Przegląd Politologiczny, 2022, nr 3

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Browsing Przegląd Politologiczny, 2022, nr 3 by Subject "contentious politics"

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    The Impact of Morally Injurious Events on the Dynamics of Mobilization for Women’s Rights in Poland
    (Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2022) Rak, Joanna
    Why did the registration of the Gals for Gals name as a trademark and the publication of the Constitutional Tribunal’s ruling stop the largest protest movements for women’s rights in democratic Poland despite unaccomplished goals? What was the source of the 2018 and 2021 demobilization acts and subsequent waves of non-mobilization? Drawing on the theory of moral injury and narrative research methodology, this article aims to account for the determinants of the Gals for Gals’ and the All-Poland Women’s Strike’s demobilization and the lack of mobilization. The main argument is that during the fight for women’s rights, a part of Polish society involved in civic activity experienced two severe traumas. Each of the two waves of mobilization ended in a moral injury development. In both cases, a moral injury involved the loss of trust in self and others. Moreover, in both cases, the moral injuries were so severe that they turned out long-lasting. At the stage of the cognitive dissonance, there were no attempts to resolve it. In other words, activists did nothing to prevent cognitive dissonance from turning into a moral injury. In the first case, it may indicate the organizational and emotional immaturity of activists. In turn, the second case may indicate the weakening of civil society, building Poland’s political culture of withdrawal and submission.
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    Why Women Became the Enemy of Democracy in Poland? The Illiberal Regime's Response to the Women' Rights Movement
    (Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2022) Rezmer-Płotka, Kamila
    After the political transformation in Poland, abortion was first regulated by the Law of 7 January 1993, Protection of the Human Fetus and Conditions Permitting Pregnancy Termination. Since then, attempts have been made to change the existing regulation. However, it was in 2016 that there were nationwide protests against changes to abortion provisions, and then in 2020, when the constitutional court ruling limited the possibility of termination of pregnancy in Poland. These protests can be seen in the context of the process of neo-militant democracy rule implementation, that is, the taking over the characteristics of non-democratic regimes by existing democracies under the cover of the regime self-preservation. The aim of this article is to identify and explain the government’s attitude towards women as an enemy of democracy at the institutional level during the two waves of protests. The study shows that during the period considered, restrictions specific to neo-militant democracies in the area of assembly and association, speech and press and restrictions on religious freedom were imposed in order to limit the activity of protesters viewed as enemies of the democratic system.