Browsing by Author "Szmyt, Marzena"
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Item ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY OF THE EASTERN GROUP OF GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTURE(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 1996) Kadrow, Sławomir; Szmyt, Marzena; Żebrowski, TomaszGlobular Amphora culture settlements make one of the most important systems of circulation of cultural patterns in the border zone between the drainage areas of the Baltic and Black Seas. One aspect of this problem, namely the „eastern exodus" mentioned in the title, has seemingly rich historiography. Under closer scrutiny, however, it reveals many intuitive opinions based on weak and insufficiently explored sources. This belief lay behind the present issue of the „Baltic-Pontic Studies". The papers presented in this issue open new areas of discussion of the problems in question. For the first time, the discussion is set against an incontrovertible scale of absolute chronology. This issue anticipates a broader synthesising presentation to be published in the not too distant future.Item Bell Beakers and the cultural milieu of north European plain(Sidestone press. Leiden, 2012) Czebreszuk, Janusz; Szmyt, Marzena; Fokkens, Harry; Nicolis, FrancoIt is clear that not only cultural backgrounds for the Bell Beakers in north and south Poland are different, but also that the Bell Beakers in these two parts of the country vary. The authors deal with the northern zone (Pomerania, Wielkopolska and Kujawy regions) where strong connections are observed with the Single Grave Culture (from northern Germany and Jutland) and with the regional Corded Ware Culture. Bell Beaker traits are recorded there mostly on settlements and not in burials. A long typochronological Bell Beaker sequence is established and their important role in the long-lasting cultural developments in the region is proposed.Item Bell Beakers and the cultural milieu of north European plain(Sidestone Press, Leiden, 2012) Czebreszuk, Janusz; Szmyt, MarzenaItem Bell Beakers and Their Role in a Settlement Evolution During the Neolithic-Bronze Interstage on the Polish Lowland(2008) Czebreszuk, Janusz; Szmyt, MarzenaItem BETWEEN WEST AND EAST. PEOPLE OF THE GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTURE IN EASTERN EUROPE: 2950-2350 BC(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni., 2010) Szmyt, MarzenaThe societies of the Globular Amphora culture (GAC) in eastern Europe have already been discussed in one of the previous volumes of the Baltic-Pontic Studies (4). The papers included in it presented new Globular Amphora culture assemblages and new information categories (in particular, new radiocarbon dates). This volume gives a full description of source material foundations relating to the presence of GAC populations in eastern Europe, from the Baltic coast in the north to the Black Sea in the south and the Dnieper-Dvina line in the east. The sources were subjected to extensive analytical procedures whose ultimate result is a new presentation of the temporal and spatial parameters of the development of GAC population settlement in eastern Europe. Of special interest is a detailed description of the cultural environments in which the settlement appeared as well the cultural processes in which GAC societies took part. Consequently, this book touches upon a number of controversial issues in the prehistory of the borderland between western and eastern Europe. We intend to continue this line of investigations in one of the next volumes focusing especially on the questions of social transformations characteristic of the 3rd millennium BC in the area of interest to us that need to be dealt anew.Item Central European Lowland Societies and the Pontic Area in the 4th-4th/3rd Millennium BC(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2009) Kośko, Aleksander; Szmyt, Marzena; Żebrowski, Piotr T.As regards the identification of the early forms of Europe's long-distance routes, the area lying between the Baltic and Black seas can be said to be one of relative neglect. Specifically, little research has been devoted to the development stages of the area's socio-cultural map, i.e. to neighbourly forays, itineraries, routes (of varied continuity, range and transport technique), stable segments of roads leading to water crossings, networks of fords and the communication channels running along watersheds. The foremost issue, at present one of great difficulty with respect to a study embracing the whole region in question, is the cultural context of these innovations and the related mechanisms that saw their creation in regard to the socio-economic basis and ritual-epistemological nature of ancient peoples in these regions. The study by Marija Gimbutas [Gimbutas 1965] of 'amber routes', joining the west and east of Europe, may be considered the first attempt to tackle the issue of the region's early communication channels and was accordingly referred to in the analyses of the distribution of stone 'fluted maces', regarded as hypothetical markers of Baltic-Pontic routes [Kośko 2001; 2002]. Generally, this conceptual leaven can be said to have provided broader intellectual stimuli for the international academic community of 'Archaeology Bimaris'. The turning