Browsing by Author "Szyga-Pluta, Katarzyna"
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Item Charakterystyka stosunków nefologicznych w Moskwie(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2014) Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaThe aim of the present study was to characterize the cloudiness in Moscow. The analysis was based on the eight diurnal observations carried out in the Meterological Observatory of the Łomonosow University in Moscow in years 1974–1990. The structure of the cloudiness, annual and diurnal courses were taken upon consideration. The average annual total cloudiness is much higher in cold part of the year. The long-term variability of total cloud cover in Moscow has shown an increasing tendency. The most frequent cloud type was Stratocumulus, which dominates during the whole day.Item Charakterystyka topoklimatyczna fragmentu wybrzeża klifowego w rejonie Białej Góry (Woliński Park Narodowy)(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2009) Bednorz, Ewa; Kolendowicz, Leszek; Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaW opracowaniu wykorzystano pomiary: albedo, bilansu promieniowania, temperatury i wilgotnooeci wzglêdnej z siedmiu stanowisk obserwacyjnych rozlokowanych w profilu poprzecznym do brzegu morskiego od pla¿y do buczyny na wysoczyŸnie morenowej. Stwierdzono zró¿nicowany przebieg dobowy analizowanych elementów meteorologicznych, zale¿ny od konfiguracji i pokrycia terenu. Punkty pomiarowe zlokalizowane na obszarze ods³oniêtym charakteryzuj¹ siê wiêkszymi amplitudami temperatury i wilgotnooeci powietrza ni¿ usytuowane na terenie zalesionym czy na stokach klifu. Wystawienie na bezpooerednie promieniowanie s³oneczne powoduje znaczny wzrost temperatury przy pogodzie bezchmurnej. Ods³oniêcie terenu pozwala te¿ na wiêksze wypromieniowanie w zakresie d³ugofalowym w nocy, co obni¿a poranne minimum temperatury. Specyficzn¹ termik¹ charakteryzuje siê obszar pla¿y.Wyniki pomiarów potwierdzaj¹ oddzia³ywanie Ba³tyku, który znacz¹co zmniejsza dobow¹ amplitudê temperatury powietrza. Termika analizowanych stanowisk pomiarowych jest oecioele powi¹zana z wartooeci¹ bilansu radiacyjnego, która g³ównie zale¿y od natê¿enia bezpooeredniego promieniowania S³oñca docieraj¹cego do pod³o¿a, albedo oraz pojemnooeci cieplnej gruntu.Item Charakterystyka warunków anemometrycznych w sezonie letnim na Mierzei Łebskiej(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2015) Figat, Katarzyna; Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaPreparation of the data concerning anemometric conditions in the summer seasons of 2008–2013 on the Łeba Sandbar allowed their detailed analysis. The average wind speed in the analysed period is higher during the day than at night. Very weak and weak winds dominate, and strong and very strong winds do not occur. In the daily course of wind speed the maximum values appear between the hours of 14:00–16:00 and minimum values at night. Analysis of the diurnal course in wind direction showed a predominance of winds from the west sector in this region.Item Charakterystyka występowania burz w Kaliszu(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2015) Jasik, Dominika; Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaThis paper presents the daily and annual course of thunderstorms in Kalisz. The research was based on records from the period 1985–2014 from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, and more detailed archived meteorological data from the period 2004–2014 from the station in Kalisz. The study identified no clear trend in the number of days with thunderstorms during the study period, except a slight increase of the thunderstorm occurrence frequency. Thunderstorms form during the whole year and all day long. However, the warm part of the year is connected with the highest thunderstorm activity in Kalisz, as well as the warmest part of the day. They appear most frequently between 15.01 and 16.00. The majority of thunderstorms last for only 11–20 minutes. The longest storm was observed on September 17th, 2010 (361 min.). They arrive mainly from the south west.Item Circulation influence on cloudiness in Poznań(Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 2015) Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaThe frequency of occurrence of cloud cover was analysed taking into consideration its circulation-related conditioning. The atmospheric circulation types according to Osuchowska-Klein (1978) classification were used. The study was made based on diurnal climatological observations carried out in Poznań-Ławica in years 1966–1998. It was found that the cloudless skies and small cloudiness were associated with anticyclonic types of atmospheric circulation and the east macrotype. Moderate cloudiness occurred equally at cyclonic and anticyclonic circulation types. Larger cloud coverage of the sky was associated with cyclonic circulation, especially with the west macrotype.Item Evaluation of thermal conditions in Jeziory (the Wielkopolski National Park)(Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 2013) Szyga-Pluta, Katarzyna; Półrolniczak, MarekThe purpose of this paper is to present selected methods of evaluation of thermal conditions in the Wielkopolski National Park and their initial characterization. The analysis was based on data from the automatic meteorological station in Jeziory measured during the period 2001–2010. The calendar of thermal classes graphically shows the variation in thermal conditions for each month and deviation from the standard adopted for the period concerned (Table 2). A good complement to the calendar seems the graphs of mean daily air temperature for months above and below the standards that enable their connection with the peculiarities of weather occurring in the area of Central Europe (Fig. 1). In addition to complete characterization of thermal conditions, specific number of days according to the average daily temperature ranges (Tavr): tavr. < 10°C, tavr. 10.1–15.0°C, tavr. 15.1–20.0°C, tavr. 20.1–25.0°C, tavr. 25.1–30.0°C and interdiurnal changes of average daily temperature (ΔTavr): Δtavr. < 2°C, Δtavr. 