and an analysis of institutional and economic conditions prevailing around the banking sector in Poland during early stage transformation. Knowledge of these condition is necessary to understand and then interprete changes occurring in operational efficiency of banks. Most new legal regulations in banking sector have been introduced between 1989 and 1994. The Authors have assumed that quantitative analysis of operational efficiency in 1989 -1993 would be neovily biased by frequent, major changes of banks’ institutional environment. This analysis has been done for relatively homogenous group of nine banks created in 1989 on the basis of regional branches of the National Bank of Poland. Second part of the paper was devoted to presentation of the results of quantitative analysis of operational efficiency in the group of the nine banks. Examination of effectiveness was done using generalized DuPont method and a matrix approach.Item Eksport EWG do Polski w latach 1968-1980. Uwarunkowania koniunkturalne(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1983) Brzeziński, Marian; Kowalski, TadeuszThe article presents a model describing fluctuations related to changes in the exporter's economic activity (EEC). Model assumptions were adapted to specificities of the East-West trade. The study related to the EEC exports to Poland was to answer the following questions: what is the effect of the EEC business tendencies on a growth of the EEC-Poland export volume, does a cyclical character of that export yields any negative impact on a developement of current production and growth dynamics in Poland. The effect of internal factors on the economic system of Poland resulting in a phenomenon of a cyclical development was neglected here. The relationships discussed in this study were treated as a factor fostering or weakening internal fluctuations. A statistical survey conducted in the years of 1968 -1980 proved that there is a possibility of forming peculiar economic mechanisms in the EEC-Poland trade which can cause importing negative cycles of business activity of the EEC by the Polish economy. The study indicated only at a one possible aspect of the EEC-Poland trade examining phenomena related to imports from the EEC and leaving the problems of exports from Poland aside. It would be fallacious to search the main reasons for the cyclical developement of Polish economy in the relationships presented in this study. Nevertheless, the research conducted indicates that exports from the EEC must be treated as a non-controlled variable or not entirely controlled one on account on a lack of grounds to rule out its cyclical character.Item Metody oceny zagrożenia bankructwem-podejście pragmatyczne(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1993) Letza, Steve; Kowalski, TadeuszThe subject-matter of t h e study are pragmatic approaches to the examination of bankruptcy risks. In particular, the study presents the development of the application of ratio analysis and of econometric methods for forecasting and identifying the most significant symptoms predicting the loss of liquidity and, consequently, the bankruptcy of a firm. The study comprises also a table containing financial indicators for British firms in various sectors. They may constitute a point of reference for the Polish manufacturing sector.Item Nowa klasyczna makroekonomia a polityka stabilizacji gospodarczej w kapitalizmie(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1987) Kowalski, TadeuszA considerable deterioration of economic situation in the '70 was accompanied by a gradual rebirth of classical economic conceptions. A clear example of the above is new classical economics formulated in the USA in the '70. That trend calls in question not only the output of Keynesian economics but also its methodological foundations. New classical economics, like monetarism, should be included among general equilibrium theories. The article contains the analysis of theoretical structure of new classical macroeconomics, with the emphasis laid on the key element of that theoretical system, namely the rational expectations hypothesis in J. F. Muth's sense. The article also presents and analyses the new-classical invariance proposition referring to the stabilization policy originating from Keynesian economics. Besides, the article contains the critique of new classical economics and attempts to evaluate the significance of that highly controversial trend for changes occurring in contemporary macroeconomics.Item Polityka kursu walutowego w Polsce w latach 1990 - 1994(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1994) Kowalski, TadeuszThe purpose of the paper was to investigate the manner in which exchange rate policy was carried out in Poland in the years 1990 - 1994. Relations between the exchange rate policy and monetary policy as well as changes in the foreign trade structure after the implementation of exchange policy have been analysed and a differentiation between a fixed exchange rate and the crawling peg has been made. Despite the controversy over the first phase ('overshooting' and delayed introduction of the crawling peg), the foreign exchange rate policy in the investigated period deserves to be evaluated very highly. A recommendation drafted in the paper proposes a change in the structure of the currency basket (which should consist of ECU and USD only) and gradual lowering of the crawling peg rate until a fixed exchange rate is achieved when inflation rate is reduced to a one digit level.Item POLSKA TRANSFORMACJA GOSPODARCZA NA TLE WYBRANYCH KRAJÓW EUROPY ŚRODKOWEJ(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Kowalski, TadeuszThe aim of this paper is to provide an empirical analysis of Poland’s economic transformation process. Poland’s case (its initial conditions, growth and development) is compared with the transformations that have taken place in the Czech Republic, Hungary, the Slovak Republic, Lithuania and Ukraine. The transformation process ran in two phases: a phase of stabilisation and implementation of the fundamental constitutional changes, and a phase of development. The paper offers a general overview of those phases, with a special focus on the macroeconomic context, institutional framework and development factors. It also highlights the issue of the conditions and factors of national economy competitiveness. The applied approaches complement one another, creating a context for international comparison of the operation of factors that stimulate and inhibit the transition process. While highly evaluating Poland’s economic transformation, the analysis identifies many opportunities that had not been taken. The most important ones include: lack of effective response (regarding quantitative and qualitative economic policy) to the lowest in Europe employment rate; failure to bring the privatisation process to a conclusion; reform fatigue and slowdown, also with respect to fiscal reforms which otherwise could facilitate meeting by the Polish economy o f euro area membership requirements and allow Poland to improve its competitive position. In the future, Poland’s ability to overcome the above-mentioned weaknesses will be of crucial importance. Moreover, it is essential for Poland to increase the rates of domestic savings, supply and investment. Fast changes in the GDP structure and starting effectiveness reserves that underlie the improvement of broadly understood institutional environment are also necessary.Item POSTRZEGANIE OTOCZENIA INSTYTUCJONALNEGO W POLSCE W LATACH 1997-2009(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2011) Kowalski, TadeuszCelem artykułu jest prezentacja i ocena zmian percepcji środowiska instytucjonalnego, ograniczonego w niniejszym opracowaniu do sfery instytucji publicznych, oraz stanowienia i egzekwowania prawa w Polsce w latach 1998-2009. Jakość rozwiązań instytucjonalnych i funkcjonowania otoczenia biznesu w Polsce jest przedmiotem krytyki zarówno ze strony obywateli, przedsiębiorców, jak i polityków. Względnie niskie oceny jakości otoczenia instytucjonalnego wywierają negatywny wpływ na międzynarodową konkurencyjność Polski, i to zarówno w ocenie polskich obserwatorów, jak i zagranicznych partnerów gospodarczych. Analizowany obraz oceny i kierunku zmian w otoczeniu instytucjonalnym oparty jest na własnych badaniach prowadzonych systematycznie na celowo dobranej grupie menedżerów średniego i wyższego szczebla. Tłem dla tak rozumianej analizy jakości i funkcjonowania instytucji publicznych, procedur stanowienia i egzekwowania prawa są zmiany wynikające z wyborów parlamentarnych.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2009) Kowalski, TadeuszMaria Lissowska, Instytucje gospodarki rynkowej w Polsce - Institutions for Market Economy. The Case of Poland, Wydawnictwo C. H. Beck, Warszawa 2008, ss. 271.Item ROZWÓJ ŚRODOWISKA INSTYTUCJONALNEGO W NOWYCH KRAJACH UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ PRZYPADEK ESTONII I POLSKI(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Kowalski, Tadeusz; Wihlborg, Clas; Vensel, VelloThe aim o f the paper is to present the results of a series o f interviews and surveys carried out among Estonian and Polish managers in Estonia and Poland between 1997-2004. The survey was conducted in an attempt to quantify evolution and perception of the quality of the legal environment in those economies under transition, at the time when both states were preparing to accede to the European Union. The results o f that empirical study are presented against the background o f the literature on institutional aspects o f the economic transformation. The surveys are focused on three vital areas: the functioning of government agencies, or public institutions, the legislative procedures and law enforcement.Item Transformacja makroekonomiczna a upadłość przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w latach 1990-1995(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM) Hadasik, Dorota; Kowalski, TadeuszMost elaborations on transformation processes of Polish economy concentrate upon the analysis of fiscal and monetary policies or of exchange rate. The by-result (nevertheless - unavoidable) of macroeconomic transformation in Poland was the apperance of the enterprises insolvency phenomenon. This problem has bees analysed mainly from legal point of view in the subject literature. The aim of the present paper is to analyse the scale and regional diversification of such insolvencies against the background of macroeconomic phenomenons and resulting institutional solutions in Poland after 1990. We consider that during the initial phase of the transformation a liberalization of formal and legal entrance rules is of key importance for the development of the economy. In second phase of macroeconomic transformation the exit rules solutions become particularly important. Their effective operation is a necessary condition for restructuring the economy and for generally effective impact of allocative function of market mechanism. The present paper consists of four points. The first point is introductive. Within the second - principal elements of the Polish stabilization programme as well as summarized, macroeconomic results of the reforms have been presented. This knowledge and an analysis of it seem to be necessary for to understand the scale of insolvencies of enterprises in Poland in 1990 - 1995. Under the same point there is also an evaluation of accessibility and quality of informations relevant for examining the circumstances of bankruptcies. Additionally - informations about the scale of company promoting activity within the private sector have been inserted. These informations are the point of referrence to the analyses of insolvencies scale which are comprised in point three. The insolvencies scale is analysed both in global and in voivodeship optics. The conclusions are in point four. A detailed macroeconomic analysis of enterprises insolvencies mechanisms in Poland is quite a difficult task. The basic problem is still insufficient authenticity and accessibility of microeconomic data, and especially - from menaced and falling enterprises. Such a state of things gets it difficult or even simply impossible to apply presently some models of evaluating the imminence of an insolvency.Item WPROWADZENIE OCZEKIWAŃ PODMIOTÓW GOSPODARCZYCH DO ANALIZY POLITYKI MAKROEKONOMICZNEJ(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1998) Kowalski, Tadeusz