point in the nascent study of ancient routes has been thus given a clear framework: an inter-university and interdisciplinary discussion (see the Poznań-Obrzycko symposium Routes Between the Seas: Baltic-Bug-Boh (Southern Bug)-Pont held in October 2008). The papers included in this volume are a partial record of the discussion. The intentional selectiveness here is seen therefore in the conscious limitation of the scope of papers ('piecemeal' treatment of linguistic or ethnological and anthropological analyses). Moreover, there is a special focus on one of the inter-regional routes, namely the Baltic-Bug-Boh (Southern Bug)-Pont, or more specifically, its early evidence (generally speaking, prior to - widely known to the academia - its use in the times of Goth migrations).Item Cmentarzysko ludności z początków epoki brązu(Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 2007) Czebreszuk, Janusz; Szmyt, MarzenaItem COMPARATIVE CHRONOLOGY OF THE PREHISTORY OF THE AREA BETWEEN THE VISTULA AND DNIEPER: 3150-1850 BC(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 1999) Klochko, Victor I.; Kośko, Aleksander; Szmyt, Marzena; Żebrowski, Piotr T.This volume of the Baltic Pontic Studies focuses on the results of the research carried out so far into the absolute (radiocarbon) chronology of the area lying between the Vistula and Dnieper or the bio-cultural borderland between the West and East of Europe. Absolute chronology is treated here both as a research goal and fundamental premise in the broader studies of the chronometrie and development synchronization of "borderland" cultural systems. In a series of articles devoted to individual taxa a considerable number of new 14C dates have been compared. The dates concern source materials that have been chosen from the point of view of their representativeness and chronometrie value ("short-lived" materials were preferred to minimize a potential error). The vast majority of analyses were purposefully made in the same 14C laboratory of the State Scientific Center of Environmental Radiogeochemistry of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kiev taking advantage of funds generously provided by the Polish Committee for Scientific Research. The volume devoted to the "dark" section of the "borderland" history (3150-1850 BC) is the first but not the last publication on the broader issues mentioned above that we intend to present in the near future.Item COMPARATIVE CHRONOLOGY OF THE PREHISTORY OF THE AREA BETWEEN THE VISTULA AND DNIEPER: 3150-1850 BC(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2003) Klochko, Viktor I.; Kośko, Aleksander; Szmyt, Marzena; Żebrowski, Piotr T.This volume of the Baltic-Pontic Studies is a record of investigations carried out under the research project begun earlier in vol. 7 ("The Foundations of radiocarbon chronology of cultures between the Vistula and Dnieper: 3150-1850 BC", Poznań 1999). Here, the approach is broader in terms of chronology and culture. Our purpose has been to fill taxonomic gaps hitherto present in the discussion (supplementing the dating of cultures, groups or phases) or reanalyze the grounds for findings considered particularly controversial. In the latter case, a very enlightening debate was provoked by the comparative chronology of the Yamnaya and Catacomb cultures presented by A.N. Nikolova. We hope that a large series of 14C dates and a revision of the foundations of "archaeological knowledge" (stratigraphy, typochronolgy and groups of co-occurrence of traits), brought together in the paper by D.Y. Telegin, S.Z. Pustovalov, N. Kovalyukh, lay the ground for a stabilization of views on this important dividing line in the chronology of the Bronze Age in the Pontic zone. A vast majority of the new 14C dates have been obtained under an international research project financed by the Polish Committee for Scientific Research.Item ‘CORDED’ ORNAMENTATION ON CLAY VESSELS IN THE VISTULA AND DNIEPER INTERFLUVIAL REGION: 5TH – 4TH MILL. BC. AN OUTLINE OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2010) Kośko, Aleksander; Szmyt, Marzena; Kośko, Aleksander; Szmyt, Marzena; Reisner, Ryszard J.The issues outlined in the above volume of Baltic-Pontic Studies (BPS) presented here, can be said to generate several important and complex questions among which, one relating to the topogenesis of ’corded’ ornamentation on the bio-cultural borderlands of east and west Europe, gave birth to an innovative research project. In this respect, specialist researchers of the Pontic-Baltic Eneolithic (from Middle and Late Neolithic contexts) chose 45 vessels (mostly fragments) originating from the Dnieper-Southern Bug drainage area and Vistula, dated to the 5th - 4th/3rd mill. BC for the purposes of microscopic analyses conducted with the aim of identifying ’corded’ patterns of ornamentation. These laboratory tests were led by an archaeologist specialising in microscopic analysis to identify interdisciplinary, pre-historic and archaic techniques in the textile crafts. The implications of the above tests would seem to warrant a manifold approach to possible conclusions on the basis of specialist (microscopic) criteria of differentiated - previously identified as macroscopic - in general terms as ’corded’ motifs of ceramic ware ornamentation (part 1). This