2.1–4.0°C, Δtavr. 4.1–6.0°C, Δtavr. >6.0°C were calculated (Table 3, 4). They were the basis for separating the year into thermal seasons (Table 5, Fig. 2). Ward’s method was used giving the best results in the case while both Tavr and ΔTavr were taken into consideration. The results obtained allow concluding that different methods of evaluation of thermal conditions applied separately do not give a full picture of thermal conditions of the area. Only a combination of results obtained using the Ward’s and calendar methods can give a complete thermal conditions characterization.Item Przymrozki i okres bezprzymrozkowy w latach 2001–2016 na Stacji Ekologicznej w Jeziorach (Wielkopolski Park Narodowy)(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2017) Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaThe paper presents the characteristics of frosts occurrence at the Ecological Station in Jeziory (Wielkopolski National Park) in years 2001–2016. The frequency of occurrence of frosts in the spring and autumn, their intensity and duration of the frost-free period were analyzed. A tendency was observed to extend the frost-free period, which results primarily from the early disappearance of spring frosts. The slight frosts occurred the most often in Jeziory. The most severe frosts occurred occasionally due to the specific location of the station on the forest clearing.Item The period of intense vegetation growth and maturing of plants in north-western Poland(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2017) Tomczyk, Arkadiusz; Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaThe objective of the study consisted in determining the changeability of the dates of commencement and termination of the period of intense vegetation growth and the period of maturing of plants in north-western Poland, and also the respective durations thereof. Use was made of data concerning average monthly air temperatures for the years 1966–2015, which were obtained from the collections of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute. The period of intense vegetation growth has been defined as a period with average daily air temperature of ≥ 10oC, whereas the period of maturing of plants as one with an average daily air temperature of ≥ 15oC. The dates of commencement and termination of the aforementioned periods were determined using mathematical formulae proposed by Gumiński. On average, the period of intense vegetation growth commenced 3 days/10 years earlier and terminated 1 day/10 years later. In turn, the period of maturing of plants commenced on average 2 days/10 years earlier and terminated on average 2 days/10 years later. Research also revealed an increase in the duration of both the period of intense vegetation growth, and the period of maturing of plants in north-western Poland.Item Typy cyrkulacji atmosfery a rodzaje chmur w Poznaniu(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2009) Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaThe frequency of appearance of cloud genera was analyzed taking into consideration their associated types of circulation. The study is made on the basis of diurnal climatological observations carried out in Poznań in years 1971-1990. The Lityński objective classification of circulation types was used. The research results prove that the cloud genera appear throughout the year depending on the atmospheric circulation. High clouds are the most frequent during the anticyclonic types of circulation (table 1). As, Ns, St and Cb clouds are associated with the cyclonic circulation. Ac, Sc and Си clouds form independently of the circulation type which shows the biggest influence of the local conditions on the specific clouds. Among the anticyclonic types of circulation the type NWA is conducive to forming of Ci, Cc, Ac, Sc, Си and Cb clouds (table 2, fig. 1). Cs clouds are connected mainly to the SWA circulation. The air inflow from west is favourable to form the As and Ns clouds. St clouds appear most often during the NA circulation. During the intermediate circulation types, high and middle clouds form most frequently when the air flows from the SW direction (table 3, fig. 2). Sc, St and Си clouds favour to appear during the NWo circulation. Cb clouds form mainly in connection to the NE0 circulation. In the midst of the cyclonic circulation the type SWc is conductive to occurring of: Ci, Cs, Ac, As, Ns and Sc types of clouds (table 4, fig. 3). Cc, St, Си and Cb clouds are mainly associated with the NWc circulation.Item Variation of cloudiness in the mountain region on the example of the Sudetes(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2017) Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaThe purpose of the study is to present a comparison of cloudiness at different levels of a mountain region and to emphasize the specific characteristics of cloud cover observed in valleys and on mountain summits, based on the example of the Sudetes. The analysis is based on cloudiness observations made in Jelenia Góra and on Mt Śnieżka in the years 1971–2015. The results obtained in the study demonstrate that the average cloudiness generally increases with altitude in the Sudetes. However, in the colder half of the year, in anticyclonic weather and thermal inversion conditions, this system may be inverted. There are more cloudless and clear days on average in the valleys and more overcast and cloudy days recorded at the tops of the Sudetes. The annual cloud cover amount is similar, due to atmospheric circulation. The diurnal pattern varies as an effect of the influence of local conditions. The increase in cloudiness during the period from 1971–2015 is more significant in Jelenia Góra than on Śnieżka.Item Warunki pluwialne w Poznaniu w latach 