Browsing by Author "Zakashvili, Ucha"
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Item Modern Development Tendencies in Georgian Construction Law(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2018) Zakashvili, Ucha; Kalichava, KobaThe problems and prospects of development of the modern Georgian Construction Law are reviewed in the article. Negative tendencies of the construction coefficient trading and negative influence of the above practice in the urban construction are discussed as a problem. In connection with the above, the non-uniform court practice makes the vague legal grounds of coefficient trading even more obscure. The article reviews the legislative changes aimed at bureaucracy reduction imple- mented in the Georgian Construction Law which brought negative results in addition to positive aspects. In particular, the authorities issuing permits do not approve the structural designs, do not evaluate the competence of the geological survey and more importantly, the quality of construction materials is not checked. Within the framework of the same reform, the regulation obligating to observe the standards of sun exposure and natural lighting for adjacent buildings during construction was revoked since 2008. It is mentioned in the article that the above deregulation, as well as vague legislative regulations cause devaluation of the cost of adjacent buildings of the construction. The authors of the article equalize this fact to indirect expropriation with the difference that no compensation is paid for restoration of their rights and the affected citizens have to engage in procrastinated litigations. Precedents from the court practice are reviewed in the article on this issue which make it clear that the documents issued by administrative authorities are often unsubstantiated. The prospects of the reform of the Georgian construction legislation and Code of Spatial Planning and Construction of Georgia are reviewed in the article.Item Special considerations of demolition of the buildings and structures constructed without a permit on the state-owned land parcel restricted for construction(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2019) Zakashvili, UchaThe article addresses special conditions sanctioning demolition of buildings and structures erected without a permit on the state-owned land parcel restricted for construction according to the Georgian legislation and the practice of suspension of enforcement proceedings of similar resolutions by the court. It reviews the regulation envisaged by part 4 of Article 25 of Product Safety and Free Movement Code, according to which buildings constructed on state and/or self-governing unit-owned land parcels are subject to demolition and an appeal of the resolution on demolition does not suspend its enforcement. Despite the above, within the procedural legislation, the court suspends the enforcement process in the part of demolition. The article assesses the prospective of placing such buildings and structures within the legal framework in the future (compliance with the general plan, functional zoning, rules of development and use of the territory), i.e. their eligibility for obtaining a permit in deciding on the suspension/non-suspension of the demolition enforcement process. In Georgian practice, this factor is not accentuated by the construction control body when making a resolution on demolition, nor does the court evaluate it, which is the most significant circumstance in the process of making and enforcing such type of resolutions. Examples from the Polish and German practice where a permit allowing illegal buildings and structures to be admitted (as complying with the substantive construction law) is one of the most significant preconditions for making a resolution regarding demolition are presented and discussed. The circumstances to be considered in the course of suspension by the court of demolition of buildings and structures illegally constructed on state and/or self-governing unit-owned land parcels are also described, and legislative changes/ amended regulations for the sake of avoidance of procrastination of such type of demolitions have been recommended.