Cryoconite – From minerals and organic matter to bioengineered sediments on glacier's surfaces

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dc.contributor.authorRozwalak, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorPodkowa, Paweł
dc.contributor.authorBuda, Jakub
dc.contributor.authorNiedzielski, Przemysław
dc.contributor.authorKawecki, Szymon
dc.contributor.authorAmbrosini, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorAzzoni, Roberto S.
dc.contributor.authorBaccolo, Giovanni
dc.contributor.authorCeballos, Jorge L.
dc.contributor.authorCook, Joseph
dc.contributor.authorDi Mauro, Biagio
dc.contributor.authorFicetola, Gentile Francesco
dc.contributor.authorFranzetti, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorIgnatiuk, Dariusz
dc.contributor.authorKlimaszyk, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorŁokas, Edyta
dc.contributor.authorOno, Masato
dc.contributor.authorParnikoza, Ivan
dc.contributor.authorPietryka, Mirosława
dc.contributor.authorPittino, Francesca
dc.contributor.authorPoniecka, Ewa
dc.contributor.authorPorazinska, Dorota L.
dc.contributor.authorRichter, Dorota
dc.contributor.authorSchmidt, Steven K.
dc.contributor.authorSommers, Pacifica
dc.contributor.authorSouza-Kasprzyk, Juliana
dc.contributor.authorStibal, Marek
dc.contributor.authorSzczuciński, Witold
dc.contributor.authorUetake, Jun
dc.contributor.authorWejnerowski, Łukasz
dc.contributor.authorYde, Jacob C.
dc.contributor.authorTakeuchi, Nozomu
dc.contributor.authorZawierucha, Krzysztof
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-28T13:53:02Z
dc.date.available2021-10-28T13:53:02Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractCryoconite is a mixture of mineral and organic material covering glacial ice, playing important roles in biogeochemical cycles and lowering the albedo of a glacier surface. Understanding the differences in structure of cryoconite across the globe can be important in recognizing past and future changes in supraglacial environments and ice-organisms-minerals interactions. Despite the worldwide distribution and over a century of studies, the basic characteristics of cryoconite, including its forms and geochemistry, remain poorly studied. The major purpose of our study is the presentation and description of morphological diversity, chemical and photoautotrophs composition, and organic matter content of cryoconite sampled from 33 polar and mountain glaciers around the globe. Observations revealed that cryoconite is represented by various morphologies including loose and granular forms. Granular cryoconite includes smooth, rounded, or irregularly shaped forms; with some having their surfaces covered by cyanobacteria filaments. The occurrence of granules increased with the organic matter content in cryoconite. Moreover, a major driver of cryoconite colouring was the concentration of organic matter and its interplay with minerals. The structure of cyanobacteria and algae communities in cryoconite differs between glaciers, but representatives of cyanobacteria families Pseudanabaenaceae and Phormidiaceae, and algae familiesMesotaeniaceae and Ulotrichaceae were the most common. The most of detected cyanobacterial taxa are known to produce polymeric substances (EPS) that may cement granules. Organic matter content in cryoconite varied between glaciers, ranging from 1% to 38%. The geochemistry of all the investigated samples reflected local sediment sources, except of highly concentrated Pb and Hg in cryoconite collected from Europeanglaciers near indus-rialized regions, corroborating cryoconite as element-specific collector and potential environmental indicator of anthropogenic activity. Our work supports a notion that cryoconite may be more than just simple sediment and instead exhibits complex structure with relevance for biodiversity and the functioning of glacial ecosystems.pl
dc.identifier.citationScience of the Total Environment, 807: 150874pl
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150874
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10593/26456
dc.language.isoengpl
dc.publisherElsevierpl
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesspl
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/pl/*
dc.subjectBiogenic aggregatespl
dc.subjectBiotic consortiapl
dc.subjectCryoconite holespl
dc.subjectcyanobacteriapl
dc.subjectEcosystem engineerspl
dc.subjectSupraglacial ecosystemspl
dc.subjectglacierspl
dc.subjectsedimentspl
dc.titleCryoconite – From minerals and organic matter to bioengineered sediments on glacier's surfacespl
dc.typeArtykułpl

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