1981-2015(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2016) Szyga-Pluta, Katarzyna; Grześkowiak, KatarzynaThe study covers the characteristics of pluvial conditions in Poznań in 1981–2015. There is a slight increase in the multiannual precipitation course, while the number of days with precipitation is decreasing. There is a significant growing trend of precipitation over 5 mm and 10 mm. Throughout the years, summer precipitation with a maximum in July and the smallest totals in the winter with a minimum in February prevail. The spring precipitation outweighs that in the autumn. In the course of annual daily precipitation totals, the interval of 1.1–5.0 mm tends to be least varied and occurs with an equal frequency throughout the year. Precipitation in the 0.1–1.0 mm range usually takes place in January and December. Precipitation over 5 mm usually occurs in the summer. July has the biggest frequency of moderately strong, strong, and very strong precipitation. According to the pluvial classification, July is the most frequently humid, very humid and extremely humid month while February – the driest one.Item Warunki termiczne na stacji ekologicznej w Jeziorach (Wielkopolski Park Narodowy) w latach 2006-2015(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2016) Szyga-Pluta, Katarzyna; Przebieracz, JoannaThe paper presents the basic characteristics of the thermal conditions at the Ecological Station in Jeziory (Wielkopolski National Park) in 2006-2015. The aim of the study is to analyse the variability of day-to-day air temperature and to determine the nature of the stimuli of the thermal conditions. The average annual temperature in Jeziory in 2006-2015 was 9.1°C. In the course of annual air temperature, July was the warmest month with an average temperature of 19.7°C. The average maximum occurred often in August as well. The coldest month was January with an average temperature of –1.1°C. The average minimum occurred also in February and December. The greatest seasonal fluctuations in air temperature occurred in the winter. In the other seasons, the course of average temperature is more even. At the Ecological Station Jeziory, there are small interdiurnal changes of air temperature. Declines tended to be much more prominent than increases. The mean change for the entire period is close to zero (0.4°C). In most cases, these changes did not exceed ± 1.5 deg but in extreme cases they reached several degrees. The biggest interdiurnal changes occur in May and January. The smallest range of the changes occurred in July and March. The biothermal conditions in the surroundings of the station in Jeziory are conducive to the development of tourism and recreation. The analysed decade was dominated by inert (68%). The sharp thermal stimuli appeared rarely (2%). Significant and sharp stimuli occur usually in the winter i.e. in December and January and then in the spring: in April and May.Item Wielkość ochładzająca powietrza - na Wybrzeżu Klifowym w rejonie Białej Góry - w sezonach letnich 2008-2009 (Woliński Park Narodowy)(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2011) Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaThe study includes an analysis of daily distribution of air cooling values in the selected locations of Wolin National Park. The measurements were taken in the summer seasons of 2008 and 2009. The index has been determined with regard to local qualities of the environment. It has been established that the described bioclimatic index possesses a varied daily distribution which depends on relief and vegetal coverage of the terrain. According to the scale of Conrad, the most favourable bioclimatic conditions occurred at location 1 (Beach). The daily distribution of air cooling values reflects thermal conditions and dampness. The most balanced distribution of air cooling values occurred at location 3 (Buczyna), which results from the smallest variation of temperature and dampness at this point as well as it being shielded from the wind.Item Zmienność termicznych pór roku w Poznaniu(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2011) Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaOn the basis of period 1921–2008 series of monthly values of air temperature in Poznań the eight thermal seasons were characterized. The duration of thermal season was determined in relation to the day, when the air temperature crossed the following thermal thresholds: 0, 5, 10 and 15°C. Considering the values of the mean air temperature there were defined the following thermal seasons: early spring (0,0–4,9°C), spring (5,0–9,9°C), early summer (10,0–14,9°C), summer (above 15,0°C), early autumn (10,0–14,9°C), autumn (5,0–9,9°C), early winter (0,0–4,9°C) and winter (below 0,0°C). Gumiński method was applied to estimate the first and the last days and the duration of thermal periods mentioned above. It has been stated that in the analyzed period the highest range of the beginning was characteristic for early spring (Tab. 1). The lowest range characterizes the thermal autumn. Thermal summer is the longest and spring is the shortest season of the year in Poznań (Tab. 2). Thermal seasons in the warm period (the increase of temperature) began earlier in the examined period, while thermal seasons in the cold period (the decrease of temperature) tend to begin later (Fig. 1A–8A). Early spring and winter show the biggest variability of the beginning dates, while thermal autumn – the lowest one. The dates of the beginning and end of the intensive vegetation periods: early and late summer are the most stable. The greatest changeability of the length characterizes thermal winter and the lowest – late summer. Early spring tend to be shorter in the analyzed period in Poznań (Fig. 1B-8B). Longer are getting spring, summer, autumn and early winter. There were 7 years without thermal winter observed in Poznań (tab. 3), which occurred in the last twenty years of the examined period.