also concerns an outline of investigation drawn from hermeneutics, prompted by various contexts such as historical and cultural assessment of bio-cultural communities and related findings as well as attempts to generate a coherent framework of linguistic and cultural research for ’corded ornamentation on ceramic ware’ (part 2). In discussing further the ’main issues’ presented in this publication of BPS 15 in respect to the hand manufacture of ceramic ware of the Vistula and Dnieper interfluvial region and its peoples, a modus operandi of investigation in the context of region has been proposed whereby researchers of this particular project have been given a free hand, as it were, in respect to the degree and forms of application in microscopic analyses and their findings. A series of commentaries has therefore arisen, from various points of view in so far as reflections on research conducted - possible future strategies for vital questions in this matter that are yet to be answered (part 3). It is assumed therefore that this volume has in some measure initiated a process of the highest consequence, one introducing a new level of off-site investigation into the genesis of corded ornamentation development, which deserves to be supported in addition through a personal engagement in this research field.Item ‘CORDED’ ORNAMENTATION ON CLAY VESSELS IN THE VISTULA AND DNIEPER RIVER REGION: 5TH – 4TH MILL. BC. RESEARCH PROJECT AIMS(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2010) Kośko, Aleksander; Szmyt, Marzena; Reisner, Ryszard J.The issues outlined in the above volume of Baltic-Pontic Studies (BPS) presented here, can be said to generate several important and complex questions among which, one relating to the topogenesis of ’corded’ ornamentation on the bio-cultural borderlands of east and west Europe, gave birth to an innovative research project. In this respect, specialist researchers of the Pontic-Baltic Eneolithic (from Middle and Late Neolithic contexts) chose 45 vessels (mostly fragments) originating from the Dnieper-Southern Bug drainage area and Vistula, dated to the 5th - 4th/3rd mill. BC for the purposes of microscopic analyses conducted with the aim of identifying ’corded’ patterns of ornamentation. These laboratory tests were led by an archaeologist specialising in microscopic analysis to identify interdisciplinary, pre-historic and archaic techniques in the textile crafts. The implications of the above tests would seem to warrant a manifold approach to possible conclusions on the basis of specialist (microscopic) criteria of differentiated - previously identified as macroscopic - in general terms as ’corded’ motifs of ceramic ware ornamentation (part 1). This also concerns an outline of investigation drawn from hermeneutics, prompted by various contexts such as historical and cultural assessment of bio-cultural communities and related findings as well as attempts to generate a coherent framework of linguistic and cultural research for ’corded ornamentation on ceramic ware’ (part 2). In discussing further the ’main issues’ presented in this publication of BPS 15 in respect to the hand manufacture of ceramic ware of the Vistula and Dnieper interfluvial region and its peoples, a modus operandi of investigation in the context of region has been proposed whereby researchers of this particular project have been given a free hand, as it were, in respect to the degree and forms of application in microscopic analyses and their findings. A series of commentaries has therefore arisen, from various points of view in so far as reflections on research conducted - possible future strategies for vital questions in this matter that are yet to be answered (part 3). It is assumed therefore that this volume has in some measure initiated a process of the highest consequence, one introducing a new level of off-site investigation into the genesis of corded ornamentation development, which deserves to be supported in addition through a personal engagement in this research field.Item ‘CORD’ AND ‘CORD-LIKE’ ORNAMENTS ON THE POTTERY OF FUNNEL BEAKER CULTURE SOCIETIES ON THE POLISH LOWLANDS IN THE 4TH MILLENNIUM BC(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2010) Kośko, Aleksander; Szmyt, Marzena; Żebrowski, Piotr T.The issues outlined in the above volume of Baltic-Pontic Studies (BPS) presented here, can be said to generate several important and complex questions among which, one relating to the topogenesis of ’corded’ ornamentation on the bio-cultural borderlands of east and west Europe, gave birth to an innovative research project. In this respect, specialist researchers of the Pontic-Baltic Eneolithic (from Middle and Late Neolithic contexts) chose 45 vessels (mostly fragments) originating from the Dnieper-Southern Bug drainage area and Vistula, dated to the 5th - 4th/3rd mill. BC for the purposes of microscopic analyses conducted with the aim of identifying ’corded’ patterns of ornamentation. These laboratory tests were led by an archaeologist specialising in microscopic analysis to identify interdisciplinary, pre-historic and archaic techniques in the textile crafts. The implications of the above tests would seem to warrant a manifold approach to possible conclusions on the basis of specialist (microscopic) criteria of differentiated - previously identified as macroscopic - in general terms as ’corded’ motifs of ceramic ware ornamentation (part 1). This also concerns an outline of investigation drawn from hermeneutics, prompted by various contexts such as historical and cultural assessment of bio-cultural communities and related findings as well as attempts to generate a coherent framework of linguistic and cultural research for ’corded ornamentation on ceramic ware’ (part 2). In discussing further the ’main issues’ presented in this publication of BPS 15 in respect to the hand manufacture of ceramic ware of the Vistula and Dnieper interfluvial region and its peoples, a modus operandi of investigation in the context of region has been proposed whereby researchers of this particular project have been given a free hand, as it were, in respect to the degree and forms of application in microscopic analyses and their findings. A series of commentaries has therefore arisen, from various points of view in so far as reflections on research conducted - possible future strategies for vital questions in this matter that are yet to be answered (part 3). It is assumed therefore that this volume has in some measure initiated a process of the highest consequence, one introducing a new level of off-site investigation into the genesis of corded ornamentation development, which deserves to be supported in addition through a personal engagement in this research field.Item ‘CORD’ ORNAMENTS ON POTTERY IN THE VISTULA AND DNIEPER INTERFLUVIAL REGION: 5TH – 4TH MILL. BC. RESULTS AND IMPLICATIONS(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2010) Kośko, Aleksander; Szmyt, Marzena; Reisner, Ryszard J.The issues outlined in the above volume of Baltic-Pontic Studies (BPS) presented here, can be said to generate several important and complex questions among which, one relating to the topogenesis of ’corded’ ornamentation on the bio-cultural borderlands of east and west Europe, gave birth to an innovative research project. In this respect, specialist researchers of the Pontic-Baltic Eneolithic (from Middle and Late Neolithic contexts) chose 45 vessels (mostly fragments) originating from the Dnieper-Southern Bug drainage area and Vistula, dated to the 5th - 4th/3rd mill. BC for the purposes of microscopic analyses conducted with the aim of identifying ’corded’ patterns of ornamentation. These laboratory tests were led by an archaeologist specialising in microscopic analysis to identify interdisciplinary, pre-historic and archaic techniques in the textile crafts. The implications of the above tests would seem to warrant a manifold approach to possible conclusions on the basis of specialist (microscopic) criteria of differentiated - previously identified as macroscopic - in general terms as ’corded’ motifs of ceramic ware ornamentation (part 1). This also concerns an outline of investigation drawn from hermeneutics, prompted by various contexts such as historical and cultural assessment of bio-cultural communities and related findings as well as attempts to generate a coherent framework of linguistic and cultural research for ’corded ornamentation on ceramic ware’ (part 2). In discussing further the ’main issues’ presented in this publication of BPS 15 in respect to the hand manufacture of ceramic ware of the Vistula and Dnieper interfluvial region and its peoples, a modus operandi of investigation in the context of region has been proposed whereby researchers of this particular project have been given a free hand, as it were, in respect to the degree and forms of application in microscopic analyses and their findings. A series of commentaries has therefore arisen, from various points of view in so far as reflections on research conducted - possible future strategies for vital questions in this matter that are yet to be answered (part 3). It is assumed therefore that this volume has in some measure initiated a process of the highest consequence, one introducing a new level of off-site investigation into the genesis of corded ornamentation development, which deserves to be supported in addition through a personal engagement in this research field.Item Dispersed communities and diverse strategies: late neolithic economy on the Polish Lowland (3500−2500 bc)(2013) Szmyt, Marzena; Czebreszuk, JanuszItem EASTERN EUROPEAN DESTINATIONS OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN CULTURAL PATTERNS. THE CASE OF GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTURE (END OF THE 4TH – MIDDLE OF THE 3RD MILLENNIUM BC)(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2009) Szmyt, Marzena; Żebrowski, Piotr T.As regards the identification of the early forms of Europe's long-distance routes, the area lying between the Baltic and Black seas can be said to be one of relative neglect. Specifically, little research has been devoted to the development stages of the area's socio-cultural map, i.e. to neighbourly forays, itineraries, routes (of varied continuity, range and transport technique), stable segments of roads leading to water crossings, networks of fords and the communication channels running along watersheds. The foremost issue, at present one of great difficulty with respect to a study embracing the whole region in question, is the cultural context of these innovations and the related