Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, 2013, nr 30
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Browsing Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, 2013, nr 30 by Subject "education"
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Item Cysterskie szkoły w Szczyrzycu od 1780 roku do lat trzydziestych XX wieku(Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk we współpracy z Zakładem Historii Wychowania, WSE UAM, 2013) Marszalska, Jolanta M.The goal of this article is to present a school operating as part of the Cistercian abbey in Szczyrzyc. In the 18th century, some Cistercian abbeys assumed the responsibility of establishing and managing elementary schools. It was also the case in Poland provided that the legislation of the respective empire (Russia, Prussia or Austria) allowed for such arrangements. The abbey in Szczyrzyc was in charge of the school facilities and competent teachers. While some of them were the local monks, a respective state authority supervised adherence to the curriculum. The first existing source of information about the school at the Cistercian abbey in Szczyrzyc comes from 1780. Despite numerous obstacles related to the political situation in the partitioned Poland, the abbey educated the local children continuously albeit more or less successfully until the middle of the 20th century, involving the monks in the education process.Item Model wychowania w rodzinie ziemiańskiej w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku na przykładzie domu Stanisława Kostki Zamoyskiego i jego córki Celiny Działyńskiej(Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk we współpracy z Zakładem Historii Wychowania, WSE UAM, 2013) Wróbel-Lipowa, KrystynaUpbringing and education was a matter of great importance among the Polish landed gentry. The education of male descendants was particularly essential, because they were expected to hold important office, increase the family’s wealth and possessions and become a source of pride to the family in the future. According to Stanislaw Kostka Zamoyski XII, Majoratsherr in Zamość, the family home set the best example of upbringing to the younger family members. Therefore, children needed to have positive role models in their parents, who would provide them with advice, care and look after them. Small children were introduced to harsh conditions of everyday life. In order to positively shape children’s personalities, to help them to become open, gentle, reasonable, and kind people, teachers were not allowed to set them a bad example. The XII Majoratsherr’s children in Zamość were raised by parents who called for strict obedience and respect. Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski’s daughter Celina Działyńska raised her offspring in the same manner. She taught them respect for ordinary people – service and help for the needy. The above mentioned methods produced a positive effect in the future. Children raised in this way became aware of their responsibilities to the family and homeland.Item „Osobliwie muszę tu wyznać zrządzenie Boskie nad tobą Synu mój kochany, iż twoja najlepiej cię kochająca Matka, uniesiona często słabością rozumu swojego, biła cię i źle ci życzyła”. Choroba psychiczna w rodzinie w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku na przykładzie dzieciństwa Stanisława Mikołaja Tretera(Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk we współpracy z Zakładem Historii Wychowania, WSE UAM, 2013) Kowalczyk, Małgorzata EwaStanisław Mikołaj, son of Agnieszka, nee Izbicki, and Stanisław Treter, the king’s chamberlain, was born on 19th November 1776. When he was seven years old it turned out that his mother was mentally ill, most probably suffering from schizophrenia. In the 18th century mental and nervous disorders were very rare, and foreigners visiting Poland even thought they were characteristic of Poles. Certainly, mental disease in a family does not only affect the one who actually suffers from it, it has an impact on each family member and somehow everyone is involved. Agnieszka’s psychosis started with aggressive behaviour towards her family, and especially her son. She would destroy things which either belonged to him or were in some way related to him, she would scream at him, physically and mentally harass him. His father would usually buy the things the boy needed most, such as underwear, clothes and shoes, in well-kept secret. Agnieszka categorically opposed this and even “became stubborn and restless which influenced the atmosphere in this home”. Because of his mother’s disease and its influence on the atmosphere in the family, the boy often felt anxiety and fear, and sometimes even annoyance and despair. In November 1786 Stanisław Treter decided that it would be better if his wife stayed in Warsaw for a while. The atmosphere at home was becoming worse and worse, and their ten-year-old son required systematic and extensive education, while Agnieszka herself needed “professional” care. In the 18th century people who suffered from mental diseases would usually live with their families and be provided with good care and a kind of particular respect, unless they were dangerous to others. However, Agnieszka was completely unpredictable. Her irrepressible aggression was understood by her son as a lack of love and acceptance. He often felt lost and very lonely. His mother’s mental disease did not create supportive conditions for the development of the child’s emotions and mentality. Certainly, like any other child he loved his “Mummy” very much, so parting with her was a very difficult experience for the boy. Disharmony in the Treter family, which was the consequence of Agnieszka’s disease, developed in Stanisław Mikołaj patterns of instability, hostility and neglect. Thus it is not surprising that he became oversensitive, egoistic, combative and aggressive. We learn about Stanisław Mikołaj Treter’s difficult childhood from his father’s notes. In 1785 he decided to write a history of his son’s life and education, and it took him four years to write in 13 letters which are now kept in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lvov.Item Reformy dyktuje system – o naradzie oświatowej KC PZPR z 24 października 1958 roku(Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk we współpracy z Zakładem Historii Wychowania, WSE UAM, 2013) Król, JoannaThe subject of the article is the educational conference which was held on 28 October 1958. It is believed that this meeting, in particular W. Gomulka’s speech, designated the main directions of future educational policy. Gomulka’s speech contained the following conclusions: the extension of compulsory education, the development of vocational education, professionalization of education and ideologisation of teacher training. A very important part of Gomulka’s speech was the issue of teaching religion. Although Gomulka promised to comply with the agreement concluded with the Church on teaching religion, he on the other hand criticized the conduct of the clergy on emblems and religious practices. The participants of the conference were more radical than Gomulka and advocated the total elimination of religious education in school. Strangely enough, all of the main conclusions of the meeting were subsequently turned into legislation. The crowning achievement of the speakers of 1958 became the law on the development of the system of education in 1961, which introduced secular schools and socialist educational ideals.Item Wykształcenie ziemiańskie i jego wpływ na wychowanie dzieci na przykładzie rodu Ostrowskich Korabitów(Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk we współpracy z Zakładem Historii Wychowania, WSE UAM, 2013) Studnicka-Mariańczyk, KarolinaThe article presents the subsequent stages of Aleksander Ostrowski’s education; it shows his successes at school, and also points at the direct link between the economic achievements of the Ostrowskis’ domain and the level of the owners’ education. The general and professional knowledge acquired at school and the level of culture and civil awareness provided resulted in the formation of high educational ambitions also in the next generation: the atmosphere of the family home and the pedagogical attitude of Aleksander and Helena Ostrowski influenced the fact that their children were also well educated; therefore, they could continue the family traditions, develop their farm, and participate in political life. The example of the Ostrowski family from Maluszyn can serve as an argument justifying the statement that a high level of education should be treated as a main factor in forming certain types of world views, social and political beliefs, and the level of interest and participation in culture. It should also be treated as a factor determining openness towards innovations and progress in both the organisation of social life and the economy.