Wynik pracy podstawą definicji i klasyfikacji usług oraz sfery usług
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Date
1971
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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Result of Work on a Basis for the Definition and Classification of Services and Sphere of Services
Abstract
Despite the increase in the role of services in the development of modern
countries, there is a lack of satisfying definitions and classifications of services and
of the systematization of conceptions connected with services in economic literature.
In connection with the conventional opinion on the nature of services, an attempt has been made to describe as objectively as possible the range of conception
and sphere 0;f services, and to divide the basic groups. The basis for such
a division of services in all social activities is the classification of man's activity
based on features distinguishing particular pioducts of this activity taken as
classifying criteria. Such an approach is a result of the opinion that the most important
specialization, of a general economic character, is that which is the aim of
economic activity i.e. its effective results, lealized in the process of work and
satisfying social demands.
The verification of the hypothesis permitted differentiation of two basic aims —
criteria of division of work. These are: the size of transformation in the result of
the activity, and the character of the product from the point of view of the amount
of information comprised. After conducting a dichotomic classification, nine types
of man's activity were segregated. Next, because of the meed of associating this
division with practical specialization, and of reducing surplus theoretical classes,
they were aggregated into five types of activity. The nomenclature of these types
are simultaneously the types of enterprises and spheres treated as a set of enterprises
of a uniform character in results. The spheres are: agriculture, industry,
services, communication, sciences (together with ar1s). It has been proved that the
spatial arrangement of these enterprises belonging to the same sphere is similar,
with significant difference in spatial order of enterprises belonging to different
spheres.
Basing on the aforementioned criteria of work classification, the definition of
services has been formulated. Service is a creative activity whose offect is the
utilization value — created or bestowed on an existing or earlier shaped object
(material product, information, person or social group), as a result of the activity
during work on the structure of this object.
Basing on these same criteria services have been classified into six types: renovation,
information, distribution, recreational, educational-cultural, organizational.
The proposed classification is of a theoretical character, but it can be useful in
dividing services for various practical aims.
The article adapts a certain attitude towards some controversial opinions on the
definition, division and nature of services and sphere of services.
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Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 33, 1971, z. 1, s. 189-203