Zawiadomienia indywidualne przed Komitetem Praw Człowieka
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Date
1989
Authors
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Publisher
Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
Title alternative
The individual communications before the Human Rights Committee
Abstract
Last year Hungary, as the only one of the socialist states, ratified the Optional
Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. It means
that Hungary recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider
communications from individuals subject to its jurisdiction who claim to be
victims of a violation by the state of any of the rights set forth in the Covenant
The postulates to ratify the Protocol have also been raised in Poland, so far in
the doctrine rather than in political circles. Two types of fears are in the way.
Firstly, international supervision is still strongly believed to constitute the intervention
in the domestic jurisdiction, to be the violation of sovereignity, and to be
against Art. 2 § 7 of the United Nations Charter. Secondly, it proves extremely
difficult to overcome a traditional perception of relations between a state and
an individual and to recognize those two subjects as equal parties in a dispute
heard by the international authority. States are also afraid of individual communication
abuse for political purposes. Are those fears justified? A partial answer
may be given by the analysis of the international norms regulating the
competence of the Human Rights Committee and the supervision procedure.
The author analyses the provisions of the Optional Protocol and the Provisional
Rules of Procedure adopted by the Committee. She discusses in detail the rules of submission of communications and the their admissibility. Special attention
is paid to the views formulated by the committee as well as to their binding
force and to the role they play of may play in international practice.
Although the Committee's views are of persuasive value only, numerous examples
may be given to indicate their significance. The Committee interprets the
dispositions of the Covenant. Thus, the views of the Committee may contribute
not only to the unification of interpretation of the Covenant by the states, but
also to the adoption by the states of some common standards of implementation.
In many cases the Committee indicated the measures of enforcement to be adopted
by the state. The views of such a kind may not only contribute to securing a friendly
settlement of the matter on the basis of respect of human rights as defined
in the Covenant but may also encourage the state to adopt the administrative and
legislative measures indicated by the Committee. In a few cases the Committee
found gross violation of fundamental human rights, i.e it formulated the views
which clearly characterized certain facts as violations of international norms considered
as "ius cogens". The Committee many times published its view "in extenso";
such publicity has the character of a „sui generis" sanction.
However, the purpose of supervision procedure is not the accusation of a
state on the international scene. The role of international instruments analysed
in the article is not only to protect human rights but also to protect the interests
of the state against which the individual raises his/her claism. It is this latter
circumstance that should encourage other socialist states to ratify the Optional
Protocol.
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Keywords
Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 51, 1989, z. 3, s. 35-51
Seria
ISBN
ISSN
0035-9629