mechanisms that saw their creation in regard to the socio-economic basis and ritual-epistemological nature of ancient peoples in these regions. The study by Marija Gimbutas [Gimbutas 1965] of 'amber routes', joining the west and east of Europe, may be considered the first attempt to tackle the issue of the region's early communication channels and was accordingly referred to in the analyses of the distribution of stone 'fluted maces', regarded as hypothetical markers of Baltic-Pontic routes [Kośko 2001; 2002]. Generally, this conceptual leaven can be said to have provided broader intellectual stimuli for the international academic community of 'Archaeology Bimaris'. The turning point in the nascent study of ancient routes has been thus given a clear framework: an inter-university and interdisciplinary discussion (see the Poznań-Obrzycko symposium Routes Between the Seas: Baltic-Bug-Boh (Southern Bug)-Pont held in October 2008). The papers included in this volume are a partial record of the discussion. The intentional selectiveness here is seen therefore in the conscious limitation of the scope of papers ('piecemeal' treatment of linguistic or ethnological and anthropological analyses). Moreover, there is a special focus on one of the inter-regional routes, namely the Baltic-Bug-Boh (Southern Bug)-Pont, or more specifically, its early evidence (generally speaking, prior to - widely known to the academia - its use in the times of Goth migrations).Item First evidence for the forging of gold in an Early Bronze Age Site of Central Europe (2200–1800 BCE)(2022-12-10) Müller, Johannes; Delgado-Raack, Selina; Escanilla, Nicolau; Kienle, Lorenz; Kneisel, Jutta; Czebreszuk, Janusz; Jaeger, Mateusz; Szmyt, Marzena; Schürmann, UlrichEvidence of gold processing in the fortified site of Bruszczewo (Poland) is the first testimony of the production of gold artefacts in a domestic Early Bronze Age site of Central Europe. This paper highlights the potential of macrolithic tool ensembles as a key element for the recognition of metallurgical work processes. Moreover, it presents an optimised methodological approach to tackle the application of stone tools in metallurgical production, based on technological characterisation, use-wear analysis, portable X-ray fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, the absence of gold sources in Central Europe raises the question about the origin of the metal, constituting an especially striking issue, as gold was a raw material of restricted access. As Bruszczewo was one of the few enclosed Early Bronze Age sites north of the Central European Mountain Range, the patterning of metal processing (including gold) sheds light on the mode of the production of metal artefacts, apparently restricted to central sites of power, which controlled the communication trails.Item Fourth-Third Millennium BC Stone Cist Graves Between The Carpathians And Crimea. An Outline Of Issues(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2014) Szmyt, Marzena; Żebrowski, PiotrItem GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTURE IN EASTERN EUROPE. PRESENT STATE OF RESEARCH AND POSSIBILITIES FOR FUTURE STUDIES(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 1996) Szmyt, Marzena; Żebrowski, TomaszGlobular Amphora culture settlements make one of the most important systems of circulation of cultural patterns in the border zone between the drainage areas of the Baltic and Black Seas. One aspect of this problem, namely the „eastern exodus" mentioned in the title, has seemingly rich historiography. Under closer scrutiny, however, it reveals many intuitive opinions based on weak and insufficiently explored sources. This belief lay behind the present issue of the „Baltic-Pontic Studies". The papers presented in this issue open new areas of discussion of the problems in question. For the first time, the discussion is set against an incontrovertible scale of absolute chronology. This issue anticipates a broader synthesising presentation to be published in the not too distant future.Item GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTURE IN EASTERN EUROPE. PRESENT STATE OF RESEARCH AND POSSIBILITIES FOR FUTURE STUDIES(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 1996) Szmyt, MarzenaItem GRAVE OF GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTURE FROM TOVPYZHYN (DISTRICT OF RIVNE, UKRAINE)(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 1996) Maleyev, Yuriy; Pryshchepa, Boris; Kośko, Aleksander; Szmyt, Marzena; Żebrowski, TomaszGlobular Amphora culture settlements make one of the most important systems of circulation of cultural patterns in the border zone between the drainage areas of the Baltic and Black Seas. One aspect of this problem, namely the „eastern exodus" mentioned in the title, has seemingly rich historiography. Under closer scrutiny, however, it reveals many intuitive opinions based on weak and insufficiently explored sources. This belief lay behind the present issue of the „Baltic-Pontic Studies". The papers presented in this issue open new areas of discussion of the problems in question. For the first time, the discussion is set against an incontrovertible scale of absolute chronology. This issue anticipates a broader synthesising presentation to be published in the not